scholarly journals The Determination of the Density of the Atmosphere at an Altitude of 430 Kilometers by the Sodium Vapor Diffusion Method

1961 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Shklovskii ◽  
V. G. Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sodium Vapor ◽  
Vapor Diffusion

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF NATURAL EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES, ROOT, STEM AND FLOWERS OF BACCHARIS LATIFOLIA FROM ECUADOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
FAVIAN BAYAS-MOREJON ◽  
ANGELICA TIGRE ◽  
RIVELINO RAMON ◽  
DANILO YANEZ
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The increase in chronic and degenerative diseases and the use of synthetic antioxidants such as (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)) are being restricted because they can be considered carcinogenic. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the search for natural antioxidants, especially from plants, due to their content in different bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials. To evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Baccharislatifolia extracts. Methods: For the determination of the antimicrobial activity of extracts of leaves, root, stem and flowers of Baccharislatifolia (Bl), the disk plate diffusion method was used, the strains of Listeria, Salmonella and E. coli were studied; antibiotics Penicillin G and Ciprofloxacin were the controls. For the antioxidant activity, a solution of H2O2 (Abs at 230 nm) was prepared in Potassium Phosphate Monobasic-Sodium Hydroxide buffer. Results: The antimicrobial activity against Listeria and Salmonella, showed that the extracts of leaves and flowers were more effective with inhibition zones>15 mm and>20 mm respectively. In front of E. coli, the extracts of flowers and stem were the best with zones>7.0 mm. Antibiotics studied inhibited the development of Listeria and Salmonella. However, E. coli isolates were resistant. In the antioxidant activity, the flower extract of Bl in 60 mg/ml presents a higher effect with 47.25%. Conclusion: Bl extracts from leaves and flowers were more efficient both in their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor activities of the red propolis Alagoas

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. G. Silva ◽  
T. M. S. Matias ◽  
L. I. O. Souza ◽  
T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽  
S. A. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dpph Method

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, toxicity and phytochemical screening of the Red Propolis Alagoas. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and determination of phenolic compounds by Follin method. Toxicity was performed by the method of Artemia salina and cytotoxicity by MTT method. The phytochemical screening for the detection of allelochemicals was performed. The ethanol extract of propolis of Alagoas showed significant results for antimicrobial activity, and inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida krusei. The antioxidant activity of the FTC method was 80% to 108.3% hydrogen peroxide kidnapping, the DPPH method showed an EC50 3.97 mg/mL, the content of total phenolic compounds was determined by calibration curve gallic acid, resulting from 0.0005 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The extract was non-toxic by A. salina method. The propolis extract showed high activity with a higher percentage than 75% inhibition of tumor cells OVCAR-8, SF-295 and HCT116. Chemical constituents were observed as flavonones, xanthones, flavonols, and Chalcones Auronas, Catechins and leucoanthocyanidins. It is concluded that the extract can be tested is considered a potential source of bioactive metabolites.

A gradual desiccation method for improving the efficiency of protein crystallization screening

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin-Qin Lu ◽  
Xu-Zhuo Xie ◽  
Rui-Qing Chen ◽  
Zi-Qing Wu ◽  
Qing-Di Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Protein Crystallization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Vapor Diffusion ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Reservoir Solution ◽  
The One

In vapor diffusion protein crystallization screening, it has been reported that replacing the reservoir solution with desiccant can increase the crystallization success rate. Therefore, the desiccation method is a potentially powerful method in practical protein crystallization screening. However, this method is difficult to apply broadly because the optimal amount of desiccant for a specific screening task is unknown. Utilizing an unsuitable amount of desiccant can result in even worse screening results than would be obtained from the traditional vapor diffusion method. Here, it is shown that by employing a modified strategy, named the gradual desiccation method, the problem can be solved without knowing the optimal amount of desiccant, and the crystallization success rate can be further increased compared with the one-time desiccation method.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Ocimum basilicum (Omani Basil): A Desert Crop

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Yahya Al-Maskri ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Masoud Yahya Al-Maskari ◽  
Alfie Susan Abraham ◽  
Jamal Nasser Al-sabahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Basil Oil

The focus of the present study was on the influence of season on yield, chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of Omani basil ( Ocimum basilicum) oil. The present study involved only one of the eight Omani basil varieties. The hydro-distilled essential oil yields were computed to be 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.1% in the winter, spring and summer seasons, respectively. The major components identified were L- linalool (26.5 - 56.3%), geraniol (12.1 - 16.5%), 1,8-cineole (2.5 - 15.1%), ρ-allylanisole (0.2 - 13.8%) and DL-limonene (0.2 -10.4%). A noteworthy extra component was β- farnesene, which was exclusively detected in the oil extracted during winter and spring at 6.3% and 5.8%, respectively. The essential oil composition over the different seasons was quite idiosyncratic, in which the principal components of one season were either trivial or totally absent in another. The essential oil extracted in spring exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (except DPPH scavenging ability) in comparison with the oils from other seasons. The basil oil was tested against pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Penicillium italicum and Rhizopus stolonifer using a disc diffusion method, and by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. Surprisingly high antifungal values were found highlighting the potential of Omani basil as a preservative in the food and medical industries.

Lead, Fluoride, and Other Elements in Bonemeal Supplements

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054-1061
Author(s):  
Stephen G Capar ◽  
John H Gould
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Argon Plasma ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lead Fluoride ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The Pb, Cd, F, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti, and Zn content of 20 commercial bonemeal supplements was determined. Samples were mineralized with nitric and perchloric acids prior to determination of all elements except F, for which a diffusion method was used. Pb and Cd were determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, F was measured using an ion selective electrode, and all other elements were determined by inductively coupled argon plasma spectroscopy. The mean recoveries of Pb and F were 97 and 99%, respectively. The concentration range of Pb was 1.5-8.7 μg/g. Cd was quantitated in only one sample at a level of 2.5 μg/g; all other samples were estimated to contain <0.05 μg Cd/g. The concentration of F ranged from 261 to 921 μg/g.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Study and Antibacterial and Antibiotic Modulation Activity of Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Leaves

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amine Trabelsi ◽  
Mohamed Amine El Kaibi ◽  
Aïmen Abbassi ◽  
Amira Horchani ◽  
Leila Chekir-Ghedira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

This study aimed to determine phytochemical contents, antibacterial properties, and antibiotic modulating potential of Punica granatum leaf extracts: hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts as well as an extract enriched with total oligomer flavonoids (TOFs). The TOF extract contained the highest value of phenols and flavonoids. Rutin, luteolin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid were determined by HPLC analysis of this extract. The antibacterial activity was assayed by the disc diffusion method and microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli standard ATCC strains and clinical isolates resistant strains. The TOF extract was the most active against all tested strains. The checkerboard method was used for the determination of synergy between two antibiotics (amoxicillin and cefotaxime) and P. granatum leaf extracts. The best synergistic interaction was found with TOF extract combined with amoxicillin for penicillin-resistant E. coli and penicillin-resistant S. aureus. These results can be assigned to tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids found in P. granatum leaf extracts. Pomegranate leaf extracts or active compounds isolated from these extracts could be used to fight the emergence and spread of resistant bacterial strains.

Comparative study of the ethanol extracts of six Acinos Miller species: chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Tatjana D. GOLUBOVIĆ ◽  
Gordana S. STOJANOVIĆ ◽  
Dušanka V. KITIĆ ◽  
Bojan K. ZLATKOVIĆ ◽  
Dragana R. PAVLOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The ethanol extracts of selected Acinos Miller species were investigated in terms of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracts were performed using GC and GC-MS. Eighty-six constituents, accounting for 93.70-99.99% of the total composition of the extracts, were identified. The ethanol extracts of A. majoranifolius, A. suaveolens and A. alpinus were characterized by domination of monoterpenes, representing 85.03%, 57.39% and 28.02% of the total extracts, respectively. Fatty acids and their esters in the A. arvensis and A. graveolens extracts reached 28.97% and 30.75%. Also, n-alkanes were the major compounds found in A. hungaricus ethanol extract (30.98%). The extracts were characterized by determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. Besides, the antioxidant activity of the investigated extracts was estimated by two assays: DPPH and FRAP test. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extract of A. alpinus which had high levels of all examined polyphenol classes. A disk diffusion method was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extracts. Gram-positive: Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium pyogenes, Enterococcus sp., Micrococcus flavus; Gram-negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aerugionsa, Salmonella enteritidis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and fungal organisms: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as test microorganisms. The results of preliminary bioassay demonstrated that the A. alpinus ethanol extract could be a possible source of compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Zu Stofftransport und Hydrodynamik der Pulsationsdiffusion

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049
Author(s):  
H. Beßerdich ◽  
E. Kahrig ◽  
Fr. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Periodic Flow ◽  
Matter Transport ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Transfer Parameters ◽  
Diffusion Separation ◽  
Separation Problems

The pulsation diffusion method is used successfully for the determination of diffusion coefficients in different systems (selfdiffusion, binary and ternary mixtures) and in connection with diffusion separation in liquids. The main advantage is the enhancement of matter transport by periodic flow e. g. in a capillary. Adapting a computation by P. L. Kapiza it is reported on a general treatment for the special conditions in a pulsation diffusion apparatus. Transport behavior depends strongly on hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters. The results are important for the application of the pulsation method for measuring diffusion coefficients and for separation problems.

Determination of imipenem efflux-mediated resistance in Acinetobacter spp., using an efflux pump inhibitor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazale Amiri ◽  
Maryam Abbasi Shaye ◽  
Masoumeh Bahreini ◽  
Asghar Mafinezhad ◽  
Kiarash Ghazvini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Carbonyl Cyanide ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background and Objectives: In recent years, reports of Acinetobacter strains resistant to all known antibiotics have caused a great concern in medical communities. Overexpression of efflux pumps is one of the major causes of resistance in bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of efflux pumps in conferring resistance to imipenem in clinically important Acinetobacter spp; Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter lwoffii. Materials and Methods: A total number of 46 clinical Acinetobacter isolates, including 33 A. baumannii and 13 A. lwoffii isolates, previously collected from Shahid Kamyab and Ghaem hospitals of Mashhad, Iran were used in this study. Imipenem susceptibility testing was carried out by the disc diffusion method. Imipenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for resistant Acinetobacter isolates were determined both in the presence and absence of the efflux pumps inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Results: Resistance to imipenem was observed in 38 isolates including 30 A. baumannii and 8 A. lwoffii isolates. Experiments in the presence of CCCP showed a 2 to 16384 fold reduction in imipenem MICs in 14 A. baumannii and 2 A. lwoffii isolates. Conclusion: The results obtained showed high levels of resistance to imipenem and contribution of efflux pumps in conferring resistance in both Acinetobacter species in this study. Moreover, imipenem efflux mediated resistance highlights the importance of this mechanism not only in A. baumannii but also in non-baumannii Acinetobacter Spp. which have been neglected in antibiotic resistance studies.

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility ofbacterial agents of canine pyometra

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrim Hamidi ◽  
Driton Sylejmani ◽  
Avni Robaj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of pyometra in bitches and isolation of bacteria involved and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility. For this purpose from March 2013 to February 2015, 230 bitches of different breeds and ages have been examined. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, hematology, radiography and ultrasound. The isolation and identification of bacteria in pyometra was carried out using ISO-methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates using the disk diffusion method. Canine pyometra was found more in bitches between 9-12 years old 10 cases (52.63%), and the most common dog affected breeds were small female dogs breed. The most common isolated pathogens from canine pyometra were; Escherichia coli (63.1%), Streptococcus pyogenes., (15.8%), Staphylococcus intermedius., (10.5%) and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa., (5.3%). Regarding AMR (antimicrobial resistance) Penicilin G and Ampicillin showed a very high resistance, indicating for acquired resistance due to improper und uncontrolled use.

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