scholarly journals Hypertension in Prenatally Undernourished Young-Adult Rats Is Maintained by Tonic Reciprocal Paraventricular–Coerulear Excitatory Interactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Bernardita Cayupe ◽  
Carlos Morgan ◽  
Gustavo Puentes ◽  
Luis Valladares ◽  
Héctor Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Excitatory Pathways ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prenatal Undernutrition ◽  
Number Of Cells

Prenatally malnourished rats develop hypertension in adulthood, in part through increased α1-adrenoceptor-mediated outflow from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic system. We studied whether both α1-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitatory pathways from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the PVN and their reciprocal excitatory CRFergic connections contribute to prenatal undernutrition-induced hypertension. For that purpose, we microinjected either α1-adrenoceptor or CRH receptor agonists and/or antagonists in the PVN or the LC, respectively. We also determined the α1-adrenoceptor density in whole hypothalamus and the expression levels of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. The results showed that: (i) agonists microinjection increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive eutrophic rats, but not in prenatally malnourished subjects; (ii) antagonists microinjection reduced hypertension and tachycardia in undernourished rats, but not in eutrophic controls; (iii) in undernourished animals, antagonist administration to one nuclei allowed the agonists recover full efficacy in the complementary nucleus, inducing hypertension and tachycardia; (iv) early undernutrition did not modify the number of α1-adrenoceptor binding sites in hypothalamus, but reduced the number of cells expressing α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. These results support the hypothesis that systolic pressure and heart rate are increased by tonic reciprocal paraventricular–coerulear excitatory interactions in prenatally undernourished young-adult rats.

scholarly journals RESPOSTAS HEMODINÂMICAS DO MÉTODO PILATES EM HIPERTENSOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Leonando Pedro Pereira Da Costa ◽  
Gabriela Dos santos ◽  
Patrícia Haas ◽  
Renato Claudino ◽  
Ana Inês Gonzáles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Exercise Movement Techniques

Objetivo: levantar na literatura atual, estudos relevantes que identifiquem as possíveis respostas hemodinâmicas encontradas em indivíduos hipertensos praticantes do Método Pilates. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa de revisão sistemática conduzida conforme as recomendações PRISMA em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (PEDro, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Cochrane), disponibilizado desde o início das bases até Março de 2019, com descritores do dicionário MESH conforme segue: [(“Adult” OR “Young adult” OR “Middle Aged” OR “Aged” OR “Elderly”) AND (“exercise movement techniques” OR “Pilates-Based Exercises” OR “Pilates Training”) AND (“Hemodynamics” OR “Heart Rate” OR “Cardiac Chronotropy” OR “Heart Rate Control” OR “hypertension” OR “Blood Pressure” OR “High Blood Pressure” OR “Systolic Pressure” OR “Diastolic Pressure” OR “High Blood Pressure” OR “Pulse Rate Determination”)], posteriormente ajustado para as demais bases. Busca complementar manual nas referências dos artigos incluídos na pesquisa e no Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos de intervenção, com indivíduos de idade maior ou igual a 18 anos; diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS); que tenham sido submetidos a exercícios de pilates solo e/ou pilates aparelhos como método de intervenção e incluído a descrição de análise das variáveis hemodinâmicas de pressão arterial (PA), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP). Resultados: Após processo de seleção foi selecionado apenas um único estudo que tenha contemplado todos os critérios de elegibilidade, totalizando 44 indivíduos do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 50,5 anos (±6,3 anos), hipertensas com utilização de medicação, onde 22 foram submetidas ao pilates solo e 22 permaneceram no grupo controle. O estudo apresentou resultados positivos na frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA) e no duplo-produto (DP) em comparação ao grupo controle. Conclusão: O Mat pilates pode ser um método aplicável e hemodinamicamente em pacientes com HAS, entretanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados para a confirmação dos achados.

scholarly journals Blood pressure variability is independent of systolic pressure in adolescent and young adult patients undergoing hemodialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Da ◽  
Zulong Zhang ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult

Abstract 13421: Ventricular and Arterial Elastance During Isometric Handgrip Exercise and Post-exercise Circulatory Arrest in Heart Failure With and Without Preserved Ejection Fraction

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Fujimoto ◽  
Keishi Moriwaki ◽  
Issei Kameda ◽  
Masaki Ishiyama ◽  
Taku Omori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Arterial Elastance ◽  
Post Exercise

Introduction: Isometric handgrip (IHG) training at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Impacts of IHG exercise and post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA), which isolates metaboreflex control, have been unclear in heart failure (HF). Purpose: To investigate the impacts of IHG exercise and PECA on ventricular-arterial stiffness and left ventricular (LV) relaxation in HF with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: We invasively obtained LV pressure-volume (PV) loops in 20 patients (10 HFpEF, 10 HFrEF) using conductance catheter with microtip-manometer during 3 minutes of IHG at 30%MVC and 3 minutes of PECA. Hemodynamics and LV-arterial function including LV end-systolic elastance (Ees) by the single-beat method, effective arterial elastance (Ea), and time constant of LV relaxation (Tau) were evaluated every minute. Results: At rest, HFpEF had higher LV end-systolic pressure (ESP) and lower heart rate than HFrEF with similar LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP). The coupling ratio (Ees/Ea) was greater in HFpEF than HFrEF (1.0±0.3 vs. 0.6±0.3, p<0.01). IHG for 3minutes similarly increased heart rate in HFpEF (by 10±8 bpm) and HFrEF (by 14±6 bpm). IHG also increased end-diastolic and LVESP (134±21 vs. 158±30 mmHg and 113±25 vs. 139±25 mmHg) in both groups (groupхtime effect p≥0.25). In HFpEF, Ees, Ea and Ees/Ea (1.0±0.3 vs. 1.1±0.4) were unaffected during IHG. In HFrEF, IHG induced variable increases in Ea. LV end-systolic volume and the ESPV volume-axis intercept were larger, and Ees at IHG 3 rd min was greater (1.30±0.7 vs. 3.1±2.1 mmHg/ml, p<0.01) than baseline, resulting in unchanged Ees/Ea at IHG 3 rd min (0.6±0.3 vs. 0.8±0.4, p≥0.37). Tau was prolonged only in HFrEF during IHG and was returned to the baseline value during PECA. During the first 2 minutes of PECA, LVESP was lower than that at IHG 3 rd min only in HFpEF, suggesting less metaboreflex control of blood pressure in HFpEF during IHG. Conclusions: IHG exercise at 30%MVC induced modest increases in LV end-systolic and end-diastolic pressures in HFpEF and HFrEF. Although the prolongation of LV relaxation was observed only in HFrEF, the ventricular and arterial coupling was maintained throughout the IHG exercise in both groups.

scholarly journals Deficiency of T-type Ca2+ channels Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 has no effect on angiotensin II-induced hypertension but differential effect on plasma aldosterone in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. F254-F263
Author(s):  
Anne D. Thuesen ◽  
Stine H. Finsen ◽  
Louise L. Rasmussen ◽  
Ditte C. Andersen ◽  
Boye L. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Induced Hypertension

T-type Ca2+ channel Cav3.1 promotes microvessel contraction ex vivo. It was hypothesized that in vivo, functional deletion of Cav3.1, but not Cav3.2, protects mice against angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were measured continuously with chronically indwelling catheters during infusion of ANG II (30 ng·kg−1·min−1, 7 days) in wild-type (WT), Cav3.1−/−, and Cav3.2−/− mice. Plasma aldosterone and renin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays. In a separate series, WT mice were infused with ANG II (100 ng·kg−1·min−1) with and without the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker canrenoate. Cav3.1−/− and Cav3.2−/− mice exhibited no baseline difference in MAP compared with WT mice, but day-night variation was blunted in both Cav3.1 and Cav3.2−/− mice. ANG II increased significantly MAP in WT, Cav3.1−/−, and Cav3.2−/− mice with no differences between genotypes. Heart rate was significantly lower in Cav3.1−/− and Cav3.2−/− mice compared with control mice. After ANG II infusion, plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly lower in Cav3.1−/− compared with Cav3.2−/− mice. In response to ANG II, fibrosis was observed in heart sections from both WT and Cav3.1−/− mice and while cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA was similar, the brain natriuretic peptide mRNA increase was mitigated in Cav3.1−/− mice ANG II at 100 ng/kg yielded elevated pressure and an increased heart weight-to-body weight ratio in WT mice. Cardiac hypertrophy, but not hypertension, was prevented by the mineralocorticoid receptor blocker canrenoate. In conclusion, T-type channels Cav3.1and Cav3.2 do not contribute to baseline blood pressure levels and ANG II-induced hypertension. Cav3.1, but not Cav3.2, contributes to aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone promotes cardiac hypertrophy during hypertension.

Alcohol: Effect on Blood Pressure and Predisposition to Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 373s-375s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Arkwright ◽  
L. J. Beilin ◽  
I. Rouse ◽  
B. K. Armstrong ◽  
R. Vandongen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Weekly Alcohol Consumption

1. The association between alcohol consumption and blood pressure was studied in 491 Government employees. The men, aged 21–45 years, volunteered to complete a health questionnaire and submitted to standardized measurements of blood pressure, heart rate and body size. 2. Average weekly alcohol consumption correlated with systolic pressure (r = 0.18, P &lt; 0.001) but not with diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure increased progressively with increasing alcohol consumption with no obvious threshold effect. The effect of alcohol was independent of age, obesity (Quetelet's index) or cigarette smoking. 3. Results indicate that alcohol ranks close to obesity as a preventable cause of essential hypertension in the community.

The Influence of Neonatal Treatment with Guanethidine on the Development of Isolation-Induced Hypertension in Adult Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Gardiner ◽  
T. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neonatal Treatment ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

1. Rats housed individually in glass metabolism cages develop hypertension. Since previous experiments have provided some evidence for the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of the hypertension, the present work was designed to explore the possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the genesis of isolation-induced hypertension. 2. Male and female Wistar rats were treated neonatally with guanethidine, with a protocol designed to produce an extensive peripheral sympathectomy; control rats received saline. 3. The effects of isolation on systolic blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balances were studied when the rats were mature. 4. Guanethidine-treated rats did not develop hypertension in response to isolation whereas control rats did. 5. There were no significant differences between the fluid and electrolyte balances of the guanethidine-treated rats compared with controls throughout the period of isolation. 6. It is concluded that a fully functional sympathetic nervous system is required for the development of isolation-induced hypertension, but its involvement is not through a modulation of renal function.

scholarly journals Etorphine-halothane anaesthesia in two five-year-old African elephants (Loxodonta africana) : clinical communication

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Anaesthesia of 2 five-year-old femaleAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana) was required for dental surgery. The animals were each premedicated with 120 mg of azaperone 60 min before transportation to the hospital. Before offloading, 1 mg etorphine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to each elephant to facilitate walking them to the equine induction / recovery room. For induction, 2 mg etorphine was administered i.m. to each animal. Induction was complete within 6 min. Surgical anaesthesia was induced with halothane-in-oxygen after intubation of the trunk. During surgery the mean heart rate was 61 and 45 beats / min respectively. Systolic blood pressures increased to 27.5 and 25.6 kPa respectively, and were treated with intravenous azaperone. Blood pressure decreased thereafter to a mean systolic pressure of 18.1 and 19.8 kPa, respectively. Rectal temperature was 35.6 and 33.9 oC at the onset of surgery, and decreased to 35.3 and 33.5 oC, respectively, at the end of anaesthesia. Etorphine anaesthesia was reversed with 5mg diprenorphine at the completion of 90 min of surgery.

Acute Intraarterial Blood Pressure Response to Bench Press Weight Lifting in Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Nau ◽  
Victor L. Katch ◽  
Robert H. Beekman ◽  
Macdonald Dick
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Peak Pressures

Intraarterial blood pressure (BP) response to bench press weight lifting (WL) was evaluated in 11 children. Aortic systolic and diastolic pressures and heart rate (HR) were measured during WL. Baseline systolic and diastolic pressures were 120 and 81 mmHg, and HR was 86 bpm. Subjects lifted to voluntary fatigue weights equaling 60, 75, 90, and 100% of their predetermined one-repetition maximum (1RM). For each weight lifting condition, BP and HR increased as more repetitions were completed. Peak systolic pressure was 168, 177, 166, and 162 mmHg, peak diastolic pressure was 125, 139, 133, and 130 mmHg, and peak heart rate was 142, 148, 142, and 139 bpm at 60, 75, 90, and 100% 1RM, respectively. Peak BP and HR were greater during WL than rest but did not differ between conditions. The relative BP response to WL in children was similar to adult values. For all conditions, pressures increased as more repetitions were completed. It was concluded that peak pressures occur at voluntary fatigue, independent of the combination of resistance and repetitions used to achieve fatigue.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document