scholarly journals The curious case of how mimicking physiological complexity in in vitro models of the human respiratory system influences the inflammatory responses. A preliminary study focused on gold nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dania Movia ◽  
Luisana Di Cristo ◽  
Roaa Alnemari ◽  
Joseph E. McCarthy ◽  
Hanane Moustaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Physiological Complexity ◽  
Human Respiratory System

scholarly journals Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the TLR2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses Induced by Leptospira in TLR2-Overexpressed HEK293 Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Kanidta Sooklert ◽  
Chawikan Boonwong ◽  
Pattama Ekpo ◽  
Rojrit Rojanathanes ◽  
Kanitha Patarakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Tlr2 Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
20 Nm

Leptospira infection can cause potential hazards to human health by stimulating inflammation, which is mediated mainly through the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising for medical applications, as they display both bioinert and noncytotoxic characteristics. AuNPs have been shown to have the ability to modify immune responses. To understand the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of AuNPs in a Leptospira infection model, the activation of TLR2 expression was examined in HEK-Blue-hTLR2 cells treated with Leptospira serovars and/or AuNPs (10 and 20 nm). The ability of AuNPs to modulate an inflammatory response induced by Leptospira was examined in terms of transcript expression level modulation of three proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) using two-stage quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. The results revealed that the administration of 10 nm AuNPs could augment the Leptospira-induced TLR2 signaling response and upregulate the expression of all three cytokine gene transcripts, whereas the 20 nm AuNPs attenuated the TLR2 activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. This indicates that AuNPs can modulate inflammatory parameters in Leptospira infection and different-sized AuNPs had different immunomodulatory functions in this model.

scholarly journals Lipid Annotation by Combination of UHPLC-HRMS (MS), Molecular Networking, and Retention Time Prediction: Application to a Lipidomic Study of In Vitro Models of Dry Eye Disease

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Magny ◽  
Anne Regazzetti ◽  
Karima Kessal ◽  
Gregory Genta-Jouve ◽  
Christophe Baudouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Chromatographic Behavior ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Molecular Networking

Annotation of lipids in untargeted lipidomic analysis remains challenging and a systematic approach needs to be developed to organize important datasets with the help of bioinformatic tools. For this purpose, we combined tandem mass spectrometry-based molecular networking with retention time (tR) prediction to annotate phospholipid and sphingolipid species. Sixty-five standard compounds were used to establish the fragmentation rules of each lipid class studied and to define the parameters governing their chromatographic behavior. Molecular networks (MNs) were generated through the GNPS platform using a lipid standards mixture and applied to lipidomic study of an in vitro model of dry eye disease, i.e., human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells exposed to hyperosmolarity (HO). These MNs led to the annotation of more than 150 unique phospholipid and sphingolipid species in the HCE cells. This annotation was reinforced by comparing theoretical to experimental tR values. This lipidomic study highlighted changes in 54 lipids following HO exposure of corneal cells, some of them being involved in inflammatory responses. The MN approach coupled to tR prediction thus appears as a suitable and robust tool for the discovery of lipids involved in relevant biological processes.

scholarly journals Microcystin-LR Does Not Alter Cell Survival and Intracellular Signaling in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Brózman ◽  
Barbara Kubickova ◽  
Pavel Babica ◽  
Petra Laboha
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Changes in ecological and environmental factors lead to an increased occurrence of cyanobacterial water blooms, while secondary metabolites-producing cyanobacteria pose a threat to both environmental and human health. Apart from oral and dermal exposure, humans may be exposed via inhalation and/or swallowing of contaminated water and aerosols. Although many studies deal with liver toxicity, less information about the effects in the respiratory system is available. We investigated the effects of a prevalent cyanotoxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), using respiratory system-relevant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. The expression of specific organic-anion-transporting polypeptides was evaluated, and the western blot analysis revealed the formation and accumulation of MC-LR protein adducts in exposed cells. However, MC-LR up to 20 μM neither caused significant cytotoxic effects according to multiple viability endpoints after 48-h exposure, nor reduced impedance (cell layer integrity) over 96 h. Time-dependent increase of putative MC-LR adducts with protein phosphatases was not associated with activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 during 48-h exposure in HBE cells. Future studies addressing human health risks associated with inhalation of toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins should focus on complex environmental samples of cyanobacterial blooms and alterations of additional non-cytotoxic endpoints while adopting more advanced in vitro models.

Fish cell cultures as in vitro models of pro-inflammatory responses elicited by immunostimulants

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fierro-Castro ◽  
L. Barrioluengo ◽  
P. López-Fierro ◽  
B.E. Razquin ◽  
B. Carracedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Fish Cell

scholarly journals Mimicking the human respiratory system: Online in vitro cell exposure for toxicity assessment of welding fume aerosol

2020 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
pp. 122687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan X. Ward ◽  
Trevor B. Tilly ◽  
Syeda Irsa Mazhar ◽  
Sarah E. Robinson ◽  
Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Welding Fume ◽  
Human Respiratory System

An innovative method for exhaust gases toxicity evaluation in the miniature turbojet engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Gawron ◽  
Tomasz Białecki ◽  
Anna Janicka ◽  
Aleksander Górniak ◽  
Maciej Zawiślak
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Human Respiratory System

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment method of the toxicity emission evaluation during combustion in the miniature turbojet engine. Design/methodology/approach A small-scale turbojet engine was used for the research because measurements on real aircraft turbines are complex and expensive. The experiment was performed in accordance with innovative BAT – CELL Bio – Ambient Cell method which consists of determination of virtual toxic impact of the gas mixture on the living cells; it is therefore a direct method. The most significant innovation of this method is that, during the test, which consists of exposing the cells to the gas mixture, the cells are deprived of culture fluid. Findings The preliminary analysis shows that the method used here allows to determine the virtual impact of the gases on the human respiratory system and skin. It could be useful in defining the arduousness of an airport. The obtained results show that both of exhaust gases represent similar toxicity. Practical implications The new in vitro method allows to determine the virtual impact of the gases on the human respiratory system and skin. Significant potential for further research not only on the miniaturised engines, but also in the case of real objects, as this method does not have to be performed in a laboratory. Originality/value The work presents potential application of the innovatory method for exhaust gases toxicity evaluation in jet engines, which could be useful in defining the arduousness of an airport.

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