Definition of form and Function for the S-Layer of Caulobacter crescentus

1993 ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade H. Bingle ◽  
Stephen G. Walker ◽  
John Smit
Keyword(s):  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals What do we mean by Impact?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Perry ◽  
David G. Imig
Keyword(s):  
Schools Of Education ◽  
Education Doctorate ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Graduate Schools Of Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Change Efforts

A history of change efforts by philanthropic agencies and government organizations directed at graduate schools of education has not produced long-term or sustained changes in their form and function. The Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED), however, has been able to demonstrate that external change efforts can result in change in schools of education when bottom-up efforts are combined with top-down support. Such change is an important "impact" of CPED. In this short essay, the CPED Executive Director and Chairman of the Board provide an overview of CPED's impact and then challenge authors and reader to help CPED further extend the definition of impact as it related to all aspects of the Education Doctorate.

Deponency and Morphological Mismatches

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Definitive Statement ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
As If

Deponency is a mismatch between form and function in language that was first described for Latin, where there is a group of verbs (the deponents) that are morphologically passive but syntactically active. This is evidence of a larger problem involving the interface between syntax and morphology: inflectional morphology is supposed to specify syntactic function, but sometimes it sends out the wrong signal. Although the problem is as old as the Western linguistic tradition, no generally accepted account of it has yet been given, and it is safe to say that all current theories of language have been constructed as if deponency did not exist. In recent years, however, linguists have begun to confront its theoretical implications, albeit largely in isolation from each other. There is as yet no definitive statement of the problem, nor any generally accepted definition of its nature and scope. This volume brings together the findings of scholars working in the area of morphological mismatches, and represents a typological and theoretical treatment of the topic.

scholarly journals La Planta de Equivalencias. Mat-rooming.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Colmenares
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

<p>Attention to the mechanisms by which certain architectural configurations are able to adapt to change defines a field of interest that has only been growing since the mid-twentieth century, after overcoming the exclusive dilemma between form and function. However, the influence of strategies based on the principle of free plan is still much greater than that of other proposals that are not based on the independence between supporting structure and distributive organization. The aim of this work is the definition of a genealogy for the idea of the plan of equivalents that is proposed as an alternative model of functional indifference, establishing a connection between the logics of pre-bourgeois domestic architecture and the most recent examples of programmatic experimentation in housing. The re-interpretation of some iteration techniques of elements developed in the 60s by the most critical generation with canonical modernity, together with the analysis of their associated operative vocabulary, will allow an outline to an approach of the inhabiting patterns based on the systematic proliferation of the room as a generic piece.</p>

scholarly journals Revisiting the classification of squamate adhesive setae: historical, morphological and functional perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 202039
Author(s):  
Austin M. Garner ◽  
Anthony P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gecko Adhesion ◽  
Made In

Research on gecko-based adhesion has become a truly interdisciplinary endeavour, encompassing many disciplines within the natural and physical sciences. Gecko adhesion occurs by the induction of van der Waals intermolecular (and possibly other) forces between substrata and integumentary filaments (setae) terminating in at least one spatulate tip. Gecko setae have increasingly been idealized as structures with uniform dimensions and a particular branching pattern. Approaches to developing synthetic simulacra have largely adopted such an idealized form as a foundational template. Observations of entire setal fields of geckos and anoles have, however, revealed extensive, predictable variation in setal form. Some filaments of these fields do not fulfil the morphological criteria that characterize setae and, problematically, recent authors have applied the term ‘seta’ to structurally simpler and likely non-adhesively competent fibrils. Herein we briefly review the history of the definition of squamate setae and propose a standardized classificatory scheme for epidermal outgrowths based on a combination of whole animal performance and morphology. Our review is by no means comprehensive of the literature regarding the form, function, and development of the adhesive setae of squamates and we do not address significant advances that have been made in many areas (e.g. cell biology of setae) that are largely tangential to their classification and identification. We contend that those who aspire to simulate the form and function of squamate setae will benefit from a fuller appreciation of the diversity of these structures, thereby assisting in the identification of features most relevant to their objectives.

Form and Function in Aristotle

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-337
Author(s):  
Boris Hennig
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Material Thing ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Proper Account

Abstract On the one hand, Aristotle claims that the matter of a material thing is not part of its form. On the other hand, he suggests that the proper account of a natural thing must include a specification of the kind of matter in which it is realized. There are three possible strategies for dealing with this apparent tension. First, there may be two kinds of definition, so that the definition of the form of a thing does not include any specification of its matter, whereas the definition of a compound does. Second, the definition of a substance may not include a specification of its matter at all, but still reveal in what kinds of matter its form can be realized. Third, there may be a special kind of matter, functional matter, which belongs to the form of certain things. I will show that the functional matter of a thing does not belong to its form (in a strict sense of “form”), but that an adequate account of natural substances and their functions must nonetheless involve a reference to their functional matter. This means that the function of a natural thing is not the same as its form and that its adequate account as a natural thing is not a definition (in a strict sense of “form” and “definition”).

scholarly journals Politics of disclosure: Organizational transparency as multi-actor negotiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Heimstädt ◽  
Leonhard Dobusch
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Organizational Transparency

Transparency is in vogue, yet oftentimes used as an umbrella concept for a wide array of phenomena. More focused concepts are needed to understand the form and function of different phenomena of visibility. In this article, we develop a definition of organizational transparency as systematic disclosure programs that meet the information needs of other actors. Organizational transparency, we argue, is best studied as an inter-organizational negotiation process on the field- level. To evaluate its merit, we apply this framework to a case study on the introduction of open data in the Berlin city administration. Analyzing the politics of disclosure, we learn about the similarities and differences between phenomena of visibility (e.g. open data, freedom of information), explore the transformative power of negotiating transparency, and deduce recommendations for managing transparency.

Towards an Operational Definition of Discourse Contrast

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Myhill ◽  
Janet Zhiqun Xing
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Linguists have often invoked the concept of contrast in attempting to explain the use of certain constructions without explicitly defining this term. The present paper proposes an operational definition of contrast which can be applied to naturally occurring data so as to provide a more precise account of the relationship between form and function. The specific problem addressed is word order in Biblical Hebrew and Chinese. It is shown that contrast is one factor affecting deviations from canonical word order in these languages, but that the effect of contrast differs in a number of respects in the two languages, and many deviations from canonical word order cannot be accounted for by reference to contrast.

scholarly journals Linguistic Means of Authorization in Modern English Magazine Discourse: Constructionist Rhetorical Approach

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Collective Authorship ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article discusses the linguistic means of authorization in English magazine discourse. It proposes a definition of authorization and its discursive realization with the implementation of rhetorical canons and ways of persuasion. The linguistic means of authorization is represented by constructions which due to the fusion of form and meaning or form and function reflect the authorship – individual, institutional or collective. The paper distinguishes two types of constructions: deictic indicating individual authorization and impersonal pointing to the institutional authorship. With respect to the referential meaning of its constituents, deictic constructions fall into orientational fixing the author’s place in the environment: somatic relating to the author’s body; perceptual rendering visual, auditory or tactile modalities; locational referring to the author’s whereabouts. Constructions denoting an author’s activity refer to different spheres: cognitive; communicative; professional. Constructions referring to social relations reveal the addressor’s roles in two domains: immediate surroundings, covering family, friends, household as well as the wide public life encompassing politics and economics. Constructions appealing to pathos evoke evaluation, emotions or human needs uniting the author and readers. Constructions rendering institutional authorization represent the authors’ distance from the contents by four subtypes of subjective constructions: nominal, pronominal, predicative referring to event participants as well as discursive. Moreover, the functioning of deictic and impersonal constructions as authorization devices is subordinated to disposition with differing frequency. The collective authorship, which can be bi- and multiple, results from the interaction of constructions rendering individual and institutional authorization.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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