Resisting Everything except Temptation: Evidence and an Explanation for Domain–specific Impulsivity

We propose a model of impulsivity that predicts both domain–general and domain–specific variance in behaviours that produce short–term gratification at the expense of long–term goals and standards. Specifically, we posit that domain–general impulsivity is explained by domain–general self–control strategies and resources, whereas domain–specific impulsivity is explained by how tempting individuals find various impulsive behaviours, and to a lesser extent, in perceptions of their long–term harm. Using a novel self–report measure, factor analyses produced six (non–exhaustive) domains of impulsive behaviour (Studies 1–2): work, interpersonal relationships, drugs, food, exercise and finances. Domain–general self–control explained 40% of the variance in domain–general impulsive behaviour between individuals, reffect = .71. Domain–specific temptation ( reffect = .83) and perceived harm ( reffect = −.26) explained 40% and 2% of the unique within–individual variance in impulsive behaviour, respectively (59% together). In Study 3, we recruited individuals in special interest groups (e.g. procrastinators) to confirm that individuals who are especially tempted by behaviours in their target domain are not likely to be more tempted in non–target domains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A self-report measure of perfectionism: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Swedish version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire

Clinical Psychology in Europe ◽

10.32872/cpe.4581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Allison Parks ◽

Jakob Clason van de Leur ◽

Marcus Strååt ◽

Fredrik Elfving ◽

Gerhard Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Self Report ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Structural Validity ◽

Swedish Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Best Fit ◽

Report Measure

Background Perfectionism is often defined as the strive for achievement and high standards, but can also lead to negative consequences. In addition to affecting performance and interpersonal relationships, perfectionism can result in mental distress. A number of different self-report measures have been put forward to assess perfectionism. Specifically intended for clinical practice and research, the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) was developed and is presently available in English and Persian. To promote its use in additional contexts, the current study has translated and investigated the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the CPQ. Method A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to examine the best fit with data, using a priori-models and a sample of treatment-seeking participants screened for eligibility to receive Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (n = 223). Results The results indicated a lack of fit with data. A two-factor structure without the two reversed items (2 and 8) exhibited the best fit, perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, but still had poor structural validity. Correlations with self-report measures of perfectionism, depression, anxiety, dysfunctional beliefs, self-criticism, quality of life, and self-compassion were all in the expected directions. Eight-week test-retest correlation was Pearson r = .62, 95% Confidence Interval [.45, .74], using data from 72 participants in the wait-list control, and the internal consistency for the CPQ, once removing the reversely scored items, was Cronbach’s α = .72. Conclusion The CPQ can be used as a self-report measure in Swedish, but further research on its structural validity is needed.

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Social interaction following severe closed head injury

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329170001299x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 67-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

L. Elsass ◽

G. Kinsella

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Self Report ◽

Control Group ◽

Severely Injured ◽

Psychiatric Disturbance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Head Injured ◽

Closed Head

SynopsisThis paper describes research which sought to investigate and describe the interpersonal relationships and vulnerability to psychiatric disturbance in severely closed head injured subjects. The head injured subjects were severely injured, with mild or extremely severely injured individuals being excluded from this study. Self-report by the injured individual was compared with relatives' reports. Fifteen head injured people were individually matched with non-head injured people from the general population who acted as controls. Each subject nominated one ‘close other’ for comparative interview. The dependent variables included interpersonal relationships, non-psychotic psychiatric disturbance and behavioural change.The head injured group differed significantly from the control group in the quantity of interaction but not in the perceived quality of interaction. The groups differed significantly on behavioural change. No significant difference was found between responses given by the head injured and their ‘close other’ compared with the controls. Deficient quantity of interpersonal relationships and greater vulnerability to psychiatric disorders was shown in this sample. Further research on the assessment of long-term social outcome and psychiatric stability in the head injured could assist in the improved long-term rehabilitation of the survivors.

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Quality of dyadic relationship in Swedish men and women living in long-term relationships and in couples in family counselling – Introduction of a new self-report measure, QDR36

Nordic Psychology ◽

10.1027/1901-2276.61.3.23 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 23-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Tone Ahlborg ◽

Ann-Marie Lilleengen ◽

Victoria Lönnfjord ◽

Caroline Petersen

Keyword(s):

Self Report ◽

Dyadic Relationship ◽

Men And Women ◽

Family Counselling ◽

Report Measure

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“I want it now!” Intertemporal Choice Through the Lens of Valence Weighting Bias

Social Cognition ◽

10.1521/soco.2021.39.2.243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 243-258

Author(s):

Javier A. Granados Samayoa ◽

Russell H. Fazio

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Intertemporal Choice ◽

Choice Task ◽

Self Control ◽

Self Report ◽

Negative Valence ◽

Two Factors ◽

Positive And Negative Valence ◽

Characteristic Manner ◽

Report Measure

The current research presents a novel perspective regarding individual differences in intertemporal choice preferences. We postulate that such differences are partly rooted in individuals’ valence weighting proclivities—their characteristic manner of weighting positive and negative valence when constructing an initial evaluation. Importantly, valence weighting bias should predict intertemporal choice most strongly (a) for those who are relatively low in trait self-control and (b) when the magnitude of the available rewards is relatively small, because these two factors are associated with lesser motivation/resources to deliberate extensively about one's decision. More specifically, we propose that those with a more positive weighting bias give greater weight to the clearly positive immediate reward that is under consideration, and under these conditions, the resulting appraisal shapes choice more strongly. Using a performance-based measure of valence weighting tendencies, a hypothetical intertemporal choice task, and a self-report measure of trait self-control, we provide evidence for our hypothesis.

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Factor Structure and Incremental Utility of the Distress Tolerance Scale: A Bifactor Analysis

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191118789496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 297-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Travis A. Rogers ◽

Joseph R. Bardeen ◽

Thomas A. Fergus ◽

Natasha Benfer

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Distress Tolerance ◽

Self Report ◽

General Factor ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Factor Measurement ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Bifactor Modeling ◽

Order Domain ◽

Report Measure

The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) is a self-report measure of perceived capacity to withstand aversive emotions. Initial factor analysis of this measure suggested a structure comprising one higher-order factor and four lower-order domain-specific factors. However, there is limited evidence in support of the DTS’s purported multidimensionality, and despite use of the DTS subscales, research has yet to assess their incremental utility. The current investigation sought to rectify the paucity of evidence in support of the DTS’s factor structure and independent use of DTS subscales via bifactor analysis. In the present study ( N = 826 community adults), a bifactor model of the DTS provided the best fit to the data. However, an examination of statistical indices associated with bifactor modeling, as well as results from an examination of incremental utility, suggest that the domain-specific factors are largely redundant with the general factor and do not provide incremental utility in predicting relevant clinical constructs beyond the general factor. Measurement invariance between sexes was confirmed. Taken together, results support use of a DTS total score, but not subscale scores.

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Development and psychometric properties of a self report measure to assess clinicians’ practices in self management support for patients with long term conditions

Patient Education and Counseling ◽

10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joanna Kosmala-Anderson ◽

Louise M. Wallace ◽

Andy Turner ◽

Fred Barwell

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Self Report ◽

Self Management ◽

Management Support ◽

Long Term Conditions ◽

Report Measure

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Burnout, Compassion Satisfaction, and Intent to Quit Among Long-Term Care Nursing Assistants in the Time of COVID-19

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 720-720

Author(s):

Mallory Richert

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Compassion Satisfaction ◽

The United States ◽

Nursing Assistants ◽

Self Report ◽

Intent To Quit ◽

Term Care ◽

Report Measure

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly exacerbated the stress and burden of those employed in long-term care (LTC) facilities due to staff shortages, increased risks on the job, and ever-changing COVID-19 protocol requirements. This study examines potential differences in pre-COVID-19 and current COVID-19 LTC facility employed nursing assistants on burnout, compassion satisfaction, job satisfaction, and intent to quit. The sample included 81 nursing assistants employed in LTC facilities across the United States, with data collected prior to (n= 42) and during COVID-19 related shutdowns (n= 39). Participants completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale 5 (ProQOL 5), a single-item self-report measure of job satisfaction, and a two-item self-report measure of intent to quit their current employment. Nursing assistants during COVID-19 reported a higher level of burnout and lower level of compassion satisfaction than nursing assistants Pre-COVID-19. However, there were no differences in job satisfaction or intent to quit. The results suggest there may be additional factors that influence an individual’s decision to remain employed above and beyond the impacts of burnout and compassion satisfaction that may be unique to the caring professions. Future research might investigate factors that influence an individual’s decision to remain employed as a nursing assistant during periods of increased stress and burnout. Additionally, the impact of COVID-19 related stress added to the already high levels of stress and burnout on nursing assistants calls for further attention and research devoted to psychological support of LTC staff during crisis and normal times.

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Adult Sequelae of Child Sexual Abuse

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000292003 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 158 (S10) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Carol Sheldrick

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Self Report ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Wide Range ◽

Growing Body ◽

The Subject

At present there is no consensus of opinion about the short-term or long-term effects of child sexual abuse, although there is a growing body of literature on the subject. Definitions of what constitutes child sexual abuse vary enormously and, even where agreed, include a wide range of behaviours. Most clinical reports are retrospective in nature and based on self-report. Many authors agree that effects can be classified into four general areas, however, emotional/psychological; sexual adjustment; interpersonal relationships; and social functioning. There are considerable implications for treatment of those who have been abused and for the protection of their children.

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Why Self-Report Measures of Self-Control and Inhibition Tasks Do Not Substantially Correlate

Collabra Psychology ◽

10.1525/collabra.276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lasse Wennerhold ◽

Malte Friese

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Inhibition ◽

Self Control ◽

Self Report ◽

Theoretical Construct ◽

Maximum Performance ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Cross Domain ◽

Single Versus ◽

Substantial Degree

Trait self-control is often defined as the ability to inhibit dominant responses including thoughts, emotions, and behavioral impulses. Despite the pivotal role of inhibition for trait self-control, a growing body of evidence found small-to-zero correlations between self-report measures of trait self-control and behavioral inhibition tasks. These observations seem puzzling considering that both types of measures are often seen as operationalizations of the same or at least closely related theoretical constructs. Previous explanations for this non-correspondence focused on psychometric properties of the measures. Here, we discuss three further factors that may explain the empirical non-correspondence between trait self-control scales and behavioral inhibition tasks: (1) the distinction between typical and maximum performance, (2) the measurement of single versus repeated performance, and (3) differences between impulses in different domains. Specifically, we argue that a) self-report measures of trait self-control are designed to assess typical performance, and relative to these, behavioral inhibition tasks are designed to assess maximum performance; b) self-report measures of trait self-control capture central tendencies of aggregates of many different instances of behavior, whereas behavioral inhibition tasks are momentary, one-time state measures; and c) most self-report measures of trait self-control are designed to measure general, cross-domain inhibition, whereas behavioral inhibition tasks also measure narrower, domain-specific inhibition to a substantial degree. In conclusion, we argue that it is implausible to hypothesize more than a low correlation between self-report measures of trait self-control and behavioral inhibition tasks as they genuinely focus on different aspects of the theoretical construct of self-control. We also discuss the broader implications of these issues for self-control as a theoretical construct and its appropriate measurement.

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