Role of the tRNA-Derived Small RNAs in Cancer: New Potential Biomarkers and Target for Therapy

Aim of this letter is to attract the attention of journal readers to the study of exosomes as an important direction in the development of Oncology, in particular, in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Exosomes are produced by tumor cells and regulate proliferation, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. Their extraction from biological fluids allows further use of these vesicles as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. In the future, exosomes can be successfully used in the delivery of drugs and other anti-tumor substances to cancer cells.

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MiRNA Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Frequent Localizations

Non-Coding RNA ◽

10.3390/ncrna7030038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Alexandra Korotaeva ◽

Danzan Mansorunov ◽

Natalya Apanovich ◽

Anna Kuzevanova ◽

Alexander Karpukhin

Keyword(s):

Mirna Expression ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Clinical Biomarkers ◽

Different Types ◽

Functional Features ◽

First Time ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are infrequent malignant tumors of a neuroendocrine nature that arise in various organs. They occur most frequently in the lungs, intestines, stomach and pancreas. Molecular diagnostics and prognosis of NEN development are highly relevant. The role of clinical biomarkers can be played by microRNAs (miRNAs). This work is devoted to the analysis of data on miRNA expression in NENs. For the first time, a search for specificity or a community of their functional characteristics in different types of NEN was carried out. Their properties as biomarkers were also analyzed. To date, more than 100 miRNAs have been characterized as differentially expressed and significant for the development of NEN tumors. Only about 10% of the studied miRNAs are expressed in several types of NEN; differential expression of the remaining 90% was found only in tumors of specific localizations. A significant number of miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers. However, only a few miRNAs have values that characterized their quality as markers. The analysis demonstrates the predominant specific expression of miRNA in each studied type of NEN. This indicates that miRNA’s functional features are predominantly influenced by the tissue in which they are formed.

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MicroRNAs: Biological Regulators in Pathogen–Host Interactions

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9010113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephanie Maia Acuña ◽

Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter ◽

Sandra Marcia Muxel

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Small Rnas ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Host Interactions ◽

The Past ◽

Biological Aspects

An inflammatory response is essential for combating invading pathogens. Several effector components, as well as immune cell populations, are involved in mounting an immune response, thereby destroying pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of noncoding small RNAs, have emerged as functionally significant regulatory molecules with the significant capability of fine-tuning biological processes. The important role of miRNAs in inflammation and immune responses is highlighted by studies in which the regulation of miRNAs in the host was shown to be related to infectious diseases and associated with the eradication or susceptibility of the infection. Here, we review the biological aspects of microRNAs, focusing on their roles as regulators of gene expression during pathogen–host interactions and their implications in the immune response against Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, and Plasmodium infectious diseases.

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Data Integration Reveals the Potential Biomarkers of Circulating MicroRNAs in Osteoarthritis

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 412

Author(s):

Thuan Duc Lao ◽

Thuy Ai Huyen Le

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Potential Implication ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Abnormal Expression ◽

Online Databases ◽

Socioeconomic Burden ◽

Therapeutic Tools ◽

Potential Use ◽

Potential Biomarkers

The abnormal expression of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) has become an emerging field in the development of miRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools for human diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is the most common form of arthritis leading to disability and a major socioeconomic burden. The abnormal expression of miRNAs plays important roles in the pathogenesis of OA. Unraveling the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of OA will throw light on the potential for the development of miRNAs-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools for OA. This article reviews and highlights recent advances in the study of miRNAs in OA, with specific demonstration of the functions of miRNA, especially c-miRNA, in OA pathogenesis as well as its potential implication in the treatment of OA. Based on a systematic literature search using online databases, we figured out the following main points: (1) the integrative systematic review of c-mRNAs and its target genes related to OA pathogenesis; (2) the potential use of c-miRNAs for OA diagnosis purposes as potential biomarkers; and (3) for therapeutic purposes, and we also highlight certain remedies that regulate microRNA expression based on its target genes.

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The role of salivary neuropeptides in pediatrics: Potential biomarkers for integrated therapies

European Journal of Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.eujim.2015.06.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 372-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lynn A. Gershan ◽

Paul L. Durham ◽

Jaci Skidmore ◽

Joshua Shimizu ◽

Ryan J. Cady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Biomarkers

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Role of Small RNAs in Establishing Chromosomal Architecture in Drosophila

Epigenomics ◽

10.1007/978-1-4020-9187-2_11 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 177-185

Author(s):

James A. Birchler

Keyword(s):

Small Rnas ◽

Chromosomal Architecture

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Potential Role of Small RNAs during Stress in Plants

Molecular Approaches in Plant Abiotic Stress ◽

10.1201/b15538-8 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 85-107

Keyword(s):

Small Rnas ◽

Potential Role

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Morphological, Structural, and Functional Networks Highlight the Role of the Cortical-Subcortical Circuit in Individuals With Subjective Cognitive Decline

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.688113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaowen Xu ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Weikai Li ◽

Hai Li ◽

Boyan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽

Support Vector ◽

Functional Networks ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered the earliest stage of the clinical manifestations of the continuous progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Previous studies have suggested that multimodal brain networks play an important role in the early diagnosis and mechanisms underlying SCD. However, most of the previous studies focused on a single modality, and lacked correlation analysis between different modal biomarkers and brain regions. In order to further explore the specific characteristic of the multimodal brain networks in the stage of SCD, 22 individuals with SCD and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in the present study. We constructed the individual morphological, structural and functional brain networks based on 3D-T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), respectively. A t-test was used to select the connections with significant difference, and a multi-kernel support vector machine (MK-SVM) was applied to combine the selected multimodal connections to distinguish SCD from HCs. Moreover, we further identified the consensus connections of brain networks as the most discriminative features to explore the pathological mechanisms and potential biomarkers associated with SCD. Our results shown that the combination of three modal connections using MK-SVM achieved the best classification performance, with an accuracy of 92.68%, sensitivity of 95.00%, and specificity of 90.48%. Furthermore, the consensus connections and hub nodes based on the morphological, structural, and functional networks identified in our study exhibited abnormal cortical-subcortical connections in individuals with SCD. In addition, the functional networks presented more discriminative connections and hubs in the cortical-subcortical regions, and were found to perform better in distinguishing SCD from HCs. Therefore, our findings highlight the role of the cortical-subcortical circuit in individuals with SCD from the perspective of a multimodal brain network, providing potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of the preclinical stage of AD.

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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis sRNA F6 regulates expression of groEL/S

10.1101/2020.07.15.204107 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Houghton ◽

Angela Rodgers ◽

Graham Rose ◽

Kristine B. Arnvig

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Small Rnas ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Control Of Gene Expression ◽

Rna Biology ◽

Mouse Model Of Infection

ABSTRACTAlmost 140 years after the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the etiological agent of tuberculosis, important aspects of its biology remain poorly described. Little is known about the role of post-transcriptional control of gene expression and RNA biology, including the role of most of the small RNAs (sRNAs) identified to date. We have carried out a detailed investigation of the M. tuberculosis sRNA, F6, and show it to be dependent on SigF for expression and significantly induced during in vitro starvation and in a mouse model of infection. However, we found no evidence of attenuation of a ΔF6 strain within the first 20 weeks of infection. A further exploration of F6 using in vitro models of infection suggests a role for F6 as a highly specific regulator of the heat shock repressor, HrcA. Our results point towards a role for F6 during periods of low metabolic activity similar to cold shock and associated with nutrient starvation such as that found in human granulomas in later stages of infection.

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Oncogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNAs in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cell Line Akata

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.12.9827-9831.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 9827-9831 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Jun Komano ◽

Seiji Maruo ◽

Koichi Kurozumi ◽

Takanori Oda ◽

Kenzo Takada

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Small Rnas ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Burkitt’S Lymphoma ◽

Soft Agar ◽

Burkitt's Lymphoma ◽

Malignant Phenotype ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Our previous reports indicated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the malignant phenotype and resistance to apoptosis in Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) cell line Akata (N. Shimizu, A. Tanabe-Tochikura, Y. Kuroiwa, and K. Takada, J. Virol. 68:6069–6073, 1994; J. Komano, M. Sugiura, and K. Takada, J. Virol. 72:9150–9156, 1998). Here we report that the EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are responsible for these phenotypes. Transfection of the EBER genes into EBV-negative Akata clones restored the capacity for growth in soft agar, tumorigenicity in SCID mice, resistance to apoptotic inducers, and upregulated expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein that were originally retained in parental EBV-positive Akata cells and lost in EBV-negative subclones. This is the first report which provides evidence that virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) have oncogenic functions in BL cells.

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