Influences of the Normal Microbiota on the Animal Host

1997 ◽  
pp. 466-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Animal Host ◽  
Normal Microbiota

Barrier Effect of Normal Microbiota AgainstClostridium difficilemay be Influenced by Drugs Devoid of Antibiotic Activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-C. Barc ◽  
C. Depitre ◽  
G. Corthier ◽  
T. Karjalainen ◽  
P. Bourlioux
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
Normal Microbiota

Impact of Yeast Pyruvate Carboxylase on the Productivity of Animal Host Cell Lines

2005 ◽  
pp. 87-89
Author(s):  
M. Bollatifogolin ◽  
N. Irani ◽  
A.J. Beccaria ◽  
C. Schulz ◽  
J. Von Den Heuvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Animal Host

Antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria: lessons learned from host-specific pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy M. Wassenaar ◽  
Peter Silley
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe relative contribution of veterinary and human clinical treatments to the selection of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic pathogens remains controversial. In this review, we consider bacterial pathogens that differ in host specificity and address their resistance profiles: pathogens that only occur in the human host, pathogens that are specific to particular food-producing animals and pathogens that occur in both host types. Compared with those pathogens restricted to a single animal host, pathogens found in both human and animal hosts appear to have higher incidences of resistance. However, the most urgent and severe resistance problems occur with pathogens exclusively infecting humans. Differences exist in the available genetic repertoire of a bacterial species and these are reflected in the observed resistance patterns; it is important to note that different bacterial species do not automatically result in similarly resistant populations when they undergo comparable selection in different host species. Thus, within a bacterial species, prevalence of resistance can differ between populations isolated from different hosts. For some species, fluctuations in dominant subpopulations, for instance particular serotypes, can be the most important factor determining resistance. The frequently expressed opinion that veterinary use of antimicrobials is at the heart of many resistance problems may be an oversimplification of the complex forces at play.

Influence of animal host and tumor implantation site on radio-antibody uptake in the GW-39 human colonic cancer xenograft

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Blumenthal ◽  
R. M. Sharkey ◽  
R. Kashi ◽  
A. M. Natale ◽  
D. M. Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Cancer ◽  
Implantation Site ◽  
Tumor Implantation ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Antibody Uptake

scholarly journals Animal host-microbe interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany J. Hoye ◽  
Andy Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Host ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

scholarly journals Cnidarian Interaction with Microbial Communities: From Aid to Animal’s Health to Rejection Responses

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Stabili ◽  
Maria Parisi ◽  
Daniela Parrinello ◽  
Matteo Cammarata
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
And Behavior

The phylum Cnidaria is an ancient branch in the tree of metazoans. Several species exert a remarkable longevity, suggesting the existence of a developed and consistent defense mechanism of the innate immunity capable to overcome the potential repeated exposure to microbial pathogenic agents. Increasing evidence indicates that the innate immune system in Cnidarians is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but also is crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the Cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal’s health for several functions, including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Sometimes, the shifts in the normal microbiota may be used as “early” bio-indicators of both environmental changes and/or animal disease. Here the Cnidarians relationships with microbial communities and the potential biotechnological applications are summarized and discussed.

Developing a Model to Study Commensal Translocation during IBD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Future Work

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is severe inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. This can lead to a breakdown of mucosal barriers, causing dissemination of commensal bacteria throughout the body. To better understand bacterial translocation during IBD, aim to develop a fluorescent microbiota in mice that we can interrogate using live imaging techniques.   Our preliminary experiments depleted commensals using broad-spectrum antibiotics,  and replaced these microbiota with a fluorescent E. coli strain. The length of time that E.coli stays in the mice gut were monitored. We show that E. coli can persist in the ‘germ-free’ mouse gut for at least 21 days; control mice lose all added E. coli by 8-14 days. The establishment of the E. coli colony suggests this could be a reasonable model to study bacterial translocation.  We are currently going to treat the colonized mice with DSS to induce colitis, and then to study translocation of E. coli by intravital microscopy. Considering E. coli is only a fraction of the normal microbiota and perhaps not a relevant model, future work aims at making a fluorescent microbiota consisting of multiple endogenous murine microbes. This will entail the use of a bacterial conjugation system  capable of ubiquitously transforming many microbial species.  

scholarly journals The Causal Relationship between Eating Animals and Viral Epidemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Bhaskara L. Reddy ◽  
Milton H., Jr. Saier
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Relative Ease

For decades it has been known that infectious agents including pathogenic protozoans, bacteria, and viruses, adapted to a particular animal host, can mutate to gain the ability to infect another host, and the mechanisms involved have been studied in great detail. Although an infectious agent in one animal can alter its host range with relative ease, no example of a plant virus changing its host organism to an animal has been documented. One prevalent pathway for the transmission of infectious agents between hosts involves ingestion of the flesh of one organism by another. In this article we document numerous examples of viral and prion diseases transmitted by eating animals. We suggest that the occurrence of cross-species viral epidemics can be substantially reduced by shifting to a more vegetarian diet and enforcing stricter laws that ban the slaughter and trade of wild and endangered species.

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