Restoration and Classification of Water-Borne Microbial Images for Continuous Monitoring of Water Quality

2001 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Manohar Das ◽  
Frank M. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Water Borne

scholarly journals Classification Maps for TDS Concentrations in the GIS Along Euphrates River, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Chabuk ◽  
Zahraa Ali Hammood ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Salwan Ali Abed ◽  
Jan Laue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dissolved Salts

AbstractIraq currently undergoing the problem of water shortage, although Iraq has two Rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) pass throughout most of its areas, and they have represented a major source of water supply. In the current research, to evaluate the quality of the Euphrates river in Iraq based on the values of total dissolved salts (TDS), the TDS concentrations were collected from sixteen sections along the river in the three succeeding years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The evaluation of the river was done depending on the classification of (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). of rivers for drinking uses. Inverse Distance Weighting Technique (IDWT) as a tool in the GIS was employed to establish the maps of the river that using interpolation/prediction for the TDS concentrations to each selected year and the average values of TDS for these 3 years. Based on the five categories of rivers’ classification of the TDS concentrations according to the (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland), the Euphrates river was classified, and the maps of classification for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average values for 3 years were created. The average values for 3 years of TDS along the Euphrates river indicated that the sections from SC-1 to SC-4 as moderate-water-quality-Category-3, the sections from SC-5 to SC-10 as poor-water-quality-Category-4, while the sections between SC-11 to SC-16 as very poor-water-quality-Category-5. The interpolation maps showed that the Euphrates river in Iraq was ranged from moderate water quality (Category-3) to very poor water quality (Category-5).

Quality assessment of drinking water in the communities of São Francisco do Conde, Baiacu, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEINA MOUTINHO TAVARES ◽  
Anderson Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Moutinho Andrade de Souza ◽  
Walter da Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Total Coliforms

This work aims to evaluate the quality of drinking water in the communities of Baiacu, Sao Francisco do Conde, Santo Amaro and Cachoeira. It was verified that in some places of Santo Amaro and Sao Francisco do Conde, from the microbiological point of view, it is not appropriate for consumption, because it was found that the presence of total coliforms in 50% of the samples and that the chlorine content is below the values indicated by the standards in 75% of the analyzed samples. Thus, the consumption of contaminated water can cause diseases, so it is recommended cleaning of residential reservoirs, maintenance in pipes periodically, as well as the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and the intense participation of public agencies in these actions. Through these actions and the active participation of the population, one can preserve the environment and the lives of all those who transit in the communities of the Bay of All Saints

scholarly journals Classification of River Water Quality Using Multivariate Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Christirani Azhar ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Mohd Kamil Yusoff ◽  
Mohammad Firuz Ramli ◽  
Hafizan Juahir
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Water Quality

An assessment of the impact of the proposed EU bathing water directive on Irish coastal bathing area compliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chawla ◽  
K. Real ◽  
B. Masterson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Microbial Water Quality ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
The Impact

An assessment of the impact of the new microbial water quality standards of the proposed EU Bathing Water Directive on the classification of designated Irish coastal bathing areas is presented. The new standards are applied retrospectively to the microbial water quality results for the bathing seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001, and the outcome is compared with that recorded under the present Bathing Water Directive. A Microsoft EXCEL application was developed to generate the retrospective bathing area classifications according to the proposed Directive (Excellent, Good, Poor). It was found that the number of Irish coastal bathing areas not attaining ‘Excellent’ classification (as would be required at present for the Blue Flag award) was trebled; the number attaining ‘Good’ classification was increased by about 50%, and the number attracting ‘Poor’ classification (equivalent to ‘Fail’ under the present Directive) was increased nine-fold. Some of the shortcomings of the proposed Directive and suggestions for its revision are discussed.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS DURING WINTER BETWEEN AND SUMMER FLOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5(55)) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Liliya Zuberovna Zhinzhakova ◽  
Elena Alexandrovna Cherednik
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Trace Impurities ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Summer Flood

Based on long-term observations, the assessment of the pollution of the rivers of the Central Caucasus was carried out by comparing the calculated coefficients of the complexity of pollution and the specific combinatorial index of pollution of surface waters, and the quality classes were determined. The results of chemical analysis of the concentration levels of trace impurities (Mo, Pb, Zn, V, Ni, Cr, Mn, Ag) and inorganic nitrogen compounds (NO2 -, NO3 — and NH4 +) in the waters of 13 rivers in two permanent sections of each watercourse were used. The results of calculating the indicators of pollution in the waters of rivers of winter low water and summer high water are presented. The most polluted watercourses and the frequency of pollution in each river are identified, estimated by the values of the specific combinatorial index of water pollution, the coefficient of complexity of pollution, and the class of water quality is presented. The assessment of the most polluted water bodies during the winter low-water period and summer flood is given according to the classification of water quality. According to long-term observations, the features of watercourses and their differences in terms of pollution are presented.

Development of a water monitoring network based on open architecture and Internet-of-Things technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Dimitriou ◽  
Georgios Poulis ◽  
Anastasios Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Monitoring Stations

<p>Good water quality status in rivers and lakes is vital for both human well-being and biodiversity conservation and requires efficient monitoring and restoration strategies. This is reflected in an increasing number of International and National legislations which enforce water resources management and monitoring at a basin scale.</p><p>For this purpose, state-of-the-art monitoring schemes have been developed by using low-cost, technologically advanced sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure. Remote sensing offers also a good water monitoring alternative but is more appropriate for medium to large water bodies with less dynamic character in comparison to small scale, temporary rivers.</p><p>Recent technological advances in sensors technology, energy supply, telecommunication protocols and data handling, facilitate the use of automated monitoring stations, but still, deployment of extended networks with readily available data remains far from common practice. Installation and operational costs for the development of such monitoring networks are among the most commonly faced challenges.</p><p>The main aim of this effort is to present the development of a network of automatic monitoring stations that measure in near real time water level and physicochemical parameters in several Greek rivers. This infrastructure has been developed under the project “Open ELIoT” (Open Internet of Things infrastructure for online environmental services - https://www.openeliot.com/en/), which was funded by the Greek National Structural Funds. It includes a low cost and easy to produce hardware node, coupled with commercial sensors of industrial specifications, as well as an IoT data platform, elaborating and presenting data, based on open technologies.</p><p>During its initial operation phase, the system has been deployed in sites with different hydrological regimes and various pressures to water quality, including (a) an urban Mediterranean stream (Pikrodafni stream), and (b) the urban part of a continental river running through an agricultural area (Lithaios stream).</p><p>Preliminary data on the continuous monitoring of sites (a) and (b) are presented here, reflecting the differences in pressures to the respective water bodies. Pikrodafni stream which is located close to the center of Athens – Greece and receives a lot of pressure from urban waste, illustrates Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration with a heavily skewed distribution towards low values (mean value: 2.15 mg/l and median: 0.93 mg/l). On the contrary, in Lithaios stream, which is more affected by agricultural runoff, dissolved oxygen data approach a normal distribution (mean value: 6.93 mg/l and median: 7.03 mg/l). The 25<sup>th</sup> and 75<sup>th</sup> percentiles in Pikrodafni stream are: 0.1 mg/l and 3.47 mg/l respectively while in Lithaios stream are: 5.6 mg/l and 8.45 mg/l. The average water temperature is similar to both streams (18.8 oC in Pikrodafni and 16.2 oC in Lithaios). Therefore, the significant differences in DO concentrations between the two streams indicate the need for continuous monitoring of data that facilitates the identification of pressures and enables stakeholders to respond to pollution events in time.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Miniaturized Water Quality Monitoring System Using Wireless Communication

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Hsing-Cheng Yu ◽  
Ming-Yang Tsai ◽  
Yuan-Chih Tsai ◽  
Jhih-Jyun You ◽  
Chun-Lin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Quality Monitoring

Recently, environmental pollution resulting from industrial waste has been emerging in an endless stream. The industrial waste contains chemical materials, heavy metal ions, and other toxic materials. Once the industrial waste is discharged without standards, it might lead to water or environmental pollution. Hence, it has become more important to provide evidence-based water quality monitoring. The use of a multifunctional miniaturized water quality monitoring system (WQMS), that contains continuous monitoring, water quality monitoring, and wireless communication applications, simultaneously, is infrequent. Thus, electrodes integrated with polydimethylsiloxane flow channels were presented in this study to be a compound sensor, and the sensor can be adopted concurrently to measure temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and copper ion concentration, whose sensitivities are determined as 0.0193 °C/mV, −0.0642 pH/mV, 1.1008 mS/V·cm (from 0 mS/cm to 2 mS/cm) and 1.1975 mS/V·cm (from 2 mS/cm to 5.07 mS/cm), and 0.0111 ppm/mV, respectively. A LoRa shield connected into the system could provide support as a node of long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) for wireless communication application. As mentioned above, the sensors, LoRa, and circuit have been integrated in this study to a continuous monitoring system, WQMS. The advantages of the multifunctional miniaturized WQMS are low cost, small size, easy maintenance, continuous sampling and long-term monitoring for many days. Every tested period is 180 min, and the measured rate is 5 times per 20 min. The feedback signals of the miniaturized WQMS and measured values of the instrument were obtained to compare the difference. In the measured results at three different place-to-place locations the errors of electrical conductivity are 0.051 mS/cm, 0.106 mS/cm, and 0.092 mS/cm, respectively. The errors of pH are 0.68, 0.87, and 0.56, respectively. The errors of temperature are 0.311 °C, 0.252 °C, and 0.304 °C, respectively. The errors of copper ion concentration are 0.051 ppm, 0.058 ppm, 0.050 ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals Water-Quality Classification of Inland Lakes Using Landsat8 Images by Convolutional Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangling Pu ◽  
Chujiang Ding ◽  
Zeyi Chao ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Xin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Water Quality Classification

Water-quality monitoring of inland lakes is essential for freshwater-resource protection. In situ water-quality measurements and ratings are accurate but high costs limit their usage. Water-quality monitoring using remote sensing has shown to be cost-effective. However, the nonoptically active parameters that mainly determine water-quality levels in China are difficult to estimate because of their weak optical characteristics and lack of explicit correlation between remote-sensing images and parameters. To address the problems, a convolutional neural network (CNN) with hierarchical structure was designed to represent the relationship between Landsat8 images and in situ water-quality levels. A transfer-learning strategy in the CNN model was introduced to deal with the lack of in situ measurement data. After the CNN model was trained by spatially and temporally matched Landsat8 images and in situ water-quality data that were collected from official websites, the surface quality of the whole water body could be classified. We tested the CNN model at the Erhai and Chaohu lakes in China, respectively. The experiment results demonstrate that the CNN model outperformed widely used machine-learning methods. The trained model at Erhai Lake can be used for the water-quality classification of Chaohu Lake. The introduced CNN model and the water-quality classification method could cover the whole lake with low costs. The proposed method has potential in inland-lake monitoring.

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