Freeze-Dried Chlorella vulgaris as Food for Daphnia magna Straus in Toxicity Testing

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Naylor ◽  
M.C. Bradley ◽  
P. Calow
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Freeze Dried

Toxicity of 39 MEIC Chemicals to Bioluminescent Photobacteria (The Biotox™ Test): Correlation with Other Test Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kahru ◽  
Barbara Borchardt
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Light Loss ◽  
Test Correlation

Photobacterium phosphoreum are naturally luminescent marine bacteria, which emit light as a result of metabolism. Any damage to the cellular metabolism caused by a toxic substance can therefore be monitored by measuring the change in light output of the bacteria, the light loss being proportional to the degree of toxicity. The Biotox™ test, based on reconstituted freeze-dried (viable) Photobacterium phosphoreum as the test organism, was used for the short-term toxicity testing of 39 chemicals from the MEIC list. Concentration-effect curves for these 39 chemicals were measured and five-minute EC50 values (the concentration of chemical, mM, which reduces the light output of the bacteria by 50% after contact for five minutes) were calculated. The EC50 data from the Biotox test were correlated with data from the literature: octanol/water partition coefficients, EC50 data from the Microtox™ test, minimal inhibitory concentration values for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and acute toxicity data from animal and human cell lines, rodents and man. The correlation coefficients ranged between 0.63 and 0.93.

Frozen algae as food for Daphnia magna straus in toxicity testing

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen J. Cox ◽  
Caroline Naylor ◽  
P. Calow
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Testing

scholarly journals Determination and Analysis of Metals in Freshwater Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) through Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF)

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
J. I. Bungudu ◽  
Lorrie M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Significant Difference

This work investigates the concentration of some trace elements in freshwater microalgae ( Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis) through total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF). Slurry samples were prepared from 3.4 ± 0.5 to 9.8 ± 0.5 mg of freeze-dried algae biomass for direct metals analysis. Gallium was used as internal standard at concentration of 500 µg/L and the solution was mixed for 15 second using vortex. The concentrations of different metals including Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) were determined in the ranged 6.8 ± 1.7 – 15709 mg/kg. A similar study investigated the total macro and micronutrient profile Chlorella vulgaris and the published data agree with current study. Statistical analysis shows that only Ba has significant difference between Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis (P = 0.05) The two investigated algal species shows a measurable concentration using TXRF of metals such as manganese, iron, copper, and zinc. TXRF shows good accuracy with ability to determine sample in small quantities (µl) In conclusion, the sensitivity of TXRF technique can also be seen in determining elements with lower atomic number such as Ca, P and K.

scholarly journals Toxicity assessment of residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Smyatskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Residual Biomass

In this paper, the determination of the toxicity of residual biomass of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana by the method of biotesting with use of the test – object Daphnia magna Straus and algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer. Determination of the toxic effect is necessary for planning the possibility of further use of waste, as a sorption material for wastewater treatment, as a co-substrate for fermentation of organic waste and in the production of biogas. The residual biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae is formed after the extraction of valuable components (lipid complex, pigments, proteins, etc.). The extraction of the lipid complex uses organic solvents (hexane, ethyl alcohol), the remains of which can remain in the residual biomass. Determined the acute toxicity of residual biomass of microalgae by water extraction with the help of test-object Daphnia magna Straus and the test object microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer according to standard methods. According to the study waste source of residual biomass to treat the IV class of hazard, ЛКР50-48 = 11.7; БКР10-48 = 35.48. To reduce the toxic effect is proposed to conduct heat treatment. Heat treatment was carried out in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 105 oС for 1 hour. Experimental studies using Daphnia magna Straus crustaceans showed that the value of A is 3%, which indicates the absence of toxicity of residual biomass. When using microalgae toxicity criterion was also not exceeded in any dilution of water, including its original undiluted version. It is established that after heat treatment the residual biomass of microalgae becomes non-toxic and has a V hazard class. The results indicate the possibility of re-use of residual biomass.

scholarly journals Impact of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna mortality and reproduction in relation to food availability

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Aljaibachi ◽  
Amanda Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
The Impact

Microplastics (MPs) in the environment continue to be a growing area of concern in terms of acute and chronic impacts on aquatic life. Whilst increasing numbers of studies are providing important insights into microparticle behaviour and impacts in the marine environment, a paucity of information exists regarding the freshwater environment. This study focusses on the uptake, retention and the impact of 2 µm polystyrene MPs in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna in relation to food intake (algae Chlorella vulgaris), with MP size chosen to approximately match the cell size of the algae. Daphnia were exposed to varied concentrations of MPs and algae. When exposed to a single concentration of MPs Daphnia almost immediately ate them in large quantities. However, the presence of algae, even at low concentrations, had a significant negative impact on MP uptake that was not in proportion to relative availability. As MP concentrations increased, intake did not if algae were present, even at higher concentrations of MPs. This suggests that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating plastics. Adult Daphnia exposed to MPs for 21 days showed mortality after seven days of exposure in all treatments compared to the control. However significant differences were all related to algal concentration rather than to MP concentration. This suggests that where ample food is present, MPs have little effect on adults. There was also no impact on their reproduction. The neonate toxicity test confirmed previous results that mortality and reproduction was linked to availability of food rather than MP concentrations. This would make sense in light of our suggestion that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating microplastics.

Surfactants – standard determination methods in comparison with substance specific mass spectrometric methods and toxicity testing by Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Q. Li ◽  
H. F. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Pressure Chemical

The recovery of different types of surfactants formerly applied and up-coming new ones from spiked wastewater and ultra-pure water was examined by sum parameter determinations (substance-group-specific Methylene Blue (MBAS), Bismuth Active (BiAS) and Disulfine Blue Active Substances (DSBAS)) and by substance-specific mass spectrometric detection (MS). For MS determination atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) was applied in the flow injection (FIA) and liquid chromatographic separation (LC) mode. Quantitation was performed in the multiple ion detection mode using mass and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometric detection. In parallel the ecotoxicological potential of these surfactants was determined by Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri toxicity testing. MS was found to provide more reliable data in surfactant analysis than the substance-group-specific methods. The toxicity of the up-coming new surfactants against water organisms should not be neglected.

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