Role of Small RNAs in Establishing Chromosomal Architecture in Drosophila

Epigenomics ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
James A. Birchler
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Chromosomal Architecture

scholarly journals MicroRNAs: Biological Regulators in Pathogen–Host Interactions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Maia Acuña ◽  
Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter ◽  
Sandra Marcia Muxel
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Aspects

An inflammatory response is essential for combating invading pathogens. Several effector components, as well as immune cell populations, are involved in mounting an immune response, thereby destroying pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of noncoding small RNAs, have emerged as functionally significant regulatory molecules with the significant capability of fine-tuning biological processes. The important role of miRNAs in inflammation and immune responses is highlighted by studies in which the regulation of miRNAs in the host was shown to be related to infectious diseases and associated with the eradication or susceptibility of the infection. Here, we review the biological aspects of microRNAs, focusing on their roles as regulators of gene expression during pathogen–host interactions and their implications in the immune response against Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, and Plasmodium infectious diseases.

scholarly journals The Mycobacterium tuberculosis sRNA F6 regulates expression of groEL/S

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Houghton ◽  
Angela Rodgers ◽  
Graham Rose ◽  
Kristine B. Arnvig
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Biology ◽  
Mouse Model Of Infection

ABSTRACTAlmost 140 years after the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the etiological agent of tuberculosis, important aspects of its biology remain poorly described. Little is known about the role of post-transcriptional control of gene expression and RNA biology, including the role of most of the small RNAs (sRNAs) identified to date. We have carried out a detailed investigation of the M. tuberculosis sRNA, F6, and show it to be dependent on SigF for expression and significantly induced during in vitro starvation and in a mouse model of infection. However, we found no evidence of attenuation of a ΔF6 strain within the first 20 weeks of infection. A further exploration of F6 using in vitro models of infection suggests a role for F6 as a highly specific regulator of the heat shock repressor, HrcA. Our results point towards a role for F6 during periods of low metabolic activity similar to cold shock and associated with nutrient starvation such as that found in human granulomas in later stages of infection.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNAs in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cell Line Akata

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 9827-9831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Komano ◽  
Seiji Maruo ◽  
Koichi Kurozumi ◽  
Takanori Oda ◽  
Kenzo Takada
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Burkitt’S Lymphoma ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Burkitt's Lymphoma ◽  
Malignant Phenotype ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Our previous reports indicated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the malignant phenotype and resistance to apoptosis in Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line Akata (N. Shimizu, A. Tanabe-Tochikura, Y. Kuroiwa, and K. Takada, J. Virol. 68:6069–6073, 1994; J. Komano, M. Sugiura, and K. Takada, J. Virol. 72:9150–9156, 1998). Here we report that the EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are responsible for these phenotypes. Transfection of the EBER genes into EBV-negative Akata clones restored the capacity for growth in soft agar, tumorigenicity in SCID mice, resistance to apoptotic inducers, and upregulated expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein that were originally retained in parental EBV-positive Akata cells and lost in EBV-negative subclones. This is the first report which provides evidence that virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) have oncogenic functions in BL cells.

scholarly journals Paternal effects in a wild‐type zebrafish implicate a role of sperm‐derived small RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2722-2735
Author(s):  
James Ord ◽  
Paul R. Heath ◽  
Alireza Fazeli ◽  
Penelope J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Paternal Effects

scholarly journals Suppression of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 6 Favors the Accumulation of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Nicotiana Benthamiana

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama ◽  
Jean-Pierre Perreault
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Viroid Infection ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plant Genes

To date, two plant genes encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRs) that play major roles in the defense against RNA viruses have been identified: (i) RdR1, which is responsible for the viral small RNAs (vsRNAs) found in virus-infected plants, and, (ii) RdR6, which acts as a surrogate in the absence of RdR1. In this study, the role of RdR6 in the defense against viroid infection was examined by knock-down of RdR6 followed by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection. The suppression of RdR6 expression increased the plant’s growth, as was illustrated by the plant’s increased height. PSTVd infection of RdR6 compromised plants resulted in an approximately three-fold increase in the accumulation of viroid RNA as compared to that seen in control plants. Additionally, RNA gel blot assay revealed an increase in the number of viroids derived small RNAs in RdR6 suppressed plants as compared to control plants. These data provide a direct correlation between RdR6 and viroid accumulation and indicate the role of RDR6 in the plant’s susceptibility to viroid infection.

The impact of EBV on the epigenetics of gastric carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Bing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Latent Membrane Protein 2A ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Tumor Virus ◽  
The Impact

EBV is an important human tumor virus and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of tumors, involving 10% of gastric cancer. In EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), EBV expresses restrict viral genes including EBV nuclear antigen 1, EBV encoded small RNAs, Bam HI-A rightward transcripts, latent membrane protein 2A and miRNAs. The role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis has received increasing attention and is considered to be another pathogenic factor in addition to Helicobacter pylori. A typical characteristic of EBVaGC is the extensive methylation of viral and host genome. Combined with other epigenetic mechanisms, EBV infection acts as an epigenetic driver of EBVaGC oncogenesis. In this review we discuss recent findings of EBV effect on host epigenetic alterations in EBVaGC and its role in oncogenic process.

Role of small RNAs in abiotic stress responses in plants

Plant Gene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Banerjee ◽  
Anil Sirohi ◽  
Abid A. Ansari ◽  
Sarvajeet Singh Gill
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Small Rnas
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