Using a Linear Diagnostic Function and Non-rigid Registration to Search for Morphological Differences Between Populations: An Example Involving the Male and Female Corpus Callosum

2001 ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Pettey ◽  
James C. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rigid Registration ◽  
Morphological Differences

BIOSYSTEMATICS OF PISSODES GERMAR (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE): SEASONALITY, MORPHOLOGY, AND SYNONYMY OF P. APPROXIMATUS HOPKINS AND P. NEMORENSIS GERMAR

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Stephen A. Teale ◽  
Gerald N. Lanier
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Subjective Synonym

AbstractPissodes approximatus Hopkins (1911) is a junior subjective synonym of P. nemorensis Germar (1824). The conspecificity of these entities, traditionally considered distinct based only on distribution and slight morphological differences, is corroborated here with comparative studies of ecology, behavior, and morphology. When pheromone-baited traps were deployed during the spring (May–June) and fall (November–December) in several localities to examine seasonal activity, southern populations (P. nemorensis sensu Hopkins) responded only in the fall and northern populations only in the spring, but a population in Virginia responded during both seasons. Laboratory studies found that individuals from five southern populations became reproductively mature under 16:8, 12:12, and 8:16 (L:D) photoperiods but weevils in a New York population did not mature under the 8:16 photoperiod. A two-species model based on strict seasonal isolation between northern and southern populations is rejected. Morphometrics revealed significant differences in six body dimensions and three morphometric ratios among 13 populations, but there was no geographic pattern of differences to suggest the existence of two species. Sexual dimorphism in rostrum length was most pronounced in southern populations but occurred in all five populations in which it was investigated. Examination of male and female genitalia revealed similar variation in northern and southern populations and conflicted with previously reported diagnostic differences. Our study and the results of earlier work lead us to conclude that the populations previously represented by the names P. nemorensis and P. approximatus comprise one widely distributed species and display intraspecific variation in life history and morphological characters.

scholarly journals Understanding sex differences in the cost of terrestrial locomotion

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1729) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Lees ◽  
Robert L. Nudds ◽  
Lars P. Folkow ◽  
Karl-Arne Stokkan ◽  
Jonathan R. Codd
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Lagopus Muta ◽  
The Cost

Little is known regarding the physiological consequences of the behavioural and morphological differences that result from sexual selection in birds. Male and female Svalbard rock ptarmigans ( Lagopus muta hyperborea ) exhibit distinctive behavioural differences during the breeding season. In particular, males continuously compete for and defend territories in order to breed successfully, placing large demands on their locomotor system. Here, we demonstrate that male birds have improved locomotor performance compared with females, showing both a lower cost of locomotion (CoL) and a higher top speed. We propose that the observed sex differences in locomotor capability may be due to sexual selection for improved male performance. While the mechanisms underlying these energetic differences are unclear, future studies should be wary when pooling male and female data.

Interseasonal and Intersexual Resource Partitioning in Hairy and White-Headed Woodpeckers

The Auk ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Morrison ◽  
Kimberly A. With
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Winter Foraging ◽  
Bill Morphology ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Differential Ability ◽  
Picoides Villosus ◽  
Negative Relationships

Abstract Foraging behavior in the closely related Hairy (Picoides villosus) and White-headed (P. albolarvatus) woodpeckers was examined in an area of sympatry to evaluate interseasonal and intersexual resource use. Similar foraging heights were observed for each species-sex sample during summer, but significant differences were evident during winter. Male and female White-heads maintained similar relative foraging heights between seasons, whereas male and female Hairies foraged relatively higher during winter. Use of tree species differed significantly for each class between seasons, except for male Hairies. Differences in foraging substrates and tree health also were noted interseasonally. All foraged at similar times of day during summer, but negative relationships occurred between times of foraging during winter; foraging times were significantly different between male Hairies and White-heads. A general trend toward decreased overlap in foraging behaviors during winter was a reflection of concentration of foraging activities on live incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), especially by female White-heads. This change apparently was due to the presence of an abundant and accessible prey (incense cedar scale, Xylococculus macrocarpae) on cedar. Behavioral shifts in foraging activities may be related to the differential ability to extract prey as a function of bill morphology; such an idea can be extended to intersexual as well as interseasonal considerations. Thus, segregation of foraging activities in these two woodpecker species may be attributed to morphological differences and habitat complexity rather than to competitive interactions dictated by resource limititions.

Systematics, distribution and morphology of the newt parasitic water mites of the subgenus Lurchibates Goldschmidt & Fu, 2011 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae, Hygrobates Koch, 1837), including the description of four new species and a key to all so far known species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4985 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
TOM GOLDSCHMIDT ◽  
KANTO NISHIKAWA ◽  
SHIMPEI F. HIRUTA ◽  
TOBIAS PFINGSTL ◽  
JIAN-PING JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Se Asia ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

Four new water mite species of the genus Hygrobates, subgenus Lurchibates (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) are described. Hygrobates (Lurchibates) macrochela sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in male and female; Hygrobates (Lurchibates) malosimilis sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in male, both new water mite species were collected from newts of the species Pachytriton inexpectatus Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui & Mo, 2011; Hygrobates (Lurchibates) incognitus sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in female collected from newts of the species Paramesotriton guangxiensis (Huang, Tang and Tang, 1983); Hygrobates (Lurchibates) fragmentarius sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in a single severely fragmented specimen (sex could not be determined) collected from a newt of the species Paramesotriton yunwuensis Wu, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010. Principal differences between the subgenus Lurchibates and the nominal subgenus Hygrobates s. str. are illustrated and discussed as well as the sexual dimorphism of Lurchibates. Morphometric analyses confirmed the morphological differences of ten out of the eleven so far described species (H. (L.) fragmentarius could not be included in the analysis); two morphological groups became evident mainly based upon the shape of the anterior coxae. These analyses as well provide an idea of possible phylogenetic relationships among the species. A key to all currently known species of the subgenus Lurchibates is given. So far the subgenus is restricted to SE-Asia, a map showing the distribution of all species is presented. 

scholarly journals The micromorphology of the blesbuck louse Damalinia (Damalinia) crenelata as observed under the scanning electron microscope

Koedoe ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Sem Investigation ◽  
Population Numbers

The blesbuck is an important game animal on many game farms and reserves in South Africa. Damalinia crenelata, a biting louse, host-specific to the blesbuck, feed upon epidermal debris of this antelope, leading to severe skin irritation and dermatitis. Symptomatic scratching by the host aggravates these conditions. High infestations may lead to decreased population numbers. Live lice were collected from a blesbuck in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve and prepared for selectron microscopic investigation. Micrographs were recorded. The SEM investigation revealed several micromorphological features not previously described in D. crenelata. Besides the obvious anatomical differences in the reproductive organs of the male and female, several other differences were noted. The antennal flagellae showed morphological differences as well as certain features on the ventral surfaces of the head. Dorsally the forehead was markedly emarginated and showed an acute invagination (clypeo labral suture) in the pulvinal area. The ventral surface of the head clearly demonstrated the structures of the preantennal regions such as ventral carina, pulvinus, labrum, mandibles and clypeus. The epipharynx appeared as an underlying extension of the labrum. The rims of the clypeus were more raised and thickened in the female than in that of the male. The mandibles were not notched and were noted to be angular in shape. The three segments of each of the antennae of the male were thicker and more robust than than those of the female. This could suggest sexual dimorphism in this species. The sensilla basoconica comprised 10 pegs. Pit organs were seen within the pore organs. The prothorax and mesothorax were clearly distinguished. The abdominal segments showed six pairs of spiracles. The male andfemale terminalia were confirmed to be strongly sexually dimorphic. The three pairs oflegs each terminated in a single, long and slender, claw.

scholarly journals Myelination of the corpus callosum in male and female rats following complex environment housing during adulthood

2009 ◽  
Vol 1288 ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Markham ◽  
Megan M. Herting ◽  
Agatha E. Luszpak ◽  
Janice M. Juraska ◽  
William T. Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Interspecific and Intergeneric Hybridization in Baptisia and Thermopsis

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1177-1181
Author(s):  
Susan M. Hawkins ◽  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Carol D. Robacker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intergeneric Crosses ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Interspecific and intergeneric crosses were performed between species in the genera Baptisia and Thermopsis with the goal of creating hybrids with the best qualities of both parents. Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. was used as both the male and female parent in intergeneric crosses. Thermopsis chinensis Benth. ex S. Moore, T. lupinoides (L.) Link, and T. villosa Fernald & B.G. Schub. were used as male and female parents in both interspecific and intergeneric crosses. Pollen was collected from B. alba (L.) Vent., B. bracteata Muhl. ex Elliott, and B. lanceolata (Walt.) Ell. and used to make interspecific and intergeneric crosses. Putative hybrids were obtained from both interspecific and intergeneric crosses. Interspecific crosses produced a higher percentage of pollinations resulting in seed set and the number of seeds per pollination than intergeneric crosses. Morphological differences between parent species and progeny were evident in putative hybrids resulting from intergeneric crosses between T. villosa and B. australis and T. villosa and B. alba. Most putative hybrids bloomed during the second year after germination. Because seedlings could be obtained from both interspecific and intergeneric crosses, hybrids within and between the genera Baptisia and Thermopsis are feasible. The Fabaceae family contains 670–750 genera and 18,000–19,000 species. Baptisia (commonly called false or wild indigo) and Thermopsis (commonly named false lupine) of the Fabaceae belong to the tribe Thermopsidae, which comprises 46 species in six genera. All species in Thermopsis and Baptisia are herbaceous; they are the only two genera in Thermopsidae that do not have woody species. Thermopsis contains 23 species and has a wide-spread distribution with species endemic to Asia and much of temperate North America. Although Thermopsis is considered to have originated in central Asia, T. chinensis Benth. ex S. Moore and T. fabacea (Pallas) Candole are thought to have originated in North America and migrated over the Bering Land Strait to Asia. Three Thermopsis species, T. fraxinifolia Nutt. ex M.A. Curtis, T. mollis (Michx.) M.A. Curtis ex A. Gray, and T. villosa Fernald & B.G. Schub., are native to the southeastern United States. Baptisia contains 15–17 species that are endemic to the southeastern and midwestern United States.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Typology of Male and Female Rowers Using K-Means Clustering

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Forjasz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
National Team ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Body Circumferences

Anthropometric Typology of Male and Female Rowers Using K-Means ClusteringThe aim of this paper is to present the morphological features of rowers. The objective is to establish the type of body build best suited to the present requirements of this sports discipline through the determination of the most important morphological features in rowing with regard to the type of racing boat. The subjects of this study included competitors who practise rowing and were members of the Junior National Team. The considered variables included a group of 32 anthropometric measurements of body composition determined using the BIA method among male and female athletes, while also including rowing boat categories. In order to determine the analysed structures of male and female rowers, an observation analysis was taken into consideration and performed by the k-means clustering method. In the group of male and female rowers using long paddles, higher mean values for the analysed features were observed, with the exception of fat-free mass, and water content in both genders, and trunk length and horizontal reach in women who achieved higher means in the short-paddle group. On the men's team, both groups differed significantly in body mass, longitudinal features, horizontal reach, hand width and body circumferences, while on the women's, they differed in body mass, width and length of the chest, body circumferences and fat content. The method of grouping used in this paper confirmed morphological differences in the competitors with regard to the type of racing boat.

Redescription of two species and proposal of a new synonym in the genus Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4282 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
ITALO SALVATORE DE CASTRO PECCI-MADDALENA ◽  
CRISTIANO LOPES-ANDRADE
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
First Descriptions

Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 is a Neotropical genus of beetles, being the second most speciose genus within Erotylidae. The older descriptions of Mycotretus species are anecdotal and none include information on male and female genitalia, which can have great taxonomic value. Our objective in the present work is to redescribe Mycotretus chilensis Crotch, 1876 and Mycotretus trifasciatus Guérin, 1956 providing the first descriptions of their mouthparts, metendosternite, male and female terminalia, as well as new data on their geographic distribution and host fungi. Additionally, the lectotype of M. chilensis is designated and Mycotretus bicinctus Guérin, 1949 is proposed as a new junior synonym of M. chilensis. Both M. chilensis and M. trifasciatus have great intraspecific variation and are sympatric or syntopic in a few localities. We conclude that morphological differences of the penial flagellum and the metendosternite can be used to diagnose species and may also have phylogenetic signal for Mycotretus species. The present work is our first step in an ongoing taxonomic revision of the genus Mycotretus. 

scholarly journals Analisis Dimorfisme Kupu-Kupu Sayap Burung (Ornithoptera sp.) Endemik Papua

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Evie L. Warikar ◽  
Euniche R.P.F. Ramandey ◽  
Hendra K. Maury
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Insect Collection

Ornitophera sp. is one of the groups of butterflies endemic in Papua and West Papua provinces. The significant morphological differences between male and female butterflies (dimorphism) are in the shape, size and color of the wings. Morphological characteristics are important sources of information. Based on the results of specimen collections at the Papua Insect Collection Laboratory (KSP) Jayapura, there are several species from various locations in Papua. The variation in dimorphism is likely to occur in this species which gives rise to new sub-species. The purpose of this study was to record the dimorphism of the endemic Bird Wing of Papua which had been stored in the Papua Insect Collection Laboratory (KSP) Jayapura. The method used is a direct measurement of the morphology of bird wing butterfly specimens stored in the KSP Laboratory, Cenderawasih University. Morphometric data were analyzed using the SPSS 20 and Multi Variate Statistical Package (MVSP 3.1) programs. The results obtained were 7 Ornithoptera species stored in the KSP Jayapura Laboratory, namely O. chiamera, O. goliath, O. meridionalis, O. paradisea, O. priamus, O. thitonus and O. rothschildi. Based on observations there are striking differences in color, shape and size between male and female in the same species.   Key words: birdwing butterfly, Ornithoptera sp., KSP Jayapura, dimorphisme.  

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