Influence of herbicide-resistant canola on the environmental impact of weed management

Theresa A Brimner; Gordon James Gallivan; Gerald R Stephenson

doi:10.1002/ps.967

Changes in Herbicide Use after Adoption of HR Canola in Western Canada

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00164.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 492-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S. J. Smyth ◽

M. Gusta ◽

K. Belcher ◽

P. W. B. Phillips ◽

D. Castle

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Management ◽

Western Canada ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Time Required ◽

Herbicide Use

This article examines the changes in herbicide use in relation to canola production in Western Canada, comparing 1995 and 2006. The commercialization and widespread adoption of herbicide-resistant (HR) canola has changed weed management practices in Western Canada. Before the introduction of HR canola, weeds were controlled by herbicides and tillage as the leading herbicides at that time required tillage to allow for soil incorporation of the herbicide. Much of the tillage associated with HR canola production has been eliminated as 64% of producers are now using zero or minimum tillage as their preferred form of crop and soil management. Additionally, there have been significant changes regarding the use and application of herbicides for weed control in canola. This research shows that when comparing canola production in 1995 and 2006, the environmental impact of herbicides applied to canola decreased 53%, producer exposure to chemicals decreased 56%, and quantity of active ingredient applied decreased 1.3 million kg. The cumulative environmental impact was reduced almost 50% with the use of HR herbicides. If HR canola had not been developed and Canadian canola farmers continued to use previous production technologies, the amount of active ingredient applied to control weeds in 2007 would have been 60% above what was actually applied.

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Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Leonardo F. Rocha ◽

Karla L. Gage ◽

Mirian F. Pimentel ◽

Jason P. Bond ◽

Ahmad M. Fakhoury

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Weed Species ◽

Initial Inoculum ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

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Herbicide Resistant Weed Management: Who's Resisting?

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500088664 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 465-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William E. Dyer

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Herbicide Resistant

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The Coaxium® Wheat Production System: A New Herbicide-Resistant System for Annual Grass Weed Control and Integrated Weed Management

Outlooks on Pest Management ◽

10.1564/v32_aug_04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 151-157

Author(s):

Raven A. Bough ◽

Phillip Westra ◽

Todd A. Gaines ◽

Eric P. Westra ◽

Scott Haley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Production System ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

State University ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Colorado State University ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

System A ◽

Grass Weed ◽

Global Food

The authors discuss the importance of wheat as a global food source and describe a novel multi-institutional, public-private partnership between Colorado State University, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, and private chemical and seed companies that resulted in the development of a new herbicide-resistant wheat production system.

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Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706074ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 79-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Shaner

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Wild Species ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

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Sumatran Fleabane (Erigeron sumatrensis) Resistant to PSI-Inhibitor Herbicides and Physiological Responses to Paraquat

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.70 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Jéssica F. L. Leal ◽

Amanda dos S. Souza ◽

Junior Borella ◽

André Lucas S. Araujo ◽

Ana Claudia Langaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Fast Recovery ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Paraquat Resistance ◽

Resistance To Herbicides

Abstract Herbicide-resistant weed management is one of the greatest agricultural challenges in crop production. Thus, the quick identification of resistant-herbicide weeds is extremely important for management. This study aimed to evaluate resistance to PSI-inhibitor herbicides (diquat) of Sumatran Fleabane [(Erigeron sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker)] and physiological response to paraquat application. The research was conducted with two E. sumatrensis biotypes, one susceptible and the other with multiple resistance to herbicides from five different modes of action (glyphosate, paraquat, diuron, saflufenacil, and 2,4-D). A dose-response assay was carried out to evaluate herbicide resistance to diquat in paraquat-resistant E. sumatrensis biotype. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured in both biotypes after paraquat (400 g ai ha−1) application. The dose-response assay confirmed resistance of E. sumatrensis to diquat with resistance factor levels of 26-fold and 6-fold for LD50 and GR50 values, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotype. The accumulation of H2O2 occurred faster in the paraquat-susceptible biotype than in the resistant ones. Paraquat treatment caused an increase in SOD and APX activity in the susceptible biotype, but antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by paraquat in the resistant one at 5 hours after application (HAA). Chlorophyll a fluorescence increased along the first 4 HAA in both resistant and susceptible biotypes. However, at 24 HAA the resistant biotype showed a decline in fluorescence close to untreated plants while susceptible one died, which can be used to diagnose paraquat resistance at 24 HAA. There is confirmed resistance to diquat in a paraquat-resistant E. sumatrensis biotype. The paraquat-resistant biotype does not induce antioxidative enzymes, as a possible mechanism of resistance to paraquat, but shows a fast recovery of photosynthesis and continuous growth when subjected to paraquat, while the paraquat-susceptible biotype does not survive.

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Weed Problems in Uruguayan Agriculture: Evolution and Current Situation

Outlooks on Pest Management ◽

10.1564/v32_oct_05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 203-207

Author(s):

M. Alejandro Garcia ◽

Lucia V. Meneses ◽

Tiago Edu Kaspary

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Management Tools ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Species Frequencies ◽

Agricultural Production Systems

Uruguayan agriculture has undergone dramatic changes in the last 50 years driven by the adoption of new agricultural production systems that incorporate zero tillage and herbicide resistant crops. This has resulted in a shift in weed species frequencies and the dispersion of introduced herbicide resistant weed populations. Finally, integrated weed management tools are being developed by research and extension services to manage herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds better and to reduce environmental impact of herbicides.

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Validation of HERB for Use in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00045449 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 573-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anthony D. White ◽

Harold D. Coble

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Weed Management ◽

Decision Model ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Field Validation ◽

The Public ◽

Weed Density ◽

Competitive Index ◽

Peanut Production

Researchers are currently developing predictive weed management models to aid producers in maintaining or improving economic profitability of peanut production while minimizing herbicide inputs and reducing environmental impact. HERB (Version 2.1.P), a computer decision model, has recently been developed for peanut and is now awaiting validation of weed control decisions before being released to the public. Field validation trials in 1994 and 1995 indicate that the current competitive index parameters in the HERB model are invalid, and statistically estimated competitive indices were generated. Estimating new parameters improvedR2values from 0.37 to 0.61. New competitive index parameters allow the HERB model to more accurately predict the level of yield loss at a given weed density.

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