AN ANALYSIS OF TOEFL CBT WRITING PROMPT DIFFICULTY AND COMPARABILITY FOR DIFFERENT GENDER GROUPS

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

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ACT Research Report Series: High school academic and noncognitive variables related to the ACT scores of racial/ethnic and gender groups

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e427742008-001 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Noble ◽

Mark Davenport ◽

Jeff Schiel ◽

Mary Pommerich

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Research Report ◽

Act Scores ◽

Noncognitive Variables ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Testing the structure invariance of mathematics anxiety across two culture and gender groups

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e538922013-181 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

F. Nasser-Abu Alhija

Keyword(s):

Mathematics Anxiety ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups

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Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

Radioprotection ◽

10.1051/radiopro/2020073 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A. Asgari ◽

A.A. Parach ◽

F. Bouzarjomehri ◽

F. Shirani-Takabi ◽

A.H. Mehrparvar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Cancer ◽

Age Groups ◽

Young Patients ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Brain Ct ◽

Males And Females ◽

And Gender ◽

Multi Center Study ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

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Low-Degree Tibial Slope Angle Prevents Component Overhang by Enlarging the Lateral Plateau Surface Area in Total Knee Arthroplasty

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718598 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Emin Simsek ◽

Mustafa Akkaya ◽

Safa Gursoy ◽

Özgür Kaya ◽

Murat Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Surface Area ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Total Knee ◽

Lateral Plateau ◽

Gender Groups

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether overhang or underhang around the tibial component that occurs during the placement of tibial baseplates was affected by different slope angles of the tibial plateau and determine the changes in the lateral and medial plateau diameters while changing the slope angle in total knee arthroplasty. Three-dimensional tibia models were reconstructed using the computed tomography scans of 120 tibial dry bones. Tibial plateau slope cuts were performed with 9, 7, 5, 3, and 0 degrees of slope angles 2-mm below the subchondral bone in the deepest point of the medial plateau. Total, lateral, and medial tibial plateau areas and overhang/underhang rates were measured at each cut level. Digital implantations of the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates were made on the tibial plateau with each slope angles. Following the implantations, the slope angle that prevents overhang or underhang at the bone border and the slope angle that has more surface area was identified. A significant increase was noted in the total tibial surface area, lateral plateau surface area, and lateral anteroposterior distance, whereas the slope cut angles were changed from 9 to 0 degrees in both gender groups. It was found that the amount of posteromedial underhang and posterolateral overhang increased in both the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates when the slope angle was changed from 0 to 9 degrees. Although the mediolateral diameter did not change after the proximal tibia cuts at different slope angles, the surface area and anteroposterior diameter of the lateral plateau could change, leading to increased lateral plateau area. Although prosthesis designs are highly compatible with the tibial surface area, it should be noted that the component overhangs, especially beyond the posterolateral edge, it can be prevented by changing the slope cut angle in males and females.

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Moral Development: From Paradigms to Plurality

The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676049.013.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Lene Arnett Jensen

Keyword(s):

Moral Development ◽

Life Course ◽

Human Development ◽

Developmental Pathways ◽

Entire Life ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Diverse Groups

This chapter introduces The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The handbook provides a comprehensive, international, and up-to-date review of research on moral development, including moral motives and behaviors, ontogeny and developmental pathways, and contexts that children, adolescents, and adults experience with respect to morality. Across more than 40 chapters, experts from disciplines such as anthropology, education, human development, psychology, and sociology address moral development through the entire life course among diverse groups within and across countries. This chapter addresses how the chapters provide literature reviews that are inclusive of highly diverse theoretical and research foci, as well as of diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and gender groups. The aim of the handbook is to contribute to the revitalization and flourishing of the field of moral development.

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The Pilot Study of the Hazard Perception Test for Evaluation of the Driver’s Skill Using Virtual Reality

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10091114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1114

Author(s):

Tatsunori Sawada ◽

Hiroki Uda ◽

Akira Suzuki ◽

Kounosuke Tomori ◽

Kanta Ohno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Limited Range ◽

Chi Square ◽

Hazard Perception ◽

Novice Drivers ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Road Users ◽

Driving Skill ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Gender Groups

Background: Although various technologies are used to evaluate driving skill, there are some limitations such as the limited range of the monitor and the possible risk of causing cybersickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the hazard perception and cybersickness experienced between novice and experienced drivers measured in a VR hazard perception test with a head-mounted display (HMD). Methods: The novice (n = 32) and the experienced drivers (n = 36) participated in the hazard perception test through the VR of an HMD. Results: The total number of identified hazards was 1071 in the novice drivers and 1376 in the experienced drivers. Two of the hazards appeared to be only identifiable through the HMD. A chi-square test revealed that experienced drivers were more likely to identify the hazards than the novice drivers (p < 0.05). The novice drivers appeared to identify “hazard prediction of the current behavior of other road users” more than other hazard types, unlike the experienced group. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire scores indicated no significant difference in the different age or gender groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the VR hazard perception test may be useful for evaluating patients’ driving skills.

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Detecting Discrimination

The Journal of Economic Perspectives ◽

10.1257/jep.12.2.101 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 101-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 456

Author(s):

James J Heckman

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Labor Markets ◽

Labor Market Discrimination ◽

Gender Groups ◽

The Way

The evidence on discrimination produced from the audit method is examined. Audits survey the average firm and not the marginal firm which determines the level of market discrimination. Taken on its own terms, there is little evidence of labor market discrimination from audit methods. The validity of audit methods is critically dependent on unverified assumptions about equality across race/gender groups of the distributions of unobserved (by audit designers) productivity components acted on by firms and about the way labor markets work. Audits can find discrimination when none exists and can disguise it when it does.

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Rate of Prescription of Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x12001392 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 519-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kim Usher ◽

Lawrence H. Brown ◽

Petra Buettner ◽

Beverley Glass ◽

Helen Boon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Drug Prescription ◽

Antidepressant Drugs ◽

Publication Type ◽

Control Drug ◽

General Psychological Distress ◽

Anxiolytic Drugs ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Rule Out

AbstractIntroductionThe need to manage psychological symptoms after disasters can result in an increase in the prescription of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants and anxiolytics. Therefore, an increase in the prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics could be an indicator of general psychological distress in the community.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if there was a change in the rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs following Cyclone Yasi.MethodsA quantitative evaluation of new prescriptions of antidepressants and anxiolytics was conducted. The total number of new prescriptions for these drugs was calculated for the period six months after the cyclone and compared with the same six month period in the preceding year. Two control drugs were also included to rule out changes in the general rate of drug prescription in the affected communities.ResultsAfter Cyclone Yasi, there was an increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs across all age and gender groups in the affected communities except for males 14-54 years of age. The prescription of anxiolytic drugs decreased immediately after the cyclone, but increased by the end of the six-month post-cyclone period. Control drug prescription did not change.ConclusionThere was a quantifiable increase in the prescription of antidepressant drugs following Cyclone Yasi that may indicate an increase in psychosocial distress in the community.UsherK, BrownLH, BuettnerP, GlassB, BoonH, WestC, GrassoJ, Chamberlain-SalaunJ, WoodsC. Rate of prescription of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs after Cyclone Yasi in North Queensland. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-5.

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Individual Physical Activity Behaviour and Group Composition as Determinants of the Effectiveness of a Childhood Obesity Intervention Program

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000512293 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Liesa Marie Lier ◽

Christoph Breuer ◽

Nina Ferrari ◽

David Friesen ◽

Fernanda Maisonave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Program Effectiveness ◽

Physical Activity Behaviour ◽

Control Group ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Physically Active ◽

Gender Groups ◽

Age Range

Introduction: Up to now, there is limited clarity on factors that determine the effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions. Objective: This study intends to uncover individual- and program-level predictors of BMI-SDS and fitness to achieve significant, sustainable health improvements. Methods: Data of 249 children with obesity or overweight who participated in an outpatient multidisciplinary program were analysed and compared to 54 waitlist controls. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between individual- and group-level variables and BMI-SDS and fitness. Results: Among intervention children, BMI-SDS decreased by 0.19 units and physical fitness increased by 11.5%, versus a BMI-SDS decrease of 0.07 and a 1.8% decrease in fitness in the control group. Participants who reported being physically active before the program start achieved greater improvements in BMI-SDS (β = –0.177, p < 0.05) and physical fitness (β = 0.174, p < 0.05) than inactive peers. BMI-SDS decreased significantly more for members of gender-heterogeneous groups (β = 0.194, p < 0.05) with a narrow age range (β = 0.152, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The program under review is effective in counteracting juvenile obesity. The results give reason to believe that forming mixed-gender groups with a small age range and providing increased support for reportedly inactive children may improve program effectiveness.

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