Electric Potential (ψδ and ψd) at Outer Helmholtz Plane and Midplane on the Clay Colloid Surface with Overlapping Flat Double Layers

2000 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Xin ◽  
Zhou Jian-Min ◽  
Ji Guo-Liang ◽  
Yu Tian-Ren
Keyword(s):  
Electric Potential ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Clay Colloid ◽  
Outer Helmholtz Plane

scholarly journals Electrostatic double layers as auroral particle accelerators – a problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-482
Author(s):  
D. A. Bryant ◽  
G. M. Courtier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Electron Acceleration ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Electrostatic Waves ◽  
Auroral Electron ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract. A search of the Annales Geophysicae database shows that double layers and other quasi-static electric potential structures have been invoked hundreds of times since the year 2000 as being the agents of auroral electron acceleration. This is despite the fact that energy transfer by conservative fields has been known for some 200 years to be impossible. Attention is drawn to a long-standing interpretation of the acceleration process in terms of the dynamic fields of electrostatic waves.

scholarly journals Steric Effects on Electroosmotic Nano-Thrusters under High Zeta Potentials

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3222
Author(s):  
Jiaxuan Zheng ◽  
Siyi An ◽  
Yongjun Jian
Keyword(s):  
Electric Potential ◽  
Steric Effect ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Zeta Potentials

Here, space electroosmotic thrusters in a rigid nanochannel with high wall zeta potentials are investigated numerically, for the first time, considering the effect of finite size of the ionic species. The effect, which is called a steric effect, is often neglected in research about micro/nano thrusters. However, it has vital influences on the electric potential and flow velocity in electric double layers, so that the thruster performances generated by the fluid motion are further affected. These performances, including thrust, specific impulse, thruster efficiency, and the thrust-to-power ratio, are described by using numerical algorithms, after obtaining the electric potential and velocity distributions under high wall zeta potentials ranging from −25.7 mV to −128.5 mV. As expected, the zeta potential can promote the development of thruster performances so as to satisfy the requirement of space missions. Moreover, for real situation with consideration of the steric effect, the thruster thrust and efficiency significantly decrease to 5–30 micro Newtons and 80–90%, respectively, but the thrust-to-power ratio is opposite, and expends a short specific impulse of about 50–110 s.

Effect of active control of electric potential of filter medium on depth filtration

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kishimoto ◽  
H. Kawasaki ◽  
T. Sasaki ◽  
S. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Depth Filtration ◽  
Medium Potential

The effect of active control of electric potential of filter medium on depth filtration was explored experimentally. Activated carbon particles were selected as the conductive filter medium. The filter medium potential was controlled with an external DC power supply. Kaolin particles were used as the model suspended solid. The activated carbon and kaolin had negative zeta potential around neutral pH. When the filter medium potential against a counter electrode was greater than or equal to + 0.2 V, rejection rate of particles was 1.8 times higher than that when the potential was less than + 0.2 V. Thus adsorption of particles by interaction of electric double layers was enhanced by maintaining a positive charge on the filter media. Desorption of kaolin trapped on the filter media was also confirmed by changing the filter medium potential from positive to negative. The percentage of kaolin particles desorbed was 11% of the kaolin trapped on the filter media. The desorption rate was not high, but this technique will enhance refreshment of the filter media when combined with back washing.

Coating of continuous carbon fibers with double layers by chemical vapor deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-885-Pr3-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Popovska ◽  
S. Schmidt ◽  
E. Edelmann ◽  
V. K. Wunder ◽  
H. Gerhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Double Layers

Cracking at the fold in double layer coated paper: the influence of latex and starch composition

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
SEYYED MOHAMMAD HASHEMI NAJAFI ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD, ◽  
MEHDI TAJVIDI
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Coated Papers ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Scanned Images ◽  
Packaging Paper

Cracking at the fold of publication and packaging paper grades is a serious problem that can lead to rejection of product. Recent work has revealed some basic mechanisms and the influence of various parameters on the extent of crack area, but no studies are reported using coating layers with known mechanical properties, especially for double-coated systems. In this study, coating layers with different and known mechanical properties were used to characterize crack formation during folding. The coating formulations were applied on two different basis weight papers, and the coated papers were folded. The binder systems in these formulations were different combinations of a styrene-butadiene latex and mixtures of latex and starch for two different pigment volume concentrations (PVC). Both types of papers were coated with single and double layers. The folded area was scanned with a high-resolution scanner while the samples were kept at their folded angle. The scanned images were analyzed within a constant area. The crack areas were reported for different types of papers, binder system and PVC values. As PVC, starch content, and paper basis weight increased, the crack area increased. Double layer coated papers with high PVC and high starch content at the top layer had more cracks in comparison with a single layer coated paper, but when the PVC of the top layer was low, cracking area decreased. No measurable cracking was observed when the top layer was formulated with a 100% latex layer.

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