Statistics of Random Pattern — Curvature, Percolation and Others

The effects of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 on 6-sulphation of two species of endogenous nascent proteochondroitin by a chick-embryo cartilage microsomal system was examined. Sulphation of the larger (Type I) species with adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulphate was slightly diminished when Triton X-100 was present, whereas sulphation of the smaller (Type II) species was slightly enhanced. An ordered rather than random pattern of sulphation was obtained for the smaller proteoglycan, but with a considerably lower degree of sulphation than that of the larger proteochondroitin. These differences were consistent with other differences between these two species as described previously. Sulphation of exogenous [14C]chondroitin and exogenous proteo[3H]chondroitin by the microsomal system with Triton X-100 present produced ordered rather than random sulphation patterns. When a 100,000 g supernatant fraction was utilized for sulphation of [14C]chondroitin or proteo[3H]chondroitin, Triton X-100 was not needed, and ordered sulphation was still obtained. When hexasaccharide was used, sulphation of multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues of the individual hexasaccharides resulted. This was relatively independent of Triton X-100 or the concentration of the hexasaccharide acceptors. With soluble enzyme, sulphation of multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues on the individual hexasaccharide molecules was even greater, so that tri-sulphated products were found. This suggests that ordered rather than random sulphation of chondroitin with these enzyme preparations is due to enzyme-substrate interaction rather than to membrane organization.

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P.143L:Late-News Poster: Light Extraction in Organic Light Emitting Diodes using SF6/CHF3 Plasma Treated Random Pattern

SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers ◽

10.1002/j.2168-0159.2013.tb06526.x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 1477-1479

Author(s):

Ju Hyun Hwang ◽

Tae Hyun Park ◽

Hyun Jun Lee ◽

Kyung Bok Choi ◽

Young Wook Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Light Extraction ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Organic Light

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Disease Risk, Spatial Patterns, and Incidence-Severity Relationships of Fusarium Head Blight in No-till Spring Wheat Following Maize or Soybean

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-14-0944-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

pp. 1360-1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pierri Spolti ◽

Denis A. Shah ◽

José Maurício C. Fernandes ◽

Gary C. Bergstrom ◽

Emerson M. Del Ponte

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Large Scale ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Head Blight ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Regional Sources ◽

Epidemiological Surveys ◽

The Relationship

The first large-scale survey of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in commercial wheat fields in southern Brazil was conducted over three years (2009 to 2011). The objectives were to: (i) evaluate whether increased FHB risk is associated with within-field maize residue; (ii) determine the spatial pattern of FHB incidence; and (iii) quantify the relationship between FHB incidence and severity. FHB was assessed in a total of 160 fields between early milk and dough. Incidence ranged from 1.0 to 89.9% (median = 25%) and severity from 0.02 to 18.6% (median = 1.3%). FHB risk was neither lower nor higher in wheat following maize than in wheat following soybean. Only 18% of fields were classified as having aggregated patterns of FHB-symptomatic spikes. A binary power law description of the variances was consistent with an overall random pattern of the disease. These results conform with the hypothesis that FHB epidemics in southern Brazil are driven by sufficient atmospherically-transported inoculum from regional sources. The incidence-severity relationship was coherent across growing season, growth stage, and previous crop; one common fitted curve described the relationship across all observations. Estimating severity from incidence may be useful in reducing the workload in epidemiological surveys.

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The Effects of Vasonatrin Peptide on Random Pattern Skin Flap Survival

Annals of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1097/sap.0b013e318255a3eb ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 94-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shi-Ping Wang ◽

Zhi-Yong Lan ◽

Wei Xia ◽

Xi Zhao ◽

Ge-Jia Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Flap ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Flap Survival ◽

Skin Flap Survival

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Comparison of performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT 2009 and 2012 in an extensively tile-drained watershed in the Midwest

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-22-89-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 89-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tian Guo ◽

Margaret Gitau ◽

Venkatesh Merwade ◽

Jeffrey Arnold ◽

Raghavan Srinivasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calculation Method ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Curve Number ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Tile Drainage ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Field Site ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Simulated Surface ◽

Tile Flow

Abstract. Subsurface tile drainage systems are widely used in agricultural watersheds in the Midwestern US and enable the Midwest area to become highly productive agricultural lands, but can also create environmental problems, for example nitrate-N contamination associated with drainage waters. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been used to model watersheds with tile drainage. SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 provide new tile drainage routines. However, few studies have used these revisions to study tile drainage impacts at both field and watershed scales. Moreover, SWAT2012 revision 645 improved the soil moisture based curve number calculation method, which has not been fully tested. This study used long-term (1991–2003) field site and river station data from the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed to evaluate performance of tile drainage routines in SWAT2009 revision 528 (the old routine) and SWAT2012 revisions 615 and 645 (the new routine). Both the old and new routines provided reasonable but unsatisfactory (NSE  <  0.5) uncalibrated flow and nitrate loss results for a mildly sloped watershed with low runoff. The calibrated monthly tile flow, surface flow, nitrate-N in tile and surface flow, sediment and annual corn and soybean yield results from SWAT with the old and new tile drainage routines were compared with observed values. Generally, the new routine provided acceptable simulated tile flow (NSE  =  0.48–0.65) and nitrate in tile flow (NSE  =  0.48–0.68) for field sites with random pattern tile and constant tile spacing, while the old routine simulated tile flow and nitrate in tile flow results for the field site with constant tile spacing were unacceptable (NSE  =  0.00–0.32 and −0.29–0.06, respectively). The new modified curve number calculation method in revision 645 (NSE  =  0.50–0.81) better simulated surface runoff than revision 615 (NSE  =  −0.11–0.49). The calibration provided reasonable parameter sets for the old and new routines in the LVR watershed, and the validation results showed that the new routine has the potential to accurately simulate hydrologic processes in mildly sloped watersheds.

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ASSESSMENT OF STRONTIUM, RUBIDIUM AND SCANDIUM STATUS IN SOILS AFFECTED BY SOLID WASTE DEPOSITS

10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/35 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luminita Pirvulescu ◽

Despina-Maria Bordean ◽

Loredana Copacean ◽

Narcis Gheorghe Baghina

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Reference Sample ◽

Control Sample ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Contamination Level ◽

Accumulation Index ◽

Waste Deposit ◽

Waste Deposits

The aim of the study was to assess the level of contamination of soil with strontium, rubidium and scandium in the solid waste deposits. The study was performed on soil samples collected from Moldova Noua, southwest of Romania, an area with historical anthropogenic history. The soil analysis was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The samples were collected from five collection points using a random pattern from around the illegal waste deposit and all analyses were performed in triplicate. To assess the influence of wastes on the soils concentration levels of strontium (Sr), rubidium (Rb) and scandium (Sc), were calculated contamination factors (CF), and pollution index (PIL) by reporting the concentration of the investigated elements of the upper earth crust concentrations and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) calculated by reporting the elements concentration values to a control sample, used as reference. The reference sample was collected from an area close to the waste deposit but located in a protected green area. The results show that from the investigated elements, scandium is the element of concern, the soil presenting a moderate contamination level with this element.

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Spontaneous action potential generation due to persistent sodium channel currents in simulated carotid body afferent fibers

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01169.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 1394-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

David F. Donnelly

Keyword(s):

Carotid Body ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Afferent Nerve ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Nerve Terminals ◽

Discharge Rates ◽

Afferent Nerve Fibers ◽

Axonal Diameter ◽

Spontaneous Action

The mechanism by which action potentials (APs) are generated in afferent nerve fibers in the carotid body is unknown, but it is generally speculated to be release of an excitatory transmitter and synaptic depolarizing events. However, previous results suggested that Na+ channels in the afferent nerve fibers play an important role in this process. To better understand the potential mechanism by which Na+ channels may generate APs, a mathematical model of chemoreceptor nerve fibers that incorporated Hodgkin-Huxley-type Na+ channels with kinetics of activation and inactivation, as determined previously from recordings of petrosal chemoreceptor neurons, was constructed. While the density of Na+ channels was kept constant, spontaneous APs arose in nerve terminals as the axonal diameter was reduced to that in rat carotid body. AP excitability and pattern were similar to those observed in chemoreceptor recordings: 1) a random pattern at low- and high-frequency discharge rates, 2) a high sensitivity to reductions in extracellular Na+ concentration, and 3) a variation in excitability that increased with AP generation rate. Taken together, the results suggest that an endogenous process in chemoreceptor nerve terminals may underlie AP generation, a process independent of synaptic depolarizing events.

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Free flaps in Surgical Dermatology: comparison between fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous free flaps in facial reconstructions

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/s0365-05962011000600013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 1145-1150

Author(s):

Francisco Miguel Camacho-Martínez ◽

Angel Rollón ◽

Clara Salazar ◽

Elena M Rodríguez-Rey ◽

David Moreno

Keyword(s):

Free Flap ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Donor Site ◽

Free Flaps ◽

Single Step ◽

Rectus Abdominis ◽

Original Position ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Recipient Site ◽

Palmar Surface

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic surgeons routinely harvest pedicled flaps at distance with an axial or random pattern to repair facial defects. These types of skin flaps are time-consuming and have high economic, social and personal costs. These drawbacks could be avoided with the introduction of a single-step transfer of free flaps to the recipient site, with microvascular anastomosis. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that better results are obtained with myocutaneous or fasciocutaneous free flaps and which one is more suitable in surgical dermatology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected two patients of opposite sexes and similar ages who had undergone Mohs surgery to remove recurrent malignant tumors that were located in the upper cheek bordering the zygomatic zone. The woman was treated with a fasciocutaneous radial free flap and the man with a rectus abdominis free flap. RESULTS: Both patients had excellent immediate postoperative outcomes. Complications observed in the male patient were related to a previous pulmonary alteration. The fasciocutaneous radial free flap reconstruction was easier to perform than the rectus abdominis free flap; nevertheless, the radial free flap is very thin and, although the palmaris longus tendon is used, it does not yield enough volume, requiring later use of implants. In contrast, the rectus abdominis free flap transfers a wide flap with enough fat tissue to expand in the future. As for the cosmetic results regarding the donor site, the rectus abdominis free flap produces better-looking scars, since secondary defects of the palmar surface cannot be directly closed and usually require grafting - a situation that some patients do not accept. CONCLUSIONS: In surgical dermatology, each case, once the tumor has been extirpated, requires its own reconstructive technique. The radial free flap is suitable for thin patients who are willing to cover their arm with a shirt. The rectus abdominis free flap is best suited for obese patients with deep and voluminous defects, although it is necessary to dislocate the navel from its original position

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