47‐4: Fiber‐Scanning Technology with Rectangular Display Area for Projection Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Onoe ◽  
Takahiro Matsuda ◽  
Yoshiho Seo ◽  
Satoshi Ouchi
Keyword(s):  
Display Area

How dear is my enemy: Intruder-resident and resident-resident encounters in male sand fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator)

Behaviour ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Pratt ◽  
Denson Kelly McLain
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Uca Pugilator ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Surface Activities ◽  
Display Area ◽  
Mating Opportunities

AbstractMale sand fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) defend territories that consist of a breeding burrow and a display area where they wave their claw to attract females. Burrow-holding males engage in agonistic contests with both intruding males that attempt burrow take-overs and with other territory-holding neighbors that apparently attempt to limit waving or other surface activities of rivals. Contests employ one or more behavioral elements that range from no claw contact to use of the claw to push, grip, or flip an opponent. We placed each observed element into one of six groups ranked by intensity, which was based on the degree of claw contact and apparent energy expenditure. In the field, contests with intruders began at higher intensity and escalated more rapidly than did those with neighbors. Thus, U. pugilator males exhibit a dear enemy response toward neighbors. However, resident-resident contests increased in intensity when burrows were close, neighbors faced each other when exiting burrows, and neighbors were of similar size. Proximity and orientation determine the ease with which a neighbor may be engaged. Also, neighbors that are close and of similar size pose a greater threat to mating opportunities, favoring heightened intensity of contests.

Microbiological Quality of Open Ready-to-Eat Salad Vegetables: Effectiveness of Food Hygiene Training of Management

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. SAGOO ◽  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
R. T. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Display Area ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Salad Vegetables ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Analysis System

During September and October 2001, a microbiological study of open, ready-to-eat, prepared salad vegetables from catering or retail premises was undertaken to determine their microbiological quality. The study focused on those salad vegetables that were unwrapped and handled either by staff or customers in the premises where the sample was taken. Examination of salad vegetables from food service areas and customer self-service bars revealed that most (97%; 2,862 of 2,950) were of satisfactory or acceptable microbiological quality, 3% (87) were of unsatisfactory microbiological quality because of Escherichia coli levels in the range of 102 to 105 colony-forming units per gram. One (<1%) sample was of unacceptable microbiological quality because of the presence of Listeria monocytogenes at 840 colony-forming units per gram. The pathogens E. coli O157, Campylobacter spp., and salmonellas were not detected in any of the samples examined. The display area for most food service and preparation areas (95%) and self-service salad bars (98%) that were visited was judged to be visibly clean by the sampling officer. Most self-service bars (87%) were regularly supervised or inspected by staff during opening hours, and designated serving utensils were used in most salad bars (92%) but in only a minority of food service areas (35%). A hazard analysis system was in place in most (80%) premises, and in 61%, it was documented. Most (90%) managers had received food hygiene training. A direct relationship was shown between increased confidence in the food business management and the presence of food safety procedures and the training of management in food hygiene.

Similarity-based visualization of large image collections

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoli Wang ◽  
John P Reese ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Jun Tao ◽  
Yi Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Image Similarity ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Image Search ◽  
Display Area ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Graphics Processing ◽  
Potential Tool

Effective techniques for organizing and visualizing large image collections are in growing demand as visual search gets increasingly popular. Targeting an online astronomy archive with thousands of images, we present our solution for image search and clustering based on the evaluation of image similarity using both visual and textual information. Time-consuming image similarity computation is accelerated using graphics processing unit. To lay out images, we introduce iMap, a treemap-based representation for visualizing and navigating image search and clustering results. iMap not only makes effective use of available display area to arrange images but also maintains stable update when images are inserted or removed during the query. We also develop an embedded visualization that integrates image tags for in-place search refinement. To show the effectiveness of our approach, we demonstrate experimental results, compare our iMap layout with a force-directed layout, and conduct a comparative user study. As a potential tool for astronomy education and outreach, we deploy our iMap to a large tiled display of nearly 50 million pixels.

Keepability of Pennsylvania versus West Coast Grown Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees: Genotypic Variation in Relation to Subfreezing Temperatures

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Kubiske ◽  
Marc D. Abrams ◽  
James C. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Display Area ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Needle Loss

Abstract Cut Douglas-fir Christmas trees grown in Pennsylvania from Rocky Mountain seed sources and coastal trees grown in the Pacific Northwest and shipped into Pennsylvania were compared for keepability. Following various cold treatments, the cut ends of trees were placed in water in an indoor display area. Coastal trees placed in a freezer at - 29°C for 24 h had 89 ± 5.1% (mean ± standard error) needle loss after one day of display, while Rocky Mountain origin trees exhibited only 3 ± 2.0% needle loss after 1 day and 50 ± 5.6% needle loss after 18 days. Coastal produced trees exposed to temperatures > - 12°C had 50 ± 9.8% needle loss at the end of the experiment, while Rocky Mountain trees ended with 22 ± 3.2% needle loss. Four additional treatments consisted of trees placed on an outdoor lot and periodically moved indoors to simulate Christmas tree market activity. Again, there was a significant difference between trees from coastal and Rocky Mountain sources, with 57.2 ± 4.3% and 11.8 ± 1.2% needle loss after 3 days, respectively. By the end of the 23 day experiment, the coastal trees were essentially devoid of needles, whereas Rocky Mountain trees had an average of only 20% needle loss. Coastal trees also exhibited a very noticeable loss of color and lustre. North. J. Appl. For. 7:86-89, June 1990.

scholarly journals Eye-Tracking Technology in Online Real Estate Rental

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jie Sun ◽  
Zhiruo Wang ◽  
Xiaoyi Dang ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Information Display ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Real ◽  
Display Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Text Information

In China in recent years, the rental housing market has boomed, but insufficient attention has been paid to microsubject tenants in the market, and there is a lack of research results on tenants’ decision-making processes. In keeping with the characteristics of China’s accommodation-renting population, this study takes as its research object graduating students, who form an important group in the housing rental market, and focuses on the information retrieval process underlying prospective tenants’ rental decisions. First, it investigates tenants’ concerns during the renting process by means of questionnaires. Second, using eye-tracking experiments, the real online renting process is simulated and tenants’ web listings are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. In the process of information search, the characteristics and rules of browsing the entry search page, the listings page, and the details page are obtained, and the factors that prospective tenants pay attention to in their search for rental information are obtained. The research results show that initial alphabetical sorting of the term search page can improve the subjects’ efficiency in locating the target keywords, the text information display area of the listings page receives more attention than others, and the real concern factors of the tenants on the page listing details are generally consistent with their selected factors but deviate slightly. Finally, the layout and display of web page information affect how subjects’ attention is distributed, and web page information presents a significant difference in attention between upper and lower pages.

Package Thickness - Ultrathin WLFO (Wafer-Level Fan-Out)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 000305-000308
Author(s):  
Eoin O'Toole ◽  
Steffen Kroehnert ◽  
José Campos ◽  
Virgilio Barbosa ◽  
Leonor Dias
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Display Area ◽  
Solder Balls ◽  
Bga Package ◽  
Wafer Processing ◽  
Semiconductor Packages

Abstract NANIUM's Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging technology WLFO (Wafer-Level Fan-Out) is based on embedded Wafer-Level Ball Grid Array technology eWLB of Infineon Technologies [1]. Since it′s invention almost 10 years ago, it became the leading technology for Fan-Out Wafer-Level packages. The WLFO technology is based upon the reconstitution of KGD (known good die) from incoming device wafer, independent of wafer diameter and material, to recon wafer format of active semiconductor dies or other active/passive components separated by mold compound applied through compression molding on a temporary mold carrier. The resulting recon wafer can be processed in standard wafer processing equipment. One of the challenges for the future of semiconductor packaging is reduction of the board level volume real estate occupied by each component. With the drive towards lower profile end user devices incorporating large display area and battery life the three dimensional space available for semiconductor packages is diminishing. It is well known that WLFO single die packaging but even more significant system integration enables the shrinkage of the XY footprint of the package through flexible very dense heterogeneous system-in-package integration [2]. But one of the disruptive advantages of the substrate-less WLFO technology is to also permit significant reduction of the overall package height (Z). A total package height for a BGA package including solder balls <500um and for a LGA package with solder land pads only <300um is achievable today, and further development towards even thinner packages is on the way.

display area

2000 ◽  
pp. 435-435
Author(s):  
Martin H. Weik
Keyword(s):  
Display Area

scholarly journals Social Organization on Leks of the Wire-Tailed Manakin in Southern Venezuela

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Heindl
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Display Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lowland Rainforest ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Pipra Filicauda ◽  
Resident Bird

AbstractI studied the social organization of lekking Wire-tailed Manakins (Pipra filicauda) in the Amazonian lowland rainforest of southern Venezuela. Territorial males maintained dispersed territories at lek sites in seasonally flooded forest and were visited by other territorial males, by nonterritorial males, and by immature males. Nonterritorial males became territorial either by establishing a new display area or by inheriting an existent territory. The majority of territorial visitors never engaged in joint displays with territory owners, whereas nonterritorial male visitors attempted displays with the resident bird during more than half of the observed interactions. One-third of the territory owners formed at least periodically close display partnerships with a specific nonterritorial male. Observations during female visits to male pairs and dominant behavior of the resident bird within its territory suggest a hierarchy within display pairs. Dominance relationships, stability in the composition of display pairs, and the possibility for subordinates to inherit a territory indicate that coordinated displays between males may have a cooperative function. However, most female visits were directed to single males, so that joint displays are probably not obligatory for achieving copulations.Organización Social de Leks de Pipra filicauda en el Sur de VenezuelaResumen. Estudié la organización social de leks de Pipra filicauda en la selva amazónica del sur de Venezuela. Los machos territoriales mantenieron territorios dispersos en sitios ubicados en bosque estacionalmente inundado y fueron visitados por otros machos territoriales, machos no-territoriales y machos inmaduros. Los machos no-territoriales se hicieron territoriales al establecer un nuevo sitio de despliegue o al heredar un territorio ya existente. La mayoría de los machos territoriales visitantes nunca desplegaron junto al macho propietario del territorio, mientras que los visitantes no-territoriales intentaron desplegarse con el macho residente en más de la mitad de las interacciones observadas. Un tercio de los machos residentes fue observado formaron periodicamente asociaciones de despliegue con ciertos machos no-territoriales. Observaciones durante las visitas de hembras a parejas de machos y del comportamiento dominante del macho residente dentro de su territorio indicarían una relación jerarquica dentro de la asociación de despliegue. Las relaciónes de dominancia, la estabilidad en la composición de las asociaciones de desplegar y la posibilidad de que los machos subordinados de heredar un territorio, sugieren que los despliegues coordinados entre machos tendrían una función cooperativa. Sin embargo, las visitas de las hembras se centraron principalmente en machos solitarios, lo que sugiere que la función de las asociaciones de despliegue no son obligatorias para obtener cópulas.

A Real-time Interactive Visualizer for Large Classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Samit Bhattacharya ◽  
Viral bharat Shah ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Ujjwal Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Matrix Representation ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Display Area ◽  
The Status ◽  
Large Classrooms

In improving the teaching and learning experience in a classroom environment, it is crucial for a teacher to have a fair idea about the students who need help during a lecture. However, teachers of large classes usually face difficulties in identifying the students who are in a critical state. The current methods for classroom visualization are limited in showing both the status and location of a large number of students in a limited display area. Additionally, comprehension of the states adds cognitive load on the teacher working in a time-constrained classroom environment. In this article, we propose a two-level visualizer for large classrooms to address the challenges. In the first level, the visualizer generates a colored matrix representation of the classroom. The colored matrix is a quantitative illustration of the status of the class in terms of student clusters. We use three colors: red, yellow, and green, indicating the most critical, less critical, and the normal cluster on the screen, respectively. With tap/click on the first level, detailed information for a cluster is visualized as the second level. We conducted extensive studies for our visualizer in a simulated classroom with 12 tasks and 27 teacher participants. The results show that the visualizer is efficient and usable.

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