Endotoxin contamination in ovalbumin as viewed from a nano‐immunotherapy perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guibin Pang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Yangyun Wang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Fujun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endotoxin Contamination

Evaluation of EndoTrap® blue for removing endotoxin contamination from Echinacea extracts

Planta Medica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gusenleitner ◽  
K Woelkart ◽  
S Barth ◽  
R Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Endotoxin Contamination

Interference of Gold Nanoparticles with In vitro Endotoxin Detection Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Vetten ◽  
Mary Gulumian
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate ◽  
Chromogenic Assay ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽  
Endotoxin Contamination ◽  
Factor C

Background: Endotoxin-free engineered nanoparticle suspensions are imperative for their successful applications in the field of nanomedicine as well as in the investigations in their toxicity. Gold nanoparticles are known to interfere with various in vitro assays due to their optical properties and potential for surface reactivity. In vitro endotoxin testing assays are known to be susceptible to interference caused by the sample being tested. Objective: This study aimed to identify a preferred assay for the testing of endotoxin contamination in gold nanoparticle suspensions. Methods: The interference by gold nanoparticles on three assays namely, the commonly used limulus amebocyte lysate chromogenic assay, the limulus amebocyte lysate gel-clot method, and the less common recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay, was tested. Results: Possible interference could be observed with all three assays. The interference with the absorbance- based chromogenic assay could not be overcome by dilution; whilst the qualitative nature of the gel-clot assay excluded the possibility of distinguishing between a false positive result due to enhancement of the sensitivity of the assay, and genuine endotoxin contamination. However, interference with the rFC assay was easily overcome through dilution. Conclusion: The rFC assay is recommended as an option for endotoxin contamination detection in gold nanoparticle suspensions.

scholarly journals Endotoxin contamination in the dental surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1230-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Huntington ◽  
J. F. Williams ◽  
C. D. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Endotoxin Exposure ◽  
Endotoxin Contamination ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Counts

Dental waterlines contain large numbers of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin, a component of such organisms, has significant health implications. Paired samples of dental unit water and the aerosols generated during dental procedures were collected, and assayed for bacteria and endotoxin levels, using heterotrophic plate counts and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Consistent with published studies, the extent of bacterial contamination in the dental waters sampled for this investigation surpassed the levels associated with potable water, with counts in excess of 2.0×106 c.f.u. ml−1 in some samples. Correspondingly high concentrations of endotoxin [up to 15 000 endotoxin units (EU) ml−1] were present in the water. A statistically significant Spearman correlation coefficient of ρ=0.94 between endotoxin (EU ml−1) and bacterial load (c.f.u. ml−1) was demonstrated. All of the aerosol samples contained detectable endotoxin. Further studies of the consequences of dental endotoxin exposure, and evaluation of means to prevent exposure, are warranted.

Endotoxin Contamination of Foley Catheters Associated With Fevers Following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Gephart
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Single Lumen ◽  
Endotoxin Contamination ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractIn 1980 an investigation was conducted due to an apparent cluster of fevers following transurethral resections of the prostate (TURP), where the presence of prostatitis or urinary tract infections (UTIs) could not account for most cases, and the usage of antimicrobials did not prevent them. When unused, prepackaged, sterilized samples from 13 lots of triple lumen catheters were analyzed, four were found to contain high levels of endotoxin (ET), with a range of 49,150-≥ 6.25 ng/catheter. Additionally, these lots were highly pyrogenic to rabbits. The maximum incidence of febrile patients (42%) correlated with usage of catheters from the lot where ET levels were the highest. The febrile rate for a second urologist, who used single lumen catheters, was less (12/33 v 0/12). Further consideration should be given to sterile operative equipment which may still be pyrogenic.

scholarly journals Endotoxin Contamination in Commercially Available Pokeweed Mitogen Contributes to the Activation of Murine Macrophages and Human Dendritic Cell Maturation

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Seung Yang ◽  
Hye Jin Kim ◽  
Young Hee Ryu ◽  
Cheol-Heui Yun ◽  
Dae Kyun Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Dendritic Cell Maturation ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Endotoxin Contamination ◽  
Tlr4 Activation

ABSTRACT Commercially available pokeweed mitogen (PWM) has been reported to activate macrophages, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). However, we found that polymyxin B (PMB), a specific inhibitor of endotoxin activity, inhibited the PWM-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and NO and the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). A kinetic-turbidimetric Limulus amebocyte lysate assay demonstrated that commercial PWM contained substantial endotoxin, over 104 endotoxin units/mg of the PWM. A PWM repurified by PMB-coupled beads no longer induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TLR4 activation, or dendritic cell maturation. However, the repurified PWM remained able to induce proliferation of human lymphocytes, which is a representative characteristic of PWM. These results suggest that commercial PWM might be contaminated with a large amount of endotoxin, resulting in the attribution of misleading immunological properties to PWM.

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