’smart’ Design: Greening the Total Product System

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated enzymatic hydroxylation of fatty acids present a green alternative to chemical synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), which are high-value oleochemicals with various uses in materials industry and medical field. Although many CYPs require the presence of additional reductase proteins for catalytic activity, self-sufficient CYPs have their reductase partner naturally fused into their catalytic domain, leading to a greatly simplified biotransformation process. A recently discovered self-sufficient CYP, BAMF2522 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM 7, exhibits novel regioselectivity by hydroxylating in-chain positions of palmitic acid generating ω-1 to ω-7 HFAs, a rare regiodiversity profile among CYPs. Besides, F89I mutant of BAMF2522 expanded hydroxylation up to ω-9 position of palmitic acid. Here, we further characterize this enzyme by determining optimum temperature and pH as well as thermal stability. Moreover, using extensive site-directed and site-saturation mutagenesis, we obtained BAMF2522 variants that demonstrate greatly increased regioselectivity for in-chain positions (ω-4 to ω-9) of various medium to long chain fatty acids. Remarkably, when a six-residue mutant was reacted with palmitic acid, 84% of total product content was the sum of ω-7, ω-8 and ω-9 HFA products, the highest in-chain selectivity observed to date with a self-sufficient CYP. In short, our study demonstrates the potential of a recently identified CYP and its mutants for green and sustainable production of a variety of in-chain hydroxy enriched HFAs.

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NOAA Satellite Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) Version 3.0 Generates Higher Accuracy Blended Satellite Soil Moisture

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12172861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 2861

Author(s):

Jifu Yin ◽

Xiwu Zhan ◽

Jicheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Real Time ◽

Land Surface ◽

Vital Role ◽

Product System ◽

Global Soil ◽

One Stop ◽

Satellite Sensors ◽

Blended Data

Soil moisture plays a vital role for the understanding of hydrological, meteorological, and climatological land surface processes. To meet the need of real time global soil moisture datasets, a Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) has been developed at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to produce a one-stop shop for soil moisture observations from all available satellite sensors. What makes the SMOPS unique is its near real time global blended soil moisture product. Since the first version SMOPS publicly released in 2010, the SMOPS has been updated twice based on the users’ feedbacks through improving retrieval algorithms and including observations from new satellite sensors. The version 3.0 SMOPS has been operationally released since 2017. Significant differences in climatological averages lead to remarkable distinctions in data quality between the newest and the older versions of SMOPS blended soil moisture products. This study reveals that the SMOPS version 3.0 has overwhelming advantages of reduced data uncertainties and increased correlations with respect to the quality controlled in situ measurements. The new version SMOPS also presents more robust agreements with the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA_CCI) soil moisture datasets. With the higher accuracy, the blended data product from the new version SMOPS is expected to benefit the hydrological, meteorological, and climatological researches, as well as numerical weather, climate, and water prediction operations.

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Identifying ways of closing the metal flow loop in the global mobile phone product system: A system dynamics modeling approach

Resources Conservation and Recycling ◽

10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.05.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 65-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Rajib Sinha ◽

Rafael Laurenti ◽

Jagdeep Singh ◽

Maria E. Malmström ◽

Björn Frostell

Keyword(s):

System Dynamics ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Metal Flow ◽

System Dynamics Modeling ◽

Product System ◽

Dynamics Modeling ◽

Flow Loop ◽

Modeling Approach ◽

System A

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Modelling and simulation of functional product system availability and support costs

International Journal of Product Development ◽

10.1504/ijpd.2012.049838 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (3/4) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Magnus Löfstrand ◽

Sean Reed ◽

Magnus Karlberg ◽

John Andrews ◽

Lennart Karlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Modelling And Simulation ◽

Product System ◽

System Availability ◽

Support Costs ◽

Functional Product

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ON PRODUCT SYSTEMS ARISING FROM SUM SYSTEMS

Infinite Dimensional Analysis Quantum Probability and Related Topics ◽

10.1142/s0219025705001834 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 1-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. V. RAJARAMA BHAT ◽

R. SRINIVASAN

Keyword(s):

Hilbert Spaces ◽

Von Neumann Algebra ◽

Type I ◽

Product System ◽

Von Neumann ◽

Type Iii ◽

Product Systems ◽

Weyl Representation ◽

Uncountable Family ◽

Type Spaces

B. Tsirelson constructed an uncountable family of type III product systems of Hilbert spaces through the theory of Gaussian spaces, measure type spaces and "slightly colored noises", using techniques from probability theory. Here we take a purely functional analytic approach and try to have a better understanding of Tsireleson's construction and his examples. We prove an extension of Shale's theorem connecting symplectic group and Weyl representation. We show that the "Shale map" respects compositions (this settles an old conjecture of K. R. Parthasarathy8). Using this we associate a product system to a sum system. This construction includes the exponential product system of Arveson, as a trivial case, and the type III examples of Tsirelson. By associating a von Neumann algebra to every "elementary set" in [0, 1], in a much simpler and direct way, we arrive at the invariants of the product system introduced by Tsirelson, given in terms of the sum system. Then we introduce a notion of divisibility for a sum system, and prove that the examples of Tsirelson are divisible. It is shown that only type I and type III product systems arise out of divisible sum systems. Finally, we give a sufficient condition for a divisible sum system to give rise to a unitless (type III) product system.

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The Ecological Footprint Accounting of Products: When Larger Is Not Worse

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources7040065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nicoletta Patrizi ◽

Valentina Niccolucci ◽

Riccardo Pulselli ◽

Elena Neri ◽

Simone Bastianoni

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Product System ◽

Sustainability Evaluation ◽

Competitive Systems ◽

The Status ◽

Resource Accounting ◽

Selection Of

One of the main goals of any (sustainability) indicator should be the communication of a clear, unambiguous, and simplified message about the status of the analyzed system. The selected indicator is expected to declare explicitly how its numerical value depicts a situation, for example, positive or negative, sustainable or unsustainable, especially when a comparison among similar or competitive systems is performed. This aspect should be a primary and discriminating issue when the selection of a set of opportune indicators is operated. The Ecological Footprint (EF) has become one of the most popular and widely used sustainability indicators. It is a resource accounting method with an area based metric in which the units of measure are global hectares or hectares with world average bio-productivity. Its main goal is to underline the link between the (un)sustainability level of a product, a system, an activity or a population life style, with the land demand for providing goods, energy, and ecological services needed to sustain that product, system, activity, or population. Therefore, the traditional rationale behind the message of EF is: the larger EF value, the larger environmental impact in terms of resources use, the lower position in the sustainability rank. The aim of this paper was to investigate if this rationale is everywhere opportune and unambiguous, or if sometimes its use requires paying a special attention. Then, a three-dimensional modification of the classical EF framework for the sustainability evaluation of a product has been proposed following a previous work by Niccolucci and co-authors (2009). Finally, the potentialities of the model have been tested by using a case study from the agricultural context.

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