scholarly journals From adorable to worthless: implicit and self‐report structure of highly evaluative personality descriptors

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Benet‐Martínez ◽  
Niels G. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Personality Perception ◽  
Personality Judgments ◽  
Evaluative Terms ◽  
Representative Samples

So‐called highly ‘evaluative’ personality judgments (e.g. describing someone as exceptional, odd, or vile,) are an integral component of people's daily judgments of themselves and others. However, little is known about the conceptual structure, psychological function, and personality‐relevance of these kinds of attribution. Two studies were conducted to explore the internal (i.e. implicit) and external (i.e. self‐report) structure of highly evaluative terms. Factor analyses of semantic‐similarity sortings and self‐reports on several representative samples of highly evaluative personality adjectives yielded internal and external structures that were very similar. Both types of structure included five dimensions representing distinction, worthlessness, depravity, unconventionality, and stupidity. The robustness of the uncovered dimensions across the two studies suggests that typically excluded highly evaluative personality terms, far from being behaviorally ambiguous and psychologically uninformative, allude to meaningful dispositions that people both implicitly understand and possess to different degrees. These findings also suggest that highly evaluative personality judgments are organized around the basic domains of morality (i.e. depravity), power (distinction and worthlessness), peculiarity (unconventionality), and intelligence (stupidity). We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of self‐ and other‐esteem processes, personality perception, and the Big Seven factor model of personality. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Processes of Emotion Communication and Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Crowe ◽  
Vaishali V. Raval ◽  
Shwetang S. Trivedi ◽  
Suchi S. Daga ◽  
Pratiksha H. Raval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Control ◽  
Report Measure

Emotional expression and experience are dynamic processes that vary within and between individuals of different cultural groups ( Kitayama, Mesquita, & Karasawa, 2006 ). The present study sought to compare self-reports of processes related to emotion communication and control in India and the United States. A total of 268 participants (United States: n = 160 and India: n = 108) completed a self-report measure depicting hypothetical vignettes and a series of questions assessing likely emotions elicited, likelihood of expression, motives guiding expression and control, and method of expression. Results showed that US participants primarily reported more self-focused emotions (i.e., happiness) and self- and other-focused motives for expressing or controlling felt emotion, while Indian participants primarily reported emotions that focused on others’ well-being as well as other- and relationship-focused motives. US participants more commonly reported direct verbal communication of the emotion, while Indian participants more frequently reported implicit and contextual methods of communication.

Validation of the Swedish Version of the NEO-PI–R: Correlations between Self-Reports and College Peer Ratings

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Westerlund ◽  
Niklas Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Swedish Version ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Validity Tests

The NEO-PI–R has been one of the standard tools for measuring the Five Factor Model. Validity tests of the Swedish version of the NEO-PI-R have previously been limited to factor analyses and to testing the inventory's congruent validity using Hogan's Personality Inventory and the Karolinska Scales of Personality. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the validity of the NEO-PI–R. 53 pairs of volunteer college students who were peers (77 women, 29 men; M age = 27.3 yr., SD = 7) from the Department of Psychology at Stockholm University rated themselves both on the NEO-PI–R and on single statements taken from the NEO-PI–R Summary feedback sheet as well as rating their respective peers on a short version of the NEO-PI–R and on single statements taken from the NEO-PI–R Summary feedback sheet. The pattern of correlations indicated some support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the Swedish version of the NEO-PI–R.

A self-report scale predictive of drug compliance in schizophrenics: reliability and discriminative validity

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Hogan ◽  
A. G. Awad ◽  
Robin Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Neuroleptic Treatment ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Item Scale

SynopsisSchizophrenic patients' self-reports of their experience of neuroleptic treatment were used as the basis for the construction of a scale predictive of drug compliance. Reliability analysis of the responses of 150 patients indicated high internal consistency in the 30-item scale, and preliminary validation in the form of discriminant classification accurately assigned 89% of the sample to compliant and non-compliant groupings. Both discriminant and factor analyses suggest that maximum variability in responding is accounted for by items reflecting how the patient feels on medication, rather than what he knows or believes about medication.

scholarly journals Binge-Watching: Development and Validation of the Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Forte ◽  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Domenico Tedeschi ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Multiple Episodes

The approach to the vision of TV series has deeply changed in the last years, and watching multiple episodes of TV content in a single session becomes a popular viewing pattern referred as binge-watching. Early studies defined binge-watching as a potentially addictive behavior showing characteristics similar to other behavioral addictions, such as loss of control and pleasure anticipation. This study aims to validate a short self-report questionnaire focused on assessing binge-watching behavior and determining whether it shows characteristics similar to addictive behavior, the Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire (BWAQ). An online survey was adopted to administer the questionnaire in the general population (N = 1277). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses assessed both the validity and the structure of the scale in two independent samples. The statistical analyses confirmed a four-factor model (i.e., “Craving”, “Dependency”, “Anticipation”, “Avoidance”) of the BWAQ with good psychometric properties. The BWAQ can differentiate between people who adopt maladaptive watching activities from those who use TV-series as leisure and entertainment activities. Therefore, this questionnaire may enable researchers to improve this emerging field of research significantly.

Validation of the French Version of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Rossier ◽  
Vincent Quartier ◽  
Raluca Enescu ◽  
Alex Iselin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
French Version ◽  
Personality Inventory For Children ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Dutch Sample ◽  
Cross Language

Abstract. The study was designed to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version and the cross-language replicability of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC). The HiPIC is an instrument to assess the five dimensions of the five-factor model for children. Subjects were 552 children aged between 8 and 12 years, rated by one or both parents. At the domain level, reliability ranged from .83 to .93 and at the facet level, reliability ranged from .69 to .89. Differences between genders were congruent with those found in the Dutch sample. Girls scored higher on Benevolence and Conscientiousness. Age was negatively correlated with Extraversion and Imagination. For girls, we also observed a decrease of Emotional Stability. A series of exploratory factor analyses confirmed the overall five-factor structure for girls and boys. Targeted factor analyses and congruence coefficients revealed high cross-language replicability at the domain and at the facet levels. The results showed that the French version of the HiPIC is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing personality with children and has a particularly high cross-language replicability.

scholarly journals An experimental investigation of drunk personality using self and observer reports

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rachel Winograd
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Alcohol Condition ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Research has shown that drinkers' "typical drunk personalities" are different from their "typical sober personalities"on each factor of the Five-Factor Model (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness). The aim of the current study was to test if these changes can reliably be observed by trained raters during a drinking episode. Participants (N = 156) attended laboratory sessions in same-sex friend groups of 3 to 4 people (43 groups). Half of the groups were administered alcohol (target BAC = .09). Participants engaged in activities designed to elicit a range of personality expression. All sessions were recorded and multiple trained raters (M = 6.96) completed three personality measures based on the footage. Additionally, participants completed self- reports of their “typical” sober and drunk personalities two weeks prior to their sessions, as well as two short personality measures during the session. Results indicate consistent differences in personality among sober and drunk participants across measures, but the nature of the differences varied by reporter (self vs. observer). Specifically, across three scales, observers rated participants in the Alcohol condition higher in Extraversion, but similarly in most other factors (on one measure, Neuroticism was lower in the Alcohol condition). Among the two self-report measures, four and five of the factors demonstrated reliable differences, with Conscientiousness, Intellect, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness (on the pre-session retrospective measure only) reportedly decreasing with intoxication, and Extraversion increasing. These findings demonstrate that self-perceptions of sober-to- drunk personality differences are more pervasive than observer-perceptions, but that alcohol-induced changes in Extraversion are robust enough to be detected across measures and reporters.

scholarly journals The 21-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-21): An alternative three-factor model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-246
Author(s):  
Máté Kapitány-Fövény ◽  
Róbert Urbán ◽  
Gábor Varga ◽  
Marc N. Potenza ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impulsivity ◽  
Three Factor

AbstractBackground and aimsDue to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples.MethodsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765).ResultsAnalyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model.DiscussionThe new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples.

A Five-Factor Theory Perspective on the Rorschach

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stability And Convergence ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Observer Ratings

Many of the constructs the Rorschach is used to assess are related to personality traits included in the Five-Factor Model, but studies to date have not shown convergence between Rorschach and self-report measures of these traits. This poses a problem for the Rorschach, because recent research on the universality, stability, heritability, and consensual validity of traits demonstrate that self-report measures cannot be dismissed. In an effort to understand these issues, we examine the Rorschach from the perspective of Five-Factor Theory (FFT), a systems model of the person. FFT is compatible with the projective hypothesis, but would generally lead to the expectation that Rorschach signs and self-reports should be correlated. Where they are not, the validity of Rorschach measures of personality traits would need to be confirmed by demonstrations of their heritability, stability, and convergence with observer ratings. The Rorschach may be more useful when interpreted in the context of a global psychodynamic assessment. Clinicians who use the Rorschach should gather the data necessary to test its validity as a measure of personality traits and related constructs, and clinicians and researchers should consider the possible use of Rorschach responses in assessing dynamic processes.

Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Measure Resilience in Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J.W. Strümpfer
Keyword(s):  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Life Scale

A rationale for using a projective approach, in addition to self-reports, is presented. A resilience exercise is described, consisting of 6 sentences describing adverse situations, in response to which participants write projective stories. A scoring scheme for such stories is introduced. 152 adults ( Mage = 34.28, SD = 9.15; Meduc = 14.55, SD = 2.31) working in organizations, completed the exercise and self-report scales. On the basis of initial scoring by two judges, the scoring scheme was revised to clarify some instructions. On a new sample of 20 protocols a 0.87 agreement between two judges was obtained. One judge then re-scored all protocols on the revised manual. A word count per protocol correlated 0.54 ( p < 0.000) with the total score. Scores per story and scores per scoring category, were corrected for word count, using a regression procedure. The 6 stories all loaded on a single resilience factor. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a 2-factor model to fit the data best, producing factors which measured abstract and concrete aspects. The total resilience score correlated 0.26 ( p < 0.001) with Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence scale (short form) and 0.21 ( p < 0.01) with Diener's Satisfaction with Life scale.

Validity of the Five-Factor Model for the Implicit Self-Concept of Personality

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan C. Schmukle ◽  
Mitja D. Back ◽  
Boris Egloff
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Implicit Personality ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

The authors adapted the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in order to assess the implicit self-concept of personality. In two studies (N = 106 and N = 92), confirmatory factor analyses validated the five-factor model for the implicit personality self-concept. Internal consistencies of the IAT proved satisfactory for all Big Five personality dimensions. Correlations between the personality IAT and different self-report measures of personality were generally small, and significant only for Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Patterns of means and factor intercorrelations were, however, highly similar for implicit and explicit personality measures.

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