The impact of resistance on the use of second-generation anticoagulants against rats on farms in Southern England

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cowan ◽  
Gary Dunsford ◽  
Erica Gill ◽  
Ainsley Jones ◽  
Gerard Kerins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Southern England ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Structure of the Signal Transduction Domain in Second-Generation CAR Regulates the Input Efficiency of CAR Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2476
Author(s):  
Kento Fujiwara ◽  
Masaki Kitaura ◽  
Ayaka Tsunei ◽  
Hotaka Kusabuka ◽  
Erika Ogaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T ◽  
The Impact

T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have a strong potential to eliminate tumor cells, yet the CAR-T cells may also induce severe side effects due to an excessive immune response. Although optimization of the CAR structure is expected to improve the efficacy and toxicity of CAR-T cells, the relationship between CAR structure and CAR-T cell functions remains unclear. Here, we constructed second-generation CARs incorporating a signal transduction domain (STD) derived from CD3ζ and a 2nd STD derived from CD28, CD278, CD27, CD134, or CD137, and investigated the impact of the STD structure and signaling on CAR-T cell functions. Cytokine secretion of CAR-T cells was enhanced by 2nd STD signaling. T cells expressing CAR with CD278-STD or CD137-STD proliferated in an antigen-independent manner by their STD tonic signaling. CAR-T cells incorporating CD28-STD or CD278-STD between TMD and CD3ζ-STD showed higher cytotoxicity than first-generation CAR or second-generation CARs with other 2nd STDs. The potent cytotoxicity of these CAR-T cells was not affected by inhibiting the 2nd STD signals, but was eliminated by placing the STDs after the CD3ζ-STD. Our data highlighted that CAR activity was affected by STD structure as well as by 2nd STD signaling.

scholarly journals The impact that cultural food security has on identity and well-being in the second-generation U.S. American minority college students

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine E. Wright ◽  
Julie E. Lucero ◽  
Jenanne K. Ferguson ◽  
Michelle L. Granner ◽  
Paul G. Devereux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Minority College Students ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals On the impact of second generation mating and offspring in multi-generation reproductive toxicity studies on classification and labelling of substances in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel Rorije ◽  
André Muller ◽  
Manon E.W. Beekhuijzen ◽  
Ulla Hass ◽  
Barbara Heinrich-Hirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Marketing Strategy in Small Family Businesses

2015 ◽  
pp. 1695-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Ntanos ◽  
Stamatios Ntanos
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Small Family ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This chapter refers to small family businesses in Greece and examines the impact of their marketing strategy during an economic crisis period. The research took place in the broad area of Athens between December 2011 and March 2012. Data were collected to form a database of Greek independent private family companies (n=380) using personal interviews (structured questionnaire) with owners/managers of first- and second-generation family businesses. The chapter shows how small family businesses indicate marketing strategy using Carson's model. Limitations of expertise outline the marketing background, which can be described as “self-assisted.” The research offers a verification of a previous model so that problems that arise from companies not putting into practice any marketing concepts can be examined. The significance of the chapter is that there have not formerly been any reviews made about Carson's model in Greece during the economic crisis period emphasizing family businesses.

Does the commercial real estate industry need “more pussy on the block?”

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin C. Read
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Industry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Chapter ◽  
Professional Credibility ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In a controversial 2018 interview, commercial real estate mogul Sam Zell insinuated that companies should promote their employees based exclusively on merit and avoid purposefully taking steps to get “more pussy on the block” in the name of gender equality. The comment was criticized not only for its crassness, but also for its failure to recognize the challenges many women working in the commercial real estate industry face in their efforts to obtain the same opportunities, compensation and status as similarly-qualified men. In an effort to overcome these disparities, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the pervasiveness of second-generation gender bias and stereotyping in the field through a qualitative analysis. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 39 women serving as local chapter presidents of a prominent commercial real estate trade group to explore the impact of gender on their career advancement and their experiences with second-generation gender bias. Findings The findings suggest unintentional discrimination often influences women’s careers by drawing their communication skills, professional credibility and commitment to the organizations for whom they work into question. Originality/value The research contributes to the existing literature by offering additional evidence that unintentional discrimination is common in male-dominated industries, such as commercial real estate. It also provides clear examples of social cues women perceive to heighten tension along gender lines and impinge upon their ability to ascend to leadership positions.

Reflections of a “Second Generation” German Emigré: The Impact of my Emigré Professors on a Future Economist

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Ingrid H. Rima
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Joseph Schumpeter ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

My reflections are at least partly those of the child of an emigré who grew up to beome an economist. Since my father was an engineer from Germany's Barmen-Elberfeld textile city—also the city of Friedrich Engels—he clearly is not among the first generation of German scholars who were deprived of their professional positions as the Hitler regime came into power. Indeed, somewhat like Joseph Schumpeter, he came to America to grasp an opportunity rather than to avoid a threat. Like many of educated men of his generation, he was fluent in five languages and an ardent student of philosophy, history, and political economy. His move to America, after three or four trial visits, preceded my birth, because in those days before international air travel the seven day ocean voyage between Bremerhaven and New York was so daunting for a woman approaching childbirth that I was close to a year old before our arrival in America. My early childhood was uneventful except for the arrival of two siblings, and the only negative I recall from those early days was that I hated my first name, Ingrid (so carefully chosen by my parents), and longed to be called Jane, Anne or anything other than Ingrid.

Language maintenance and language shift

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Rubino ◽  
Camilla Bettoni
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
The Impact

Patterns of language use by Sicilians and Venetians living in Sydney are here presented with particular attention to the maintenance of Italian and Dialect under the impact of widespread shift to English. Data gathered by questionnaire self-reporting are analysed according to four main variables: domain, linguistic generation, gender and region of origin. Results suggest that the original Italian diglossia between the High and the Low languages is well maintained, as Italian occupies the more public, formal and regionally heterogeneous space in the community, and Dialect the more private, informal and homogeneous one. Among the subjects’ variables, generation predictably accounts for the greatest variation, as both languages are used most by the first generation and least by the second. However, the original diglossia holds well also among the second generation. With regard to gender and region of origin, it would seem that, compared to men, women maintain both languages slightly better, and that, compared to men and Sicilians respectively, both women and Venetians maintain slightly better the original diglossia. We conclude that the position of Italian, although more limited, seems somewhat more solid than that of Dialect, and suggest some reasons for it.

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