The posterior part influences the anterior part of the mouse cranial base development

Four cone-shaped rectal papillae locate at the anterior part of the rectum in Dacus dorsalis fly. The circular base of the papilla protrudes into the haemolymph (Fig. 1,2) and the rest cone-shaped tip (Fig. 2) inserts in the rectal lumen. The base is surrounded with the cuticle (Fig. 5). The internal structure of the rectal papilla (Fig. 3) comprises of the cortex with the columnar epithelial cells and a rod-shaped medulla. Between them, there is the infundibular space and many trabeculae connect each other. Several tracheae insert into the papilla through the top of the medulla, then run into the cortical epithelium and locate in the intercellular space. The intercellular sinuses distribute in the posterior part of the rectal papilla.The cortex of the base divides into about thirty segments. Between segments there is a radial cell (Fig. 4). Under the cuticle, the apical cell membrane of the cortical epithelium is folded into a regular border of leaflets (Fig. 5).

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The genus Gennadas (Benthesicymidae: Decapoda): morphology of copulatory characters, phylogeny and coevolution of genital structures

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.171288 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 171288 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexander L. Vereshchaka ◽

Anastasia A. Lunina ◽

Jørgen Olesen

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Key To Species ◽

Internal Part ◽

Species Groups ◽

Aristaeomorpha Foliacea ◽

External Part ◽

Scanning Electron

Species within Gennadas differ from each other largely only in male (petasma) and female (thelycum) copulatory characters, which were restudied in scanning electron microscopy and used as a basis for phylogenetic analyses. Twenty-six petasma characters and 49 thelycum characters were identified. All 16 recognized species of Gennadas and Aristaeomorpha foliacea (outgroup) were included as terminals. Four robust monophyletic clades were retrieved, described and diagnosed as new species groups. The thelycum characters had greater impact on tree topology and supported deeper nodes than did the petasma characters. We hypothesize that features of the thelycum evolved first followed by aspects of the petasma. Relatively more conservative characters include parts of the sternites of the thelycum and of the petasma, while the scuti and protuberances on the thelycum and the shape and subdivisions of the petasma lobes are evolutionarily plastic. We identified two groups of copulatory characters, which are likely coupled functionally and interlinked evolutionarily: (i) the external part of the petasma and the posterior part of the thelycum and (ii) the internal part of the petasma and anterior part of the thelycum. We reconstruct possible mating position during copulation for each of the new species groups presented here. We also present an updated key to genera of Benthesicymidae and key to species of Gennadas .

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Interacting functions of snail, twist and huckebein during the early development of germ layers in Drosophila

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.120.5.1137 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. 1137-1150 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. Reuter ◽

M. Leptin

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Early Development ◽

Target Genes ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Germ Layers ◽

Mesoderm Development ◽

Ventral Furrow

Two zygotic genes, snail (sna) and twist (twi), are required for mesoderm development, which begins with the formation of the ventral furrow. Both twi and sna are expressed ventrally in the blastoderm, encode transcription factors and promote the invagination of the ventral furrow by activating or repressing appropriate target genes. However, sna and twi alone do not define the position of the ventral furrow, since they are also expressed in ventral cells that do not invaginate. We show that huckebein (hkb) sets the anterior and the posterior borders of the ventral furrow, but acts by different modes of regulation. In the posterior part of the blastoderm, hkb represses the expression of sna in the endodermal primordium (which we suggest to be adjacent to the mesodermal primordium). In the anterior part, hkb antagonizes the activation of target genes by twi and sna. Here, bicoid permits the co-expression of hkb, sna and twi, which are all required for the development of the anterior digestive tract. We suggest that mesodermal fate is determined where sna and twi but not hkb are expressed. Anteriorly hkb together with sna determines endodermal fate, and hkb together with sna and twi are required for foregut development.

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Anatomy of the Orbit

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (04) ◽

pp. 319-332

Author(s):

Stefan Lieber ◽

Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Microsurgical Anatomy ◽

Orbital Apex ◽

Special Issue ◽

Superior Orbital Fissure ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Transnasal Surgery ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

AbstractThe orbit is a paired, transversely oval, and cone-shaped osseous cavity bounded and formed by the anterior and middle cranial base as well as the viscerocranium. Its main contents are the anterior part of the visual system, globe and optic nerve, and the associated neural, vascular, muscular, glandular, and ligamentous structures required for oculomotion, lacrimation, accommodation, and sensation.A complex stream of afferent and efferent information passes through the orbit, which necessitates a direct communication with the anterior and middle cranial fossae, the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, as well as the aerated adjacent frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses and the nasal cavity.This article provides a detailed illustration and description of the microsurgical anatomy of the orbit, with a focus on the intrinsically complex spatial relationships around the annular tendon and the superior orbital fissure, the transition from cavernous sinus to the orbital apex. Sparse reference will be made to surgical approaches, their indications or limitations, since they are addressed elsewhere in this special issue. Instead, an attempt has been made to highlight anatomical structures and elucidate concepts most relevant to safe and effective transcranial, transfacial, transorbital, or transnasal surgery of orbital, periorbital, and skull base pathologies.

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A new species of Pista Malmgren, 1866 (Polychaeta, Terebellidae) from the north-western Mediterranean Sea

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.838.28634 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 838 ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Céline Labrune ◽

Nicolas Lavesque ◽

Paulo Bonifácio ◽

Pat Hutchings

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Mediterranean Sea ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Single Pair ◽

The North ◽

Western Mediterranean Sea ◽

North Western ◽

A New Species

A new species of Terebellidae, Pistacolinisp. n., has been identified from the harbour of Banyuls-sur-Mer, north-western Mediterranean Sea. This new species was found in very high densities, exclusively in gravelly sand deposited manually, and was not found in the original source habitat of the gravel. This species is characterized by the colour of the ventral shields with pinkish anterior part and a blood red posterior part in live specimens, a pair of unequal-sized plumose branchiae inserted on segment II and anterior thoracic neuropodia with long-handled uncini. The presence of long-handled uncini even in the smallest specimens constitutes the major difference between Pistacolinisp. n. and other Pista species with a single pair of branchiae such as P.lornensis and P.bansei.

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Influence of different orientations and rates of bidirectional distraction osteogenesis of the mandibular corpus: a three-dimensional study.

Journal Of Oral Research ◽

10.17126/joralres.2019.083 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol S (1) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Lamiaa A. Hasan ◽

◽

Nada M. Al-Sayagh ◽

Lara R. Al-Banaa ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distraction Osteogenesis ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Von Mises Stress ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Direction Parallel ◽

Inferior Border ◽

Von Mises

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of mandibular corpus distraction osteogenesis with different orientations and rates. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional model of the mandible was created. The vertical surgical cut was made, the force was applied horizontally in a bidirectional manner within two orientations: parallel to the occlusal plane and parallel to the inferior border of the mandible with three rates (0.5mm, 1mm and 1.5mm). Results: The maximum values for von Mises stress when the force was applied parallel to the inferior border of the mandible with all three rates were smaller than those with force direction parallel to the occlusal plane. The displacement in all three directions x, y, and z were not parallel and prominent in the anterior part of the mandible, while the movement at the posterior part is negligible, x and z displacement were bigger when force was applied parallel to the inferior border of the mandible, z displacement was more prominent than x and y displacement, both directions produced upward rotation of the mandible, this rotation was more noticeable when the force was applied parallel to the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusions: A vertical cut can be used in the patient with a long anterior face. This site of distraction achieves more lengthening of mandible than expansion.

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TERMINOLOGY OF PALEOZOIC PLACODERM FISHES (ANTIARCHI) EXOSKELETAL ELEMENTS

THE LIFE OF THE EARTH ◽

10.29003/m2025.0514-7468.2020_43_2/195-201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 195-201

Author(s):

Sergey Moloshnikov ◽

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Shoulder Girdle ◽

Russian Language ◽

Postcranial Skeleton ◽

Incorrect Conclusion ◽

Similar Term ◽

Early Vertebrates ◽

Language Literature ◽

Dorsal Scute

The terminology and morphology of plates of the posterior part of the antiarch head shield (Placodermi, Antiarchi) are discussed. The terms «zatilochnaya» and «bokovaya (kraevaya) zatilochnaya» was previously accepted in antiarch skulls and are suggested for use in Russian-language literature. These terms are more correct and clearly define a position and development of these plates in the head shield of antiarchs. The titles «zagrivkovaya (nuchalnaya)» and «bokovaya zagrivkovaya (paranuchalnaya)», recently applied to them in Russian-language literature may indicate a connection in development with an anterior part of a trunk. A similar term is used for acipenserid exoskeleton. The acipenserid «nuchalnaya kost’» is located posterior to the «verchnezatilochnaya» (after Gurtovoi), and embryonically developed in an anterior part of the trunk over basidorsals and bones of the shoulder girdle. The name «pervaya spinnaya plastinka» (first dorsal scute: after Hilton and others) is also use for this bone. The term «zagrivkovaya plastinka» is used in other vertebrate skeletons, for example, in turtles; this name denotes the unpaired element of a carapace (postcranial skeleton). Using the terms «zagrivkovaya (nuchalnaya)» and «bokovaya zagrivkovaya (paranuchalnaya)» in the morphology of antiarchs and other placoderms may lead confusion in the terminology of skeletal elements at early vertebrates, incorrect conclusion of their homology, structure and development of the head shield of these unusual fishes.

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Hedgehog organises the pattern and polarity of epidermal cells in the Drosophila abdomen

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.124.11.2143 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 124 (11) ◽

pp. 2143-2154 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

G. Struhl ◽

D.A. Barbash ◽

P.A. Lawrence

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Cell Types ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Concentration Gradients ◽

Cell Pattern ◽

Different Cell Types ◽

Adult Drosophila

The abdomen of adult Drosophila, like that of other insects, is formed by a continuous epithelium spanning several segments. Each segment is subdivided into an anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartment, distinguished by activity of the selector gene engrailed (en) in P but not A compartment cells. Here we provide evidence that Hedgehog (Hh), a protein secreted by P compartment cells, spreads into each A compartment across the anterior and the posterior boundaries to form opposing concentration gradients that organize cell pattern and polarity. We find that anteriorly and posteriorly situated cells within the A compartment respond in distinct ways to Hh: they express different combinations of genes and form different cell types. They also form polarised structures that, in the anterior part, point down the Hh gradient and, in the posterior part, point up the gradient - therefore all structures point posteriorly. Finally, we show that ectopic Hh can induce cells in the middle of each A compartment to activate en. Where this happens, A compartment cells are transformed into an ectopic P compartment and reorganise pattern and polarity both within and around the transformed tissue. Many of these results are unexpected and lead us to reassess the role of gradients and compartments in patterning insect segments.

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MR Imaging of Intra- and Periarticular Cyst-Like Lesions of the Knee Joint in Workers with Occupational Kneeling

International Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.1155/2012/843970 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Søren Rytter ◽

Lilli Kirkeskov Jensen ◽

Jens Peter Bonde ◽

Niels Egund

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Regression Models ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Knee Injuries ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Popliteus Tendon ◽

Cystic Lesions ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fluid Collections

Objective. To determine the risk of intra- and periarticular cyst-like lesions of the knee joint in occupational kneeling.Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging of both knees (n=282) was conducted in 92 male floor layers and 49 male graphic designers (referents), with a mean age of 55.6 years (range 42–70 years). The prevalence of cyst-like lesions was computed among floor layers and graphic designers, respectively, and associations with occupation summarized by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Using logistic regression, models were adjusted for age, body mass index, knee injuries, and knee-straining sports.Results. Floor layers had a significantly higher prevalence of cyst-like lesions in the posterior part of the knee joint compared to graphic designers (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.50–4.84). Floor layers also had a higher prevalence of fluid collections in the popliteus tendon recess (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99–4.77) and large cystic lesions of the popliteus muscle (OR 3.83, 95% CI 0.78–18.89). The prevalence of cystic lesions in the anterior part of the knee joint was low among floor layers (8.7%) and there was no significant difference between the two trade groups (P=0.34).Conclusions. Occupational kneeling increases the risk of cyst-like lesions in the posterior part of the knee joint.

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Etude histologique de la régénération pharyngienne de Syllis gracilis Grube (Annélide, Polychète)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z74-020 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 169-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. Boilly ◽

N. Thibaut

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

The Other ◽

Direct Transformation ◽

Other Hand ◽

To Come ◽

Anterior Regeneration ◽

Radial Muscle

During anterior regeneration of Syllis gracilis Grube (Annelida, Polychaeta), the pharynx (pharyngeal sheath, proboscis, proventricle, and ventricle) completely regenerates. Most of the regenerated pharynx (pharyngeal sheath, proboscis, and proventricle) proceeds from direct transformation of the stomodeal invagination. On the other hand, the ventricle seems to come from both the posterior end of the regenerated proventricle (anterior part of the ventricle) and the intestine of the stump (posterior part of the ventricle corresponding to the ventricular coeca).Tile differentiation of the pharynx is precocious and mainly appears in a particular disposition, and a typical evolution of the cells of the mesodermal sheath surrounding the stomodeal invagination. Starting from the 11th day after amputation, the proventricle differs from the presumptive proboscis by a thick mesodermal sheath which forms the radial muscle cells, the transverse diaphragms, and the peritoneal epithelium. On the other hand, the differentiation of the ventricle comes later (17th day after the section was done).

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