Using the area under the curve to reduce measurement error in predicting young adult blood pressure from childhood measures

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 3421-3435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R. Cook ◽  
Bernard A. Rosner ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Sathanur R. Srinivasan ◽  
Gerald S. Berenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Reduce Measurement Error

scholarly journals Hypertension in Prenatally Undernourished Young-Adult Rats Is Maintained by Tonic Reciprocal Paraventricular–Coerulear Excitatory Interactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Bernardita Cayupe ◽  
Carlos Morgan ◽  
Gustavo Puentes ◽  
Luis Valladares ◽  
Héctor Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Excitatory Pathways ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prenatal Undernutrition ◽  
Number Of Cells

Prenatally malnourished rats develop hypertension in adulthood, in part through increased α1-adrenoceptor-mediated outflow from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic system. We studied whether both α1-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitatory pathways from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the PVN and their reciprocal excitatory CRFergic connections contribute to prenatal undernutrition-induced hypertension. For that purpose, we microinjected either α1-adrenoceptor or CRH receptor agonists and/or antagonists in the PVN or the LC, respectively. We also determined the α1-adrenoceptor density in whole hypothalamus and the expression levels of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. The results showed that: (i) agonists microinjection increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive eutrophic rats, but not in prenatally malnourished subjects; (ii) antagonists microinjection reduced hypertension and tachycardia in undernourished rats, but not in eutrophic controls; (iii) in undernourished animals, antagonist administration to one nuclei allowed the agonists recover full efficacy in the complementary nucleus, inducing hypertension and tachycardia; (iv) early undernutrition did not modify the number of α1-adrenoceptor binding sites in hypothalamus, but reduced the number of cells expressing α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. These results support the hypothesis that systolic pressure and heart rate are increased by tonic reciprocal paraventricular–coerulear excitatory interactions in prenatally undernourished young-adult rats.

scholarly journals Relationship between Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jia Zhou ◽  
Dingkun Wang ◽  
Bingong Li ◽  
Xuelian Li ◽  
Xingjun Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria. Although increased TMAO levels have been linked to hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with poor prognosis, no clinical studies have directly addressed the relationship between them. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TMAO and renal dysfunction in hypertensive patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 50), hypertensive patients (<i>n</i> = 46), and hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction (<i>n</i> = 143). Their blood pressure values were taken as the highest measured blood pressure. Renal function was evaluated using the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Plasma TMAO levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We found significant differences in plasma TMAO levels among the 3 groups (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The plasma TMAO of patients with HTN was significantly higher than that of healthy people, and the plasma TMAO of patients with HTN complicated by renal dysfunction was significantly higher than either of the other groups. Patients in the highest TMAO quartile were at a higher risk of developing CKD stage 5 than those in the lowest quartile. In the receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve of TMAO combined with β 2-macroglobulin for predicting renal dysfunction in patients with HTN was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.80–0.90). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> An elevated TMAO level reflects higher levels of HTN and more severe renal dysfunction. TMAO, combined with β 2-macroglobulin levels, may assist in diagnosing CKD in hypertensive patients. Plasma TMAO has predictive value for early kidney disease in hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Improved agreement and diagnostic accuracy of a cuffless 24-h blood pressure measurement device in clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thenral Socrates ◽  
Philipp Krisai ◽  
Annina S. Vischer ◽  
Andrea Meienberg ◽  
Michael Mayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
Hypertension Detection ◽  
Software Update ◽  
Reference Device ◽  
Cuffless Blood Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement Device

AbstractA cuffless blood pressure (BP) device (TestBP) using pulse transit time is in clinical use, but leads to higher BP values compared to a cuff-based 24 h-BP reference device (RefBP). We evaluated the impact of a recent software update on BP results and TestBP’s ability to differentiate between normo- and hypertension. 71 individuals had TestBP (Somnotouch-NIBP) and RefBP measurements simultaneously performed on either arm. TestBP results with software version V1.5 were compared to V1.4 and RefBP. Mean 24 h (± SD) BP for the RefBP, TestBP-V1.4 and TestBP-V1.5 were systolic 134.0 (± 17.3), 140.8 (± 20) and 139.1 (± 20) mmHg, and diastolic 79.3 (± 11.7), 85.8 (± 14.1) and 83.5 (± 13.0) mmHg, respectively (p-values < 0.001). TestBP-V1.5 area under the curve (95% confidence interval) versus RefBP for hypertension detection was 0.92 (0.86; 0.99), 0.94 (0.88; 0.99) and 0.77 (0.66; 0.88) for systolic and 0.92 (0.86; 0.99), 0.92 (0.85; 0.99) and 0.84 (0.74; 0.94) for diastolic 24 h, awake and asleep BP respectively. TestBP-V1.5 detected elevated systolic/diastolic mean 24 h-BP with a 95%/90% sensitivity and 65%/70% specificity. Highest Youden’s Index was systolic 133 (sensitivity 95%/specificity 80%) and diastolic 87 mmHg (sensitivity 81%/specificity 98%). The update improved the agreement to RefBP. TestBP was excellent for detecting 24 h and awake hypertensive BP values but not for asleep BP values.

scholarly journals Blood pressure variability is independent of systolic pressure in adolescent and young adult patients undergoing hemodialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Da ◽  
Zulong Zhang ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult

CQP 201-403, a new dopamine agonist in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hanssen ◽  
J. Brownell ◽  
J. Halse ◽  
J. Jervell ◽  
K. T. Stokke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standing Blood Pressure

Abstract. Current drugs used for hyperprolactinemia may have severe side effects. Effects and side effects of a new propylergoline derivate (CQP 201-403 SANDOZ®) have been evaluated. Twenty-four otherwise healthy women (21–44 years) with hyperprolactinemia (35–318 μg/l) without extrasellar extension of pituitary adenomas took part in a randomized, doubleblind study. Fasting prolactin levels measured on day 7 was significantly decreased when compared with day 1 (P < 0.05) in all CQP groups, to 78% with 0.005 mg daily, to 40% with 0.015 mg daily, and to 27% with 0.025 mg CQP per day for one week. The levels in the control group did not change (96%). The area under the curve of the prolactin day curve (1–8 h after drug administration) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at all doses when day 7 was compared with day 1, to 77% with 0.005 mg, to 51% with 0.015 mg, and to 37% with 0.025 mg CQP. No change was seen in the control group (96%). Four patients (one on 0.005 mg, one on 0.015 mg, and two on 0.025 mg) experienced orthostatic hypotension while standing blood pressure was to be measured on the first day of treatment, and they had to lie down. CQP 201-403 lowers prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic women at all doses employed. The effect was seen after the first dose of treatment, and lasted for at least 24 h. The adverse reactions are few and tolerable, and might be less than with current bromocriptine therapy.

Does Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With 10- or 20-Min Standing Attenuate Postprandial Glycemia and Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Freire ◽  
Carlos A. Silva ◽  
Geovani A. D. Macêdo ◽  
Rodrigo A. V. Browne ◽  
Bruno M. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

We carried out three types of 2-hr experimental sessions with middle-aged and older adults with Type 2 diabetes in order to examine the acute effect of interrupting prolonged sitting with varying periods of standing on postprandial glycemia and blood pressure (BP): (a) prolonged sitting after breakfast; (b) standing for 10 min, 30 min after breakfast; and (c) standing for 20 min, 30 min after breakfast. Glucose and BP were assessed before and after breakfast. A generalized linear model revealed no significant differences for the incremental area under the curve of glucose between standing for 10 min, 30 min after breakfast, versus prolonged sitting after breakfast (β = –4.5 mg/dl/2 hr, 95% CI [–17.3, 8.4]) and standing for 20 min, 30 min after breakfast, versus prolonged sitting after breakfast (β = 0.9 mg/dl/2 hr, 95% CI [–11.9, 13.7]). There was no difference in area under the curve of systolic and diastolic BP among the sessions. Interrupting prolonged sitting time with 10 or 20 min of standing 30 min after breakfast does not attenuate postprandial glycemia or BP in middle-aged and older adults with Type 2 diabetes.

Association of Circadian Variation of Blood Pressure with Obesity in Healthy young Adult Males

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Jawahar Lal Agarwal ◽  
◽  
Sumit Garg ◽  
Gagan Singh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Young Adult Males

Adrenomedullin microinjection into the area postrema increases blood pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. R1698-R1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Allen ◽  
P. M. Smith ◽  
A. V. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brain Site

Adrenomedullin (ADM) circulates in the blood at concentrations comparable to other vasoactive peptides with established roles in cardiovascular regulation. Intravenously administered ADM produces a clear hypotensive effect, whereas intracerebroventricular microinjections result in increases in blood pressure (BP). Recently, we demonstrated that ADM influences neurons of the area postrema (AP), a central nervous system site implicated in cardiovascular control. However, to address directly the physiological significance of the actions of ADM at the AP, an in vivo microinjection study was undertaken. ADM, at two concentrations (1 and 10 microM), in volumes of 50, 100, and 200 nl, was microinjected into the AP or NTS of 21 urethan-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Microinjection of 10 microM ADM (100 nl) resulted in significant transient (2-5 min) increases in BP [120 s area under the curve (AUC): 684.3 +/- 268.6 mmHg/s (P < 0.05)], and heart rate (HR) [AUC: 12.5 +/- 4.5 beats/min (P < 0.05)]. The lower concentration of ADM (1 microM) had no effect on either BP (179.1 +/- 143.6 mmHg/s) or HR (0.8 +/- 2.6 beats/min). ADM was also microinjected into the immediately adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract, where it was found to be without effect on either BP or HR. This study demonstrates, for the first time, a physiological role for ADM acting at a specific brain site, the AP, to produce significant cardiovascular responses.

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