Physiological and behavioral responses of Orchestia gammarellus (Amphipoda, Talitridae) towards trace elements contamination soil

Functional laterality is known as an intrinsic property of the brain. Since several studies have shown the presence of laterality in many species other than humans, it has been suggested that this is an adaptive mechanism to aid survival. Previous studies have shown that lateralized behavior observed during exposure to different environmental stimuli is not constant in normal animals, depending on the geometrical form of the exploratory field. In these exploratory fields, animals showed right- or left-biased exploratory behavior, according to the nature of the geometrical properties of the environment. Previously, it was found that tellurium (Te) was able to block spontaneous left-biased exploration in one defined geometrical environment. In the present work, the influence of Te and selenium (Se) in animals exposed to novel geometrically different environments were studied. Three geometrically different testing fields (square, rectangle, and T-shaped) were presented to Se- and Te-treated groups of rats. The results show that in the square field, only the Se treatment was able to block spontaneous right-biased exploratory responses; in the rectangular field, both Se and Te treatments blocked right-biased exploratory responses, and in the T-shaped field, only Te was able to block spontaneous left-biased exploratory responses. Data suggest that trace elements modify lateralized behavioral responses independently of the form of the novel exploratory field, suggesting the presence of a specific action in the brain.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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Microanalytical Identification of a New Zr-Nb-Fe Phase

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134259 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

O.T. Woo ◽

G.J.C. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Cold Rolling ◽

Proportionality Factor ◽

Tube Material ◽

X Ray ◽

Metal Foils ◽

Arc Melting ◽

Intermetallic Particles ◽

Intermetallic Precipitates ◽

Cold Worked

To study the influence of trace elements on the corrosion and hydrogen ingress in Zr-2.5 Nb pressure tube material, buttons of this alloy containing up to 0.83 at% Fe were made by arc-melting. The buttons were then annealed at 973 K for three days, furnace cooled, followed by ≈80% cold-rolling. The microstructure of cold-worked Zr-2.5 at% Nb-0.83 at% Fe (Fig. 1) contained both β-Zr and intermetallic precipitates in the α-Zr grains. The particles were 0.1 to 0.7 μm in size, with shapes ranging from spherical to ellipsoidal and often contained faults. β-Zr appeared either roughly spherical or as irregular elongated patches, often extending to several micrometres.The composition of the intermetallic particles seen in Fig. 1 was determined using Van Cappellen’s extrapolation technique for energy dispersive X-ray analysis of thin metal foils. The method was employed to avoid corrections for absorption and fluorescence via the Cliff-Lorimer equation: CA/CB = kAB · IA/IB, where CA and CB are the concentrations by weight of the elements A and B, and IA and IB are the X-ray intensities; kAB is a proportionality factor.

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XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163666 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 240-241

Author(s):

D. A. Carpenter ◽

Ning Gao ◽

G. J. Havrilla

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Point Source ◽

Focal Spot ◽

Fluorescence Analysis ◽

X Rays ◽

Focal Distance ◽

Spot Diameter ◽

X Ray ◽

Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

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Trace Elements and Iron in Human Metabolism

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0071330a ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1330-1331

Author(s):

E. D. WILLS

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Human Metabolism

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A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1201.26 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Donald L. McCanna ◽

Giacinto DeLapa

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Early Identification ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Upper Elementary ◽

Elementary Grades ◽

Ability Level ◽

Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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Meat and Meat Products Consumption in Italy: Contribution to Trace Elements, Heme Iron and selected B Vitamins supply

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.74.4.247 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lombardi-Boccia ◽

Lanzi ◽

Lucarini ◽

Di Lullo

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Meat Products ◽

Heme Iron ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Zinc Intake ◽

Consumption Frequency ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Iron Heme ◽

Daily Intakes

This study was undertaken to estimate the contribution of meat and meat products consumption to the daily intakes of trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se), heme iron, and selected B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) in Italy. Meat and meat products were selected on the basis of their consumption frequency reported by the most recent nationwide dietary individual survey carried out in Italy (INN-CA study). The daily intakes of total iron and heme iron were 1.65 and 1.13 mg/person/day. Zinc intake was 3.65 mg/person/day. Beef made the main contribution to iron, heme iron, and zinc daily intakes. Copper daily intake was 107.3 mug/person/day, with meat products provided the highest contribution (40 mug/person/day). Daily intake of selenium (7.14 mug/person/day) was provided mainly by poultry consumption. Thiamine intake was 228 mug/person/day, and meat products were the main source (110 mug/person/day). Riboflavin intake was 136 mug/person/day, with both beef and meat products as the main contributors (40 mug/person/day). Niacin intake was 7.53 mg/person/day, and poultry was the main source (2.28 mg/person/day). Meat and meat products were a valuable source of micronutrients, supplying 47, 48, and 24% of zinc, niacin, and thiamin daily requirements, respectively, and over 10% of iron, copper, selenium, and riboflavin daily average requirement values of the italian RDAs calculated for the population involved in the survey (INN-CA study).

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Olfactory Modulation of Steady- State Visual Evoked Potential Topography in Comparison with Differences in Odor Sensitivity

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.16.2.71 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 71-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caroline M. Owen ◽

John Patterson ◽

Richard B. Silberstein

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Visual Evoked Potential ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Simultaneous Recording ◽

Odor Concentration ◽

Odor Detection ◽

Detection Response ◽

Response Groups ◽

Visual Evoked

Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.

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