Determination and Evaluation of the Surface Region of Breast Tumors Using Ultrasonic Echohraphy

2006 ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyong Cheng ◽  
Iwaki Akiyama ◽  
Syuji Ogawa ◽  
Kouichi Itoh ◽  
Kiyoka Omoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Region ◽  
Breast Tumors

A technique to prepare cross-sectional TEM specimens of semiconducting devices

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 742-743
Author(s):  
A. K. Rai ◽  
P. P. Pronko
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Device Structures ◽  
Ion Implanted

Several techniques have been reported in the past to prepare cross(x)-sectional TEM specimen. These methods are applicable when the sample surface is uniform. Examples of samples having uniform surfaces are ion implanted samples, thin films deposited on substrates and epilayers grown on substrates. Once device structures are fabricated on the surfaces of appropriate materials these surfaces will no longer remain uniform. For samples with uniform surfaces it does not matter which part of the surface region remains in the thin sections of the x-sectional TEM specimen since it is similar everywhere. However, in order to study a specific region of a device employing x-sectional TEM, one has to make sure that the desired region is thinned. In the present work a simple way to obtain thin sections of desired device region is described.

Preparation of cross-sectional samples for near-surface TEM studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
R.C. Dickenson ◽  
K.R. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Standard Sample ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Cold Worked

In thermal oxidation studies, the structure of the oxide-metal interface and the near-surface region is of great importance. A technique has been developed for constructing cross-sectional samples of oxidized aluminum alloys, which reveal these regions. The specimen preparation procedure is as follows: An ultra-sonic drill is used to cut a 3mm diameter disc from a 1.0mm thick sheet of the material. The disc is mounted on a brass block with low-melting wax, and a 1.0mm hole is drilled in the disc using a #60 drill bit. The drill is positioned so that the edge of the hole is tangent to the center of the disc (Fig. 1) . The disc is removed from the mount and cleaned with acetone to remove any traces of wax. To remove the cold-worked layer from the surface of the hole, the disc is placed in a standard sample holder for a Tenupol electropolisher so that the hole is in the center of the area to be polished.

Studies of the scanning ion beam sputter-cleaned MgO crystal surface by scanning reflection electron microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
H.-J. Ou ◽  
J. M. Cowley ◽  
A. A. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy

A scanning ion gun system has been installed on the specimen preparation chamber (pressure ∼5xl0-8 torr) of the VG-HB5 STEM microscope. By using the specimen current imaging technique, it is possible to use an ion beam to sputter-clean the preferred surface region on a bulk sample. As shown in figure 1, the X-Y raster-gate control of the scanning unit for the Krato Mini-Beam I is used to minimize the beam raster area down to a 800μm x800μm square region. With beam energy of 2.5KeV, the MgO cleavage surface has been ion sputter-cleaned for less than 1 minute. The carbon film or other contaminant, introduced during the cleavage process in air, is mostly removed from the MgO crystal surfaces.The immediate SREM inspection of this as-cleaned MgO surface, within the adjacent STEM microscope, has revealed the detailed surface structures of atomic steps, which were difficult to observe on the as-cleaved MgO surfaces in the previous studies.

The Effects of Ion Implantation on the Surface Features of Inconel 600

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
John D. Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Inconel 600 ◽  
Steam Generator Tubing

The degradation of steam generator tubing at nuclear power plants has become an important problem for the electric utilities generating nuclear power. The material used for the tubing, Inconel 600, has been found to be succeptible to intergranular attack (IGA). IGA is the selective dissolution of material along its grain boundaries. The author believes that the sensitivity of Inconel 600 to IGA can be minimized by homogenizing the near-surface region using ion implantation. The collisions between the implanted ions and the atoms in the grain boundary region would displace the atoms and thus effectively smear the grain boundary.To determine the validity of this hypothesis, an Inconel 600 sample was implanted with 100kV N2+ ions to a dose of 1x1016 ions/cm2 and electrolytically etched in a 5% Nital solution at 5V for 20 seconds. The etched sample was then examined using a JEOL JSM25S scanning electron microscope.

Microstructural changes of Aluminum Nitride after laser irradiation and electroless copper deposition

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
S. Cao ◽  
A. J. Pedraza ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Laser Patterning ◽  
Electroless Copper ◽  
Excimer Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Effect

Excimer-laser irradiation strongly modifies the near-surface region of aluminum nitride (AIN) substrates. The surface acquires a distinctive metallic appearance and the electrical resistivity of the near-surface region drastically decreases after laser irradiation. These results indicate that Al forms at the surface as a result of the decomposition of the Al (which has been confirmed by XPS). A computer model that incorporates two opposing phenomena, decomposition of the AIN that leaves a metallic Al film on the surface, and thermal evaporation of the Al, demonstrated that saturation of film thickness and, hence, of electrical resistance is reached when the rate of Al evaporation equals the rate of AIN decomposition. In an electroless copper bath, Cu is only deposited in laser-irradiated areas. This laser effect has been designated laser activation for electroless deposition. Laser activation eliminates the need of seeding for nucleating the initial layer of electroless Cu. Thus, AIN metallization can be achieved by laser patterning followed by electroless deposition.

Breast tumors with large cystic component – a report of four cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ciurea ◽  
A Arpasteuan ◽  
G Dindelegan ◽  
R Motocu ◽  
L Rogojan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Cystic Component

First experience with MRI-guided vacuum aspirated breast biopsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
M. L. Mazo ◽  
O. E. Jacobs ◽  
O. S. Puchkova ◽  
M. V. Feldsherov ◽  
E. V. Kondratyev
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
High Tech ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Mri Guided ◽  
Aesthetic Breast

The rate of detection of breast cancer by MRI, while other methods of radiological diagnosis are not sufficiently informative, ranges from 5.2 to 26.3 per cent. Suspicious breast tumors of category BI-RADS 4, 5 show morphological image-guided biopsy verification, in particular MRI with contrast. Purpose. To show the possibilities and features of carrying out MRI-guided vacuum breast biopsy, including after aesthetic breast augmentation. Material and methods. A comprehensive X-ray, ultrasound and MRI examination of 54 women aged between 28 and 70 years with different breast tumors was conducted. Of these, five were detected only by breast MRI with contrast, and were morphologically verified by MRI-guided vacuum aspiration biopsy. Results. 14 of the 54 patients with breast mass were diagnosed with breast cancer and 26 were diagnosed with benign diseases. The effectiveness of comprehensive examination and low-invasive high-tech MRI-guided procedures in early refined screening for breast cancer, including after aesthetic breast augmentation, has been demonstrated. MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy is a fast, safe and accurate diagnostic method of morphological verification of suspicious breast tumors that do not have X-ray and ultrasound.

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