High prevalence of enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in a low-income area in Vitória, Southeastern Brazil

Background Infection with viruses especially rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus has been known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age globally, particularly in developing countries. Also, some genotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) have been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of EV in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis. Methods A total of 1,736 fecal specimens were collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were tested for the presence of EV by RT-PCR of the 5′ untranslated region. The genotypes of EV were further identified by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Results EV was detected in 154 out of 1,736 specimens (8.9%) throughout the study period. The prevalence of EV detected in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 7.2%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. EV was detected all year round with a high prevalence during rainy season in Thailand. Overall, 37 genotypes of EV were identified in this study. Among these, coxsackievirus (CV)-A24 and CV-B5 (7.5% each), and EV-C96 (6.8%) were the common genotypes detected. Conclusion This study demonstrates the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and genotype diversity of EV circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the period 2015 to 2018.

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Relationship of Scabies With Pioderma: As a Risk Factor

SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE ◽

10.32539/sjm.v1i1.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Yulia Farida Yahya ◽

Fifa Argentina ◽

Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Elementary School ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Low Income ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Scabies Infestation

Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin, that is affecting on the low income and crowded community in many tropical countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. Scabies infestation increases the incidence of secondary pyoderma include impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, ecthyma, abscess. Secondary pyoderma is a skin infection disease mainly caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Pyoderma is a risk factor for the glomerulonephritis infection, rheumatic diseases, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality, causing the government burden. The aim of this study is determining the etiology and correlation of pyoderma infection in scabies patient. To determine sosio-demographic included sex, age in pediatric patients in primary schools (SD) in the district of Kertapati Palembang. The study design was cross sectional, and study samples were new scabies patients in the elementary school (age 6-14-year-old) with or without pyoderma. Clinical findings included history, physical examination and diagnostic procedure, which was investigation of skin scraping specimen material (SSB = skin surface biopsy) in confirmation with dermoscopic polar examination (DS) to show Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Microbiological examination with Gram stain identified the etiology of pyoderma. Results of this study shows that there was a significance relationship between scabies infestation and pyoderma in children in elementary school. Staphylococcus aureus dan GAS are the most common caused of pyoderma in pediatric patients with scabies. Conclusion is there is a significant correlation between scabies and pyoderma. There is a need to provide scabies and pyoderma medication at primary care health center as well as counseling for prevention in Palembang area with crowded population periodically.

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Human bocavirus genotypes 1, 2, and 3 circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2012–2018

Journal of Infection and Public Health ◽

10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 179-186

Author(s):

Nattika Nantachit ◽

Pakawat Kochjan ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Kattareeya Kumthip ◽

Niwat Maneekarn

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Chiang Mai

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Molecular epidemiology of norovirus from patients with acute gastroenteritis in northwestern Spain

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000740 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

C. F. MANSO ◽

J. L. ROMALDE

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Genetic Drift ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Capsid Gene ◽

High Prevalence ◽

High Incidence ◽

Northwestern Spain

SUMMARYThe high incidence of norovirus (NoV) infections seems to be related to the emergence of new variants that evolved by genetic drift of the capsid gene. In this work, that represents a first effort to describe the molecular epidemiology of NoV in the northwest of Spain, a total of eight different NoV genotypes (GII.1, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.12, GII.13, GII.14) were detected. The major genotypes observed were GII.4 (45·42%) and GII.14 (34·9%), being detected in all age groups. In addition, and although most of GII.4 sequences belonged to 2006b (7·2%) and 2010 (50·35%) variants, the presence of new NoV variants was observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a high number of GII.4 sequences (35·24%) could be assigned to the newly emerging Sydney 2012 variant, even during late 2010. The high prevalence of NoV GII.14 observed in this study may indicate the emergence of this genotype in Spain.

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Living conditions and receptive vocabulary of children aged two to five years

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102005000500005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 725-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Carmen Sílvia Basílio ◽

Rosana Fiorini Puccini ◽

Edina Mariko Koga da Silva ◽

Márcia Regina Marcondes Pedromônico

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Test Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Education Level ◽

Receptive Vocabulary ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

OBJECTIVE: To assess the receptive vocabulary of children aged between two years and six months and five years and eleven months who were attending childcare centers and kindergarten schools. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the municipality of Embu, Southeastern Brazil. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and analysis of factors associated with children's performance were applied. The sample consisted of 201 children of both genders, aged between two and six years. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis and logistic regression model. The dependent variable analyzed was test performance and the independent variables were child's age, mother's level of education and family socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: It was observed that 44.3% of the children had performances in the test that were below what would be expected for their age. The factors associated with the best performances in the test were child's age (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) and mother's education level (OR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Mother's education level is important for child's language development. Settings such as childcare and kindergarten schools are protective factors for child development in families of low income and education.

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Clinical features and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in pediatric patients with tic disorders: A retrospective chart review study from South Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29173/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eu Gene Park ◽

Young-Hoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Functional Impairments ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Tic Severity ◽

Lip Movement ◽

The Mean ◽

Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities

Abstract Background: Tic disorders are childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by multiple motor or vocal tics with frequent comorbidities and a broad spectrum of phenotypic presentations. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions in pediatric patients with tic disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 119 pediatric patients (89 males, 30 females) who were diagnosed with tic disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) at Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Republic of Korea, between January 2012 and July 2019.Results: The mean age of tic onset was 6.9 years (range, 1–14) and the mean age at diagnosis was 8 years (range, 1–17). The mean lag between tic onset and diagnosis was 13.3 months (range, 0.25–132). The most common, first-presenting tics were eye blinking (50.4%), followed by jaw or lip movement (29.4%) and throat clearing (29.4%). Thirty-seven (31.1%) patients had at least one co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder at the time of tic diagnosis. Subtypes of tic disorders, types of initial tics, and presence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities were not associated with tic severity. Tic severity was associated with greater functional impairment and tic noticeability (p <0.05). A relatively shorter time to diagnosis was associated with tic severity (Spearman’s ρ = –0.14, p = 0.11).Conclusions: The evolving nature of tic expression and severity, high prevalence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and associated functional impairments emphasize the importance of comprehensive assessment during the disease course for determining and prioritizing goals of treatment.

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The Everlasting Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico

10.21203/rs.3.rs-195231/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irving Armando Domínguez-Varela

Keyword(s):

Federal Government ◽

Latin American ◽

Low Income ◽

Degenerative Diseases ◽

Global Problem ◽

Job Opportunities ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Latin American Countries

Abstract In Mexico, like other Latin American countries, they have been among the most affected worldwide. And not only COVID-19 attacked us, but also political problems, crime, the high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, the lack of job opportunities for families with low income and the lack of seriousness on part of a federal government facing a global problem. COVID-19 cases and deaths continue rising, better strategies, unity, leadership and a little of patience is needed to get ahead this never-ending crisis.

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