scholarly journals The role of teleconnection patterns in the variability and trends of growing season indices across Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Craig ◽  
Richard P. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns

Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Ana Barros ◽  
Marta Pitarch-Bielsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Berry Ripening ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Stress Signals

BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION BEHAVIOUR OF ALLANTOIN IN THE UNDERGROUND PHYTOMASS OF THE BORAGINACEAE FAMILY AND ITS ROLE IN ADAPTING THE PLANTS TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Tamakhina ◽  
A. A. Akhkubekova ◽  
A. B. Ittiev
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
The Family

Aim.The aim of the work described herein was to study the dynamics of allantoin accumulation in the underground phytomass ofEchium vulgareL.,Symphytum caucasicumM. Bieb. andS. asperumLepech. as well as to clarify the role of allantoin in plant adaptation to stress factors.Methods.We studied the roots of plants growing in the foothill (Nalchik, 490–512 m above sea level) and the mountain zones of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Terskol village, 2530 m above sea level; Verkhnyaya Balkaria village, 2680 m above sea level). The roots were collected at the stages of rosetting, flowering, fruiting and at the end of the growing season. Aqueous-alcoholic extracts of shredded roots were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results.The highest content of allantoin in the roots ofEchium vulgare,Symphytum caucasicum,S. asperumplants was noted at the end of the growing season, respectively 0.915; 0.342–0.658; 2,842–3,426%. Under conditions of low temperatures and increased solar radiation, the content of allantoin in the roots increases 1.2–1.9 times as compared with the plants of the foothill zone.Conclusion.Allantoin plays an important role in the process of adapting species of the family Boraginaceae to oxidative stress caused by hypothermia and increased solar radiation.

The role of seed reproduction in the dynamics of established populations of Hieracium floribundum and a comparison with that of vegetative reproduction

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3022-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
H. M. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Density Patch

In the crowded parts of patches of Hieracium floribundum Wimm. and Grab., which were established for at least a decade in an ungrazed pasture, 7–10% of the population (3700 individuals/m2) flowered. Of the plants that flowered, 94% were alive a year later, but only 5% of these flowered. Abortion of flower heads was common; one half of all those which were initiated in early June had aborted by flowering time in early July. Freshly dispersed seed had a viability of 57%, which was reduced to 17% a year later, after its storage close to the soil surface. Less than 6% of the viable seed was innately dormant. Dry, laboratory-stored seed retained its viability for the year but was slower to germinate than soil-stored seed. In field conditions, germination was temperature inhibited during most of the growing season. Maximum daytime microsite temperatures of less than 32 °C, which is necessary for germination, were found to occur only in early spring and late fall. Successful seedling establishment accounts for 1% of the individuals in a crowded population. Based on the maximum sexual reproduction from plants in crowded populations, a seed has a probability of 1 in 20 000 of becoming an established seedling. A model of population dynamics in a high-density patch traces the fate of seedling establishment, surviving adults, and stolon-derived rosettes for a single year.

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza influence growth but not mineral concentrations in seedlings of eight sweetgum families

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Schultz ◽  
P. P. Kormanik ◽  
W. C. Bryan ◽  
G. H. Brister
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Seedlings of eight half-sib sweetgum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) families were grown for 6 months in a fumigated soil mixture, with or without inoculum from a mixture of Glomusmosseae and Glomusetunicatus fungi, at levels of 140, 280, 560, and 1120 kg/ha of 10–10–10 fertilizer. All seedlings received three additions of 187 kg/ha of N during the growing season. Inoculated seedlings had significantly greater biomass, height, and stem diameters at each fertilizer level than nonmycorrhizal control seedlings. Significant differences in growth occurred between families in mycorrhizal plants. However, fertilizer did not significantly affect growth or nutrient uptake of the seedlings. Inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi did not increase N, P, K, or Mg concentrations in the leaves, stems, or roots. Leaves of VA mycorrhizal seedlings had higher concentrations of calcium but stems and roots had lower concentrations of this element than the nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Seedlings with endomycorrhizae contained higher absolute quantities of each nutrient simply because of their greater biomass. The results suggest that the role of VA mycorrhizal fungi in the initial growth of sweetgum seedlings may be the result of physiological stimuli other than increased nutrient uptake.

Radiocarbon Verification of the Earliest Astro-Chronological Datum

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
Ezra S Marcus ◽  
Michael W Dee ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
Thomas F G Higham ◽  
Andrew J Shortland
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractPapyri 10012A and 10012B from Illahun, Egypt, provide the earliest astro-chronological datum in history and, while calculated to various years in the 19th century BCE, have never been independently verified. As this datum enables the Middle Kingdom (MK) section of Egyptian historical chronology to be anchored in absolute time, it establishes the principal calendrical timeline for the eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age in the first half of the 2nd millennium BCE. AMS radiocarbon measurements of Papyrus 10012B establish its date range to 1886–1750 BCE, confirming the astronomical calculations and the essential reliability of Egyptian historical chronology for this period. Furthermore, all three leading estimates for the calendar year attribution of the document are supported by this analysis, with the role of a possible growing season effect determining which is most favored.

scholarly journals An unusual kind of diurnal streamflow variation

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Jaime G. Cuevas ◽  
José L. Arumí ◽  
Alejandra Zúñiga-Feest ◽  
Christian Little
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Swamp Forest

Abstract During hydrological research in a Chilean swamp forest, we noted a pattern of higher streamflows close to midday and lower ones close to midnight, the opposite of an evapotranspiration (Et)-driven cycle. We analyzed this diurnal streamflow signal (DSS), which appeared mid-spring (in the growing season). The end of this DSS coincided with a sustained rain event in autumn, which deeply affected stream and meteorological variables. A survey along the stream revealed that the DSS maximum and minimum values appeared 6 and 4 hours earlier, respectively, at headwaters located in the mountain forests/ plantations than at the control point in the swamp forest. Et in the swamp forest was higher in the morning and in the late afternoon, but this process could not influence the groundwater stage. Trees in the mountain headwaters reached their maximum Ets in the early morning and/or close to midday. Our results suggest that the DSS is a wave that moves from forests high in the mountains towards lowland areas, where Et is decoupled from the DSS. This signal delay seems to convert the link between streamflow and Et in an apparent, but spurious positive relationship. It also highlights the role of landscape heterogeneity in shaping hydrological processes.

scholarly journals Peranan Amelioran Pupuk Organik terhadap Hasil Padi pada Musim Tanam Kedua di Lahan Kering Ngawen Gunungkidul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arif Anshori ◽  
Agung Iswadi ◽  
Sunarya Sunarya ◽  
Damasus Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Special Region

<em>Rice</em><em> </em><em>cultivation</em><em> in the second growing season in dry land at Gunungkidul Special Region of Yogyakarta requires additional irrigation and improvement of physical, chemical and biological soil properties. This study aimed to determine the role of organic fertilizer ameliorant on rice yields during second growing season in dry land. The research was conducted in Sambirejo Watusigar Ngawen Gunungkidul Special Region of Yogyakarta during second growing season from March to July 2019. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 treatments in the form of no ameliorant, ameliorant of 2 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> and ameliorant 4 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, with 5 replications. The results showed that the use of ameliorant 2 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> produced rice 5.64 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> and ameliorant 4 tons ha<sup>-1</sup> produced rice 6.04 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>, which was significantly higher than without ameliorant which only produced 5.29 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> of rice.</em>

scholarly journals 794 PB 062 THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN MAGNESIUM TRANS LOCATION IN MUSCADINES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 547a-547
Author(s):  
Creiehton L. Gunton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The role of phosphorus (P) in magnesium (Mg) translocation from roots to leaves of muscadines (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) was investigated in shadehouse experiments. Vines of 13 clones were grown for two seasons in sand culture fertilized with nutrient solutions containing no P (-P), 20 PPM P (+P), and -P plus P added during the two weeks before harvest (-P+P). Leaves were sampled at the end of each growing season and in July of the second year and analyzed for P, potassium (K), and Mg content. Mg and K contents of roots were determined at the end of the second year. No interactions occurred between clones and P fertilization levels for Mg or K content, indicating no differences among clones in response of these minerals to P treatments. Leaf Mg content was slightly but significantly lower for -P than +P treatments in the `92 and July `93 samples but about rhe same in September `93. Root Mg content in September `93 was higher for +P than -P or -P+P. No evidence was found that Mg translocation from root to leaves was mediated by P. No Mg deficiency symptoms were visible on the leaves for any treatment.

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