Evaluation of Water Resources Qualities for Agriculture Irrigation in Abu Madi Area, Northern Middle Nile Delta

AbstractIt is acknowledged that providing a safe water supply for all countries is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. Egypt is one of the greatest countries affected in Africa and Middle East. The Nile is facing a major water shortage due to the limited water resources and the the demand is growing as a result high population growth and development in industrial and agricultural sectors. This paper has been motivated by the fact that there is no up-to-date literature review of the optimal operation of Water Resources. The analysis of the reviewed literature is structured along five broad branches: (1) Mathematical Optimization Modelling Studies, (2) Numerical Simulation Modelling Studies, (3) Geographical Information Systems “GIS” based Studies, (4) Ecological Studies, (5) Water Reuse Studies. This review is limited to surface water but groundwater has been inexplicitly included. The paper concludes the best way to identify knowledge to cover the gap between water supply and demands and to guide future researches on water resources planning and management.

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Assessing the Potential Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Water Resources and Soil Salinity in the Nile Delta, Egypt

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11247050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 7050 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sherien Abdel Aziz ◽

Martina Zeleňáková ◽

Peter Mésároš ◽

Pavol Purcz ◽

Hany Abd-Elhamid

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Nile Delta ◽

National Income ◽

Water Levels ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Deep Aquifers

Several studies have reported that the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) could have severe effects on the water resources in downstream countries, especially Egypt. These effects include changes in surface water level, groundwater levels in shallow and deep aquifers, saltwater intrusion, and increases in soil salinity, which could affect crop yields. This paper assesses the potential impacts of the GERD on the Nile Delta, Egypt. It includes the effects of reducing surface water levels (SWL) and changing the crop patterns at the groundwater levels (GWL), in addition to the effect of cultivating crops that consume less water on soil salinity. A pilot area is selected in the east of the Nile Delta for the assessment. The results of the study revealed that GWL is directly proportional to SWL. Comparing the case study of 2012, when SWL was reduced by 50%, the GWL decreased from 5.0 m to 2.0 m. After adjustment, the crop patterns from rice to other crops decreased the GWL to 1.30 m. Additionally, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between soil salinity and crop patterns. Soil salinity increased during the cultivation of the Delta with non-rice crops, such as grapes. Salinity increased from 0.45 S/m after 10 years of simulation to 0.48 S/m. This estimation highlights the undesirable effects of the GERD on Egypt’s water resources, soil salinity, crop yields, and national income.

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Anthropogenic Activity Effects on Canals Morphology, Case Study: Nile Delta, Egypt

Water ◽

10.3390/w12113184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3184

Author(s):

Sherien Abd-Elaziz ◽

Martina Zeleňáková ◽

Peter Mésároš ◽

Pavol Purcz ◽

Hany F. Abd-Elhamid

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Clear Change ◽

Canal Morphology

Waterways are usually contaminated with wastes from industrial, domestic or irrigation sectors. Organizations in charge have adopted solutions to eliminate this problem; however, the adopted solutions contribute indirectly to modifying canal morphology during maintenance. These are examples of anthropogenic activity, as well as randomly implemented dredging, which expand the canal cross-sections. Egypt is a country which depends on surface irrigation through a huge network of canals. The majority of canals in Egypt are subject to anthropogenic activity which affects their efficiency. This study aims to assess the impact of conjugated instances of anthropogenic activity and dredging on canal morphology and capacity. Five canals were selected in the current study in the Nile Delta, Egypt. These canals are highly affected by two associated factors: anthropogenic activity by users and dredging by the government. The study also aims to determine the effects of a newly adopted policy for saving surface water through restoration of the canals’ originally designed cross-sections. The results showed a clear change in canal morphology, which has increased the volume of water in the affected canals. In some cases, the volume of water has increased by 59%, which could have negative consequences for Egypt’s water resources. Sustainable management of water resources in Egypt requires saving each water droplet, and canal rehabilitation is expected to save about 6.56 million m3/year by the year 2022.

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Simulating Potential Weekly Stream and Pond Water Available for Irrigation in the Big Sunflower River Watershed of Mississippi Delta

Water ◽

10.3390/w11061271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1271

Author(s):

Fei Gao ◽

Gary Feng ◽

Ying Ouyang ◽

Johnie Jenkins ◽

Changming Liu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Mississippi Delta ◽

Stream Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Pond Water ◽

River Watershed ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Agriculture Irrigation

Groundwater storage and level have declined rapidly in the Big Sunflower River Watershed (BSRW) of Mississippi Delta in recent years. Farmers in this region are beginning to save groundwater resources by increasing surface water usage for agricultural irrigation. In this study, we estimated the weekly amount of surface water available in ponds and streams, determined if the weekly surface water resources are sufficient for major crop irrigation demand, and assessed how much surface water can replace groundwater for agriculture irrigation in the BSRW. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was employed to simulate the weekly water resources for 23 sub-basins from the BSRW. Results showed that weekly stream water resources (SWR), stream evaporation (SE) and water loss from the channel via transmission through the side and bottom of the channel (stream transmission, referred as ST) for BSRW during the growing seasons ranged from 20.4 to 29.4 mm, 7.4 to 14.4 mm, 1.6 to 4.5 mm and 1.1 to 1.6 mm, while pond water resources (PWR) and pond evaporation (PE) ranged from 1.9 to 2.1 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The value of SWR − (ST + SE) and PWR − PE were positive in all sub-basins, indicating that there are net surface water resources available in this region. The percentages of total groundwater usage for irrigation that could be replaced by surface water in each sub-basin every week of each month from May to September ranged from 10% to 87%. Our studies suggested that the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for agriculture irrigation is a feasible method for groundwater sustainable management in the Mississippi Delta.

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Afghanistan : prepared by Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Energy and Water, and Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). preparing the water resources development project : AFG : water resource development investment program, Multitranche financial facility /

10.29171/azu_acku_hd1698_a3_a377_2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Asian Development Bank ◽

Development Project ◽

Water Resource Development ◽

Development Bank ◽

Asian Development ◽

Investment Program ◽

Agriculture Irrigation ◽

Ministry Of Finance

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HYDROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN ABU-ZAABAL AREA, EASTERN NILE DELTA, EGYPT

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42562 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 221-231

Author(s):

RAGAA EL-SHEIKH ◽

IBRAHIM HEGAZY ◽

EHAB ZAGHLOOL ◽

MOHAMED E. A. ALI ◽

AYMAN A. GOUDA

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Samples ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Hard Water ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Surface Water Samples

Objective: The study presents simple tools for water resources quality classification based on its chemical compositions in Abu Zaabal area, eastern Nile Delta, Egypt and assess the water quality for different uses. Methods: 31 water samples were collected from different water resources in the study area and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Hydrochemical relations, contour maps and statistical methods were used to estimate the contamination indices and evaluate the water resources for different purposes. Results: 83.3% of groundwater samples is fresh water and 16.7% are brackish water. 85.7% of surface water samples are fresh and 14.3% is saline. 92% of groundwater samples and 71.5% of surface water samples are very hard water. According to HPI values, 8% of the quaternary groundwater samples are good, 4% are poor, 4% are very poor and 84% of the samples are unsuitable. All groundwater samples and 71% of surface water samples are contaminated with respect to ammonia. Conclusion: Higher concentrations of TDS and heavy metal may be due to the clay nature of the soil, the marine sediments in the aquifer matrix together with the dissolution and leaching of minerals from agricultural, anthropogenic and industrial activities. The groundwater in the polluted zones is considered unsuitable for human drinking.

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Lateral Constrained Inversion of DC-Resistivity Data Observed at the Area North of Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt for Groundwater Exploration

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11060248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamed Genedi ◽

Hosni Ghazala ◽

Adel Mohamed ◽

Usama Massoud ◽

Bülent Tezkan

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Groundwater Exploration ◽

Normal Faults ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Earth Resistivity ◽

Groundwater Aquifer ◽

Pleistocene Aquifer ◽

Additional Water ◽

Area North

In the arid climate area north of Tenth of Ramadan City, southeast of the Nile Delta, Egypt, it is necessary to search for additional water resources for sustainable developments such as agricultural and industrial activities. Thirty two vertical electrical soundings (VES) of a electrical resistivity (DC) survey were carried out along four main profiles by using the Schlumberger array with electrode distances (AB/2) up to 500 m, to explore the shallow Pleistocene groundwater aquifer. The collected data was interpreted by a one-dimensional laterally constrained inversion (1D-LCI) and two-dimensional inversion algorithms to derive a best fit layered-earth resistivity model. The derived resistivity sections are geologically well interpreted based on information taken from the available water boreholes (P2-Well and P3-Well). The lateral constraints are part of the inversion where all data sets are inverted simultaneously, and consequently the output models are balanced between the constraints and the data-model fit. The 1D-LCI offers good analysis of the model parameters, which was successfully used to characterize a zone of groundwater aquifer, as it produces a laterally smooth model with sharp layer boundaries. The 1D-LCI inversion results show that the study area is subdivided into five geo-electrical layers of varied resistivity and thickness. In particular, the resistivity values of the last layer range between 9.3 and 110 Ωm representing the existing shallow Pleistocene aquifer located at depths between 134.5 and 118.4 m. Such results are tied and confirmed well with the results of the 2D inversion of the DC data. It reveals three interpreted geo-electric layers along the four profiles and shows that the area is affected by some normal faults striking nearly in the E–W direction. The very low resistivities of the groundwater aquifer beneath the agricultural part of the survey area probably indicates contamination due to the possible effect of irrigation operated in the cultivated lowlands. The results obtained could help the stakeholder to find additional information about the ground water aquifers in the newly reclaimed arid area and possible locations of new sites for drilling new water wells as additional water resources.

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