The effect of dietary fiber on gut barrier function, gut microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids, inflammation and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Can Wang ◽  
Yu‐yu Wang ◽  
Li‐li Wang ◽  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

scholarly journals Effect of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized cohort studies

Critical Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Papoutsi ◽  
Vassilis G. Giannakoulis ◽  
Eleni Xourgia ◽  
Christina Routsi ◽  
Anastasia Kotanidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Detectable Difference

Abstract Background Although several international guidelines recommend early over late intubation of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this issue is still controversial. We aimed to investigate the effect (if any) of timing of intubation on clinical outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched, while references and preprint servers were explored, for relevant articles up to December 26, 2020, to identify studies which reported on mortality and/or morbidity of patients with COVID-19 undergoing early versus late intubation. “Early” was defined as intubation within 24 h from intensive care unit (ICU) admission, while “late” as intubation at any time after 24 h of ICU admission. All-cause mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) were the primary outcomes of the meta-analysis. Pooled risk ratio (RR), pooled mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020222147). Results A total of 12 studies, involving 8944 critically ill patients with COVID-19, were included. There was no statistically detectable difference on all-cause mortality between patients undergoing early versus late intubation (3981 deaths; 45.4% versus 39.1%; RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99–1.15, p = 0.08). This was also the case for duration of MV (1892 patients; MD − 0.58 days, 95% CI − 3.06 to 1.89 days, p = 0.65). In a sensitivity analysis using an alternate definition of early/late intubation, intubation without versus with a prior trial of high-flow nasal cannula or noninvasive mechanical ventilation was still not associated with a statistically detectable difference on all-cause mortality (1128 deaths; 48.9% versus 42.5%; RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99–1.25, p = 0.08). Conclusions The synthesized evidence suggests that timing of intubation may have no effect on mortality and morbidity of critically ill patients with COVID-19. These results might justify a wait-and-see approach, which may lead to fewer intubations. Relevant guidelines may therefore need to be updated.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Romano ◽  
George M. Savva ◽  
Janis R. Bedarf ◽  
Ian G. Charles ◽  
Falk Hildebrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Status

AbstractThe gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked gut microbes to Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptomatology and pathophysiology. PD is often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the enteric nervous system accompany the disease. Several studies have analyzed the gut microbiome in PD, but a consensus on the features of the PD-specific microbiota is missing. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis re-analyzing the ten currently available 16S microbiome datasets to investigate whether common alterations in the gut microbiota of PD patients exist across cohorts. We found significant alterations in the PD-associated microbiome, which are robust to study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences in microbiome structure between PD and controls are small. Enrichment of the genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium and depletion of bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family and the Faecalibacterium genus, both important short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged as the most consistent PD gut microbiome alterations. This dysbiosis might result in a pro-inflammatory status which could be linked to the recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms affecting PD patients.

scholarly journals Dietary fiber intervention on gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel So ◽  
Kevin Whelan ◽  
Megan Rossi ◽  
Mark Morrison ◽  
Gerald Holtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Short-chain fatty acids, prebiotics, synbiotics, and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. ajcn156265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca F McLoughlin ◽  
Bronwyn S Berthon ◽  
Megan E Jensen ◽  
Katherine J Baines ◽  
Lisa G Wood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Gut Microbiota, Diet, and Heart Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M W Wong ◽  
Amin Esfahani ◽  
Natasha Singh ◽  
Christopher R Villa ◽  
Arash Mirrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Diets ◽  
Systemic Health

Abstract Modulation of the gut microbiota is an area of growing interest, particularly for its link to improving and maintaining the systemic health of the host. It has been suggested to have potential to reduce risk factors associated with chronic diseases, such as elevated cholesterol levels in coronary heart disease (CHD). Diets of our evolutionary ancestors were largely based on plant foods, high in dietary fiber and fermentable substrate, and our gut microbiota has evolved against a background of such diets. Therapeutic diets that mimic plant-based diets from the early phases of human evolution may result in drug-like cholesterol reductions. In contrast, typical Western diets low in dietary fiber and fermentable substrate, and high in saturated and trans fatty acids, are likely contributors to the increased need for pharmacological agents for cholesterol reduction. The gut microbiota of those consuming a Western diet are likely underutilized and depleted of metabolic fuels, resulting in a less than optimal gut microbial profile. As a result, this diet is mismatched to our archaic gut microbiota and, therefore, to our genome, which has changed relatively little since humans first appeared. While the exact mechanism by which the gut microbiota may modulate cholesterol levels still remains uncertain, end products of bacterial fermentation, particularly the short chain fatty acids (i.e., propionate), have been suggested as potential candidates. While more research is required to clarify the potential link between gut microbiota and CHD risk reduction, consuming a therapeutic diet rich in plant foods, dietary fiber, and fermentable substrate would be a useful strategy for improving systemic health, possibly by altering the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Regulation—Current Status in Human Randomized Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari C. W. Myhrstad ◽  
Hege Tunsjø ◽  
Colin Charnock ◽  
Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

New knowledge about the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host’s metabolic regulation has emerged during the last few decades. Several factors may affect the composition of the gut microbiota, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but it is acted upon by gut microbes, and metabolites like short-chain fatty acids are produced. The short-chain fatty acids may be absorbed into the circulation and affect metabolic regulation in the host or be a substrate for other microbes. Some studies have shown improved insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reduced inflammation with increases in gut-derived short-chain fatty acids, all of which may reduce the risk of developing metabolic diseases. To what extent a dietary intervention with fiber may affect the human gut microbiota and hence metabolic regulation, is however, currently not well described. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary fiber on gut microbiota and metabolic regulation. Metabolic regulation is discussed with respect to markers relating to glycemic regulation and lipid metabolism. Taken together, the papers on which the current review is based, suggest that dietary fiber has the potential to change the gut microbiota and alter metabolic regulation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a firm conclusion describing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and metabolic regulation remains elusive.

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