scholarly journals Selecting sites for large-scale deployment of artificial reefs in Hong Kong: constraint mapping and prioritization techniques

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. S164-S170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R KENNISH
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Constraint Mapping

scholarly journals Academic resilience: underlying norms and validity of definitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-202
Author(s):  
Wangqiong Ye ◽  
Rolf Strietholt ◽  
Sigrid Blömeke
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Academic Resilience ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Student Background ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Diverse Cultures ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractAcademic resilience refers to students’ capacity to perform highly despite a disadvantaged background. Although most studies using international large-scale assessment (ILSA) data defined academic resilience with two criteria, student background and achievement, their conceptualizations and operationalizations varied substantially. In a systematic review, we identified 20 ILSA studies applying different criteria, different approaches to setting thresholds (the same fixed ones across countries or relative country-specific ones), and different threshold levels. Our study on the validity of these differences and how they affected the composition of academically resilient students revealed that the classification depended heavily on the threshold applied. When a fixed background threshold was applied, the classification was likely to be affected by the developmental state of a country. This could result in an overestimation of the proportions of academically resilient students in some countries while an underestimation in others. Furthermore, compared to the application of a social or economic capital indication, applying a cultural capital indicator may lead to lower shares of disadvantaged students classified as academically resilient. The composition of academically resilient students varied significantly by gender and language depending on which indicator of human capital or which thresholds were applied reflecting underlying societal characteristics. Conclusions drawn from such different results depending on the specific conceptualizations and operationalizations would vary greatly. Finally, our study utilizing PISA 2015 data from three countries representing diverse cultures and performance levels revealed that a stronger sense of belonging to a school significantly increased the chances to be classified as academically resilient in Peru, but not in Norway or Hong Kong. In contrast, absence from school was significantly associated with academic resilience in Norway and Hong Kong, but not in Peru.

scholarly journals Enhancing Form-Based Code: A parametric approach to urban volumetric morphology in high density cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yingyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Density ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Urban Regulation ◽  
Modelling System

<p>Parametric tools have been broadly implemented in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Recently, an increasing volume of research finds that parametric tools also have the capability to facilitate large-scale planning and urban design. Much of this research, however, focuses on parametric representation or environment simulation. There is insufficient research about using parametric tools to enhance urban regulation. Parametric tools can provide smart design procedures by integrating strategies, solutions and expressions in one system. They may allow alternative approaches to urban regulation that conventional tools do not process.  This research aims to create a parametric modelling system to aid urban regulation. The system offers a visualised coding interface to manipulate parameters and achieve interactive performance feedback at the early stage of urban regulation. Form-Based Code uses the modelling system in this research. It generates a specific morphology by controlling physical form with less focus on land use. With the rise of New Urbanism, Form-Based Code has been used in various American regulation projects. This research extends the application of Form-Based Code, adopting it for urban-peripheral environments outside of the USA. High-density cities where provide the volumetric morphology context is important for this work. Tsim Sha Tsui area of Hong Kong works as an experimental site.  The feasibility of parametric urban regulation is examined by developing a parametric modelling system for Form-Based Code in Hong Kong. Understanding the site’s form characteristics, the transect matrix of Form-Based Code is expanded by incorporating multi-layered zone types and regulating plans. Embedding the zones into parametric modelling software Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D, a regenerative prototype works to create real-time scenarios responding to parameters, rules and geometry constraints. The results of parametric urban regulation are evaluated by both Form-Based Code standards and local urban regulation standards to assess its feasibility in context.  This research demonstrates that the parametric modelling system for Form-Based Code has both technological and implemental potential to work as an alternative approach to urban regulation, especially in complex developments. Form complexity is a reflection of sophisticated human-society systems and the sequential evolution of a dynamic morphology. Form-Based Code is enhanced by the parametric modelling system to describe and regulate form complexity in a logical manner. Additionally, although parametric Form-Based Code processing is based on the original Form-Based Code, it is not limited to that. Describing urban regulation with visualised models bridges specialists and the public in community demonstrations and code assembling. The parametric modelling system has a positive impact on resolving challenges, predicting outcomes, and applying urban regulation innovation to the volumetric morphology of high-density cities in Asia.</p>

Terminating Architecture: Mega-Development in Hong Kong

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Li Shiqiao
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Physical Features

This paper examines large development projects as a function of finance in the context of Hong Kong, taking Kowloon Station as an exceptionally revealing case. Hong Kong's property market is one of the most established in Asia, and it points to the ways in which large-scale development schemes proliferate along efficient and affordable mass transit railway systems with great speed and success. At Kowloon Station, finance redefines architecture; instead of focusing on aesthetics and community, it is now promoting standardization, market visibility and semantic control. The financial viability of these developments depends entirely on these new goals; mega-developments such as Kowloon Station – and those in other parts of Asia – are successful in inventing major mass transit railway stations as terminals, in capturing commuters within spatial enclosures surrounded by barrier-like physical features, and in terminating architecture as it has long been established as a discipline. Mega-development is increasingly reinventing the contemporary Asian city.

scholarly journals Temperature and age–gender effects on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Chien Tat Low ◽  
Poh Chin Lai ◽  
Paul Sai Shun Yeung ◽  
Axel Yuet Chung Siu ◽  
Kelvin Tak Yiu Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Temperature is a key factor influencing the occurrence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, yet there is no equivalent study in Hong Kong. This study reports results involving a large-scale territory-wide investigation on the impacts of ambient temperature and age–gender differences on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcome in Hong Kong. Methods: This study included 25,467 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases treated by the Hong Kong Fire Services Department between December 2011 and November 2016 inclusive. Simple correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases and temperature, age and gender. Calendar charts were used to visualise temporal patterns of pre-hospital emergency medical services related to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases. Results: A strong negative curvilinear relationship was found between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and daily temperature (r2 > 0.9) with prominent effects on elderly people aged ≥85 years. For each unit decrease in mean temperature in °C, there was a maximum of 5.6% increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases among all age groups and 7.3% increase in the ≥85 years elderly age group. Men were slightly more at risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest compared with women. The demand for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest–related emergency medical services was highest between 06:00 and 11:00 in the wintertime. Conclusion: This study provides the first local evidence linking weather and demographic effects with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Hong Kong. It offers empirical evidence to policymakers in support of strengthening existing emergency medical services to deal with the expected increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the wintertime and in regions with a large number of elderly population.

Success and Failure in Building Electronic Infrastructures in the Air Cargo Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Ellen Christiaanse ◽  
Jan Damsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Hong Kong Sar ◽  
Global Systems ◽  
Community Systems

Reasons behind the failure and success of large-scale information systems projects continue to puzzle everyone involved in the design and implementation of IT. In particular in the airline industry very successful (passenger reservation) systems have been built which have totally changed the competitive arena of the industry. On the cargo side, however, attempts to implement large-scale community systems have largely failed across the globe. Air cargo parties are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of IT and they understand the value that IOS could provide for the total value chain performance. However, whereas in other sectors IOSs have been very successful, there are only fragmented examples of successful global systems in the air cargo community, and the penetration of IOS in the air cargo industry is by no means pervasive. This case describes the genesis and evolution of two IOSs in the air cargo community and identifies plausible explanations that lead one to be a success and one to be a failure. The two examples are drawn from Europe and from Hong Kong SAR. The case clearly demonstrates that it was the complex, institutional and technical choices made by the initiators of the system in terms of their competitive implications that were the main causes for the systems’ fate. The case thus concludes that it was the institutional factors involved in the relationships of the stakeholders that led to the opposite manifestations of the two initiatives, and that such factors should be taken into account when designing and implementing large-scale information systems.

How come silence is sweet but sweetness is not silent: a cognitive account of directionality in poetic synaesthesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshayahu Shen ◽  
Michal Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Poetic Discourse ◽  
Constraint Mapping ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Historical Periods

Synaesthesia (e.g. 'sweet silence') consists of the mapping of properties from one modality to another. The present article introduces a cognitive account regarding the directionality of the mapping in poetic discourse. Firstly, we suggest that mapping from lower modalities onto higher ones (e.g. from 'touch' onto 'sight') is more frequently used in poetic discourse than the opposite mapping (i.e. from higher to lower modalities). The findings of a textual analysis of a large-scale poetic corpus are introduced, which support this proposal, and reveal that the 'low to high' mapping is more frequently used than its inverse, and that this tendency is a universal one (across national boundaries and historical periods). Secondly, we propose a cognitive account for this universal tendency according to which the 'low to high' mapping conforms to (while its inverse violates) the following cognitive constraint: mapping from a more accessible concept onto a less accessible one is more natural than its inverse. The findings of an interpretation experiment are introduced, which provide some support for this account by suggesting that the more frequently used structure (i.e. the mapping from the more accessible to the less accessible sense) is easier to comprehend than its inverse. We conclude by proposing that aspects of poetic language are themselves constrained by general cognitive constraints.

Lineage, Food and Ritual in a Chinese Metropolis

Anthropos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Guo ◽  
Carsten Herrmann-Pillath
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Public Role ◽  
The Common

Thirty years ago, the eminent sinologist James Watson published a paper in Anthropos on ‘common pot’ dining in the New Territories of Hong Kong, a banquet ritual that differs fundamentally from established social norms in Chinese society. We explore the recent career of the ‘common pot’ in neighbouring Shenzhen, where it has become an important symbol manifesting the strength and public role of local lineages in the rapidly growing mega-city. We present two cases, the Wen lineage and the Huang lineage. In case of the Wen, we show how the practice relates to their role as landholding groups, organized in a ‘Shareholding Cooperative Companies’ that is owned collectively by the lineage. In the Huang case, identity politics looms large in the context of globalization. In large-scale ‘big common pot festivals’ of the global Huang surname association, traditional conceptions of kinship merge with modernist conceptions of national identity.

Singapore's Lee will call early poll despite risks

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Deputy Prime Minister

Significance Bringing the poll forward could be risky for Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's People's Action Party (PAP), as it faces a new opposition party and worsening economic conditions. Impacts Tan Cheng Bock will at the next election attempt to unite the opposition behind his Progress Singapore Party. Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat will likely succeed as prime minister when Lee eventually leaves the post. Singapore's economy is unlikely to benefit from any large-scale redirecting of investment from Hong Kong, despite the protests there.

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