Semiparametric Proportional Hazards Regression with Fixed Covariates

1997 ◽  
pp. 229-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Klein ◽  
Melvin L. Moeschberger
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression

PETCO2 gradient: a novel prognostic parameter in cardiopulmonary exercise testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D Poveda Pinedo ◽  
I Marco Clement ◽  
O Gonzalez ◽  
I Ponz ◽  
A.M Iniesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Parameter ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Previous parameters such as peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope and OUES have been described to be prognostic in heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to identify further prognostic factors of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in HF patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of HF patients who underwent CPET from January to November 2019 in a single centre was performed. PETCO2 gradient was defined by the difference between final PETCO2 and baseline PETCO2. HF events were defined as decompensated HF requiring hospital admission or IV diuretics, or decompensated HF resulting in death. Results A total of 64 HF patients were assessed by CPET, HF events occurred in 8 (12.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics are shown in table 1. Patients having HF events had a negative PETCO2 gradient while patients not having events showed a positive PETCO2 gradient (−1.5 [IQR −4.8, 2.3] vs 3 [IQR 1, 5] mmHg; p=0.004). A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis revealed that PETCO2 gradient was an independent predictor of HF events (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.61–0.89]; p=0.002). Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly higher incidence of HF events in patients having negative gradients, p=0.002 (figure 1). Conclusion PETCO2 gradient was demonstrated to be a prognostic parameter of CPET in HF patients in our study. Patients having negative gradients had worse outcomes by having more HF events. Time to first event, decompensated heart Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Associated characteristics and treatment outcomes of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients receiving denosumab or zoledronic acid for bone metastases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ikesue ◽  
Moe Mouri ◽  
Hideaki Tomita ◽  
Masaki Hirabatake ◽  
Mai Ikemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Denosumab Treatment

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between clinical characteristics and development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients who underwent dental examinations before the initiation of treatment with denosumab or zoledronic acid, which are bone-modifying agents (BMAs), for bone metastases. Additionally, the clinical outcomes of patients who developed MRONJ were evaluated along with the time to resolution of MRONJ. Methods The medical charts of patients with cancer who received denosumab or zoledronic acid for bone metastases between January 2012 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if they did not undergo a dental examination at baseline. Results Among the 374 included patients, 34 (9.1%) developed MRONJ. The incidence of MRONJ was significantly higher in the denosumab group than in the zoledronic acid (27/215 [12.6%] vs 7/159 [4.4%], P = 0.006) group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that denosumab treatment, older age, and tooth extraction before and after starting BMA treatments were significantly associated with developing MRONJ. The time to resolution of MRONJ was significantly shorter for patients who received denosumab (median 26.8 months) than for those who received zoledronic acid (median not reached; P = 0.024). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that treatment with denosumab, age > 65 years, and tooth extraction before and after starting BMA treatments are significantly associated with developing MRONJ in patients undergoing treatment for bone metastases. However, MRONJ caused by denosumab resolves faster than that caused by zoledronic acid.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Associations between Blood Pressure and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes in the Tromsø Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Hilde Espnes ◽  
Jocasta Ball ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this study was to explore sex-specific associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP), hypertension, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) subtypes, including paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF, in a general population. A total of 13,137 women and 11,667 men who participated in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study (1994–1995) were followed up for incident AF until the end of 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted using fractional polynomials for SBP to provide sex- and AF-subtype-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for SBP. An SBP of 120 mmHg was used as the reference. Models were adjusted for other cardiovascular risk factors. Over a mean follow-up of 17.6 ± 6.6 years, incident AF occurred in 914 (7.0%) women (501 with paroxysmal/persistent AF and 413 with permanent AF) and 1104 (9.5%) men (606 with paroxysmal/persistent AF and 498 with permanent AF). In women, an SBP of 180 mmHg was associated with an HR of 2.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–2.76) for paroxysmal/persistent AF and an HR of 1.80 (95% CI 1.33–2.44) for permanent AF. In men, an SBP of 180 mmHg was associated with an HR of 1.90 (95% CI 1.46–2.46) for paroxysmal/persistent AF, while there was no association with the risk of permanent AF. In conclusion, increasing SBP was associated with an increased risk of both paroxysmal/persistent AF and permanent AF in women, but only paroxysmal/persistent AF in men. Our findings highlight the importance of sex-specific risk stratification and optimizing blood pressure management for the prevention of AF subtypes in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Farrell ◽  
Laura F. DeFina ◽  
Nathan L. Tintle ◽  
David Leonard ◽  
Kenneth H. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Long Chain

Background: The association between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer (PC) remains unclear. Methods: We compared incident PC rates as a function of the Omega-3 Index [O3I, erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA)] in 5607 men (40–80 years of age) seen at the Cooper Clinic who were free of PC at baseline. The average follow-up was 5.1 ± 2.8 years until censoring or reporting a new PC diagnosis. Proportional hazards regression was used to model the linear association between baseline O3I and the age-adjusted time to diagnosis. A meta-analysis of n-3 PUFA biomarker-based studies and incident PC was updated with the present findings. Results: A total of 116 cases of incident PC were identified. When O3I was examined as a continuous variable, the age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) was 0.98 (0.89, 1.07; p = 0.25) for each 1% increment in the O3I. The updated meta-analysis with 10 biomarker-based studies found no significant relationship between EPA or DHA levels and risk for PC. Conclusions: We find no evidence in this study nor in a meta-analysis of similar studies that consuming n-3 PUFA-rich fish or using fish oil supplements affects the risk of PC.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of erector spinae muscles and prognosis in elderly patients with pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Yoshikawa ◽  
Kosaku Komiya ◽  
Takashi Yamamoto ◽  
Naoko Fujita ◽  
Hiroaki Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Survivor Group

AbstractErector spinae muscle (ESM) size has been reported as a predictor of prognosis in patients with some respiratory diseases. This study aimed to assess the association of ESM size on all-cause in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with pneumonia. We retrospectively included patients (age: ≥ 65 years) admitted to hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 for community-acquired pneumonia who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) on admission. The cross-sectional area of the ESM (ESMcsa) was measured on a single-slice CT image at the end of the 12th thoracic vertebra and adjusted by body surface area (BSA). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the influence of ESMcsa/BSA on in-hospital mortality. Among 736 patients who were admitted for pneumonia, 702 patients (95%) underwent chest CT. Of those, 689 patients (98%) for whom height and weight were measured to calculate BSA were included in this study. Patients in the non-survivor group were significantly older, had a greater frequency of respiratory failure, loss of consciousness, lower body mass index, hemoglobin, albumin, and ESMcsa/BSA. Multivariate analysis showed that a lower ESMcsa/BSA independently predicted in-hospital mortality after adjusting for these variables. In elderly patients with pneumonia, quantification of ESMcsa/BSA may be associated with in-hospital mortality.

scholarly journals Replacement of potatoes with other vegetables and risk of myocardial infarction in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Anne Mette L. Würtz ◽  
Mette D. Hansen ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
Eric B. Rimm ◽  
Erik B. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Root Vegetables

ABSTRACT Intake of vegetables is recommended for the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). However, vegetables make up a heterogeneous group, and subgroups of vegetables may be differentially associated with MI. The aim of this study was to examine replacement of potatoes with other vegetables or subgroups of other vegetables and the risk of MI. Substitutions between subgroups of other vegetables and risk of MI were also investigated. We followed 29,142 women and 26,029 men aged 50-64 years in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Diet was assessed at baseline by using a detailed validated FFQ. Hazards ratios (HR) with 95% CI for the incidence of MI were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. During 13.6 years of follow-up, 656 female and 1,694 male cases were identified. Among women, the adjusted HR for MI was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.13) per 500 g/week replacement of potatoes with other vegetables. For vegetable subgroups, the HR was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.13) for replacement of potatoes with fruiting vegetables and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.07) for replacement of potatoes with other root vegetables. A higher intake of cabbage replacing other vegetable subgroups was associated with a statistically non-significant higher risk of MI. A similar pattern of associations was found when intake was expressed in kcal/week. Among men, the pattern of associations was overall found to be similar to that for women. This study supports food-based dietary guidelines recommending to consume a variety of vegetables from all subgroups.

Consumption of flavonoid-rich fruits, flavonoids from fruits, and stroke risk: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Qi Gao ◽  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Isao Muraki ◽  
Kazumasa Yamagishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Index Study

Abstract We sought to examine the prospective associations of specific fruit consumption, in particular flavonoid-rich fruit (FRF) consumption, with the risk of stroke and subtypes of stroke in a Japanese population. A study followed a total of 39,843 men and 47,334 women aged 44-76 years, and free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer at baseline since 1995 and 1998 to the end of 2009 and 2012, respectively. Data on total and specific FRF consumption for each participant were obtained using a self-administrated food frequency questionnaire. The hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke in relation to total and specific FRF consumption were estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression models. During a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 4092 incident stroke cases (2557 cerebral infarctions and 1516 hemorrhagic strokes) were documented. After adjustment for age, body mass index, study area, lifestyles, dietary factors, and other risk factors, it was found that total FRF consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of stroke in women (HR= 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58-0.84), while the association in men was not significant (HR= 0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.09). As for specific FRFs, consumptions of citrus fruits, strawberries, and grapes were found associated with a lower stroke risk in women. Higher consumptions of FRFs, in particular citrus fruits, strawberries, and grapes, were associated with a lower risk of developing stroke in Japanese women.

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