Furan Cross-Linking Technology for Investigating GPCR–Ligand Interactions

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Marleen Van Troys ◽  
Willem Vannecke ◽  
Christophe Ampe ◽  
Annemieke Madder
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ligand Interactions

scholarly journals Cross-Linking the TCR Complex Induces Apoptosis in CD4+8+Thymocytes in the Presence of Cyclosporin A

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Poetschke ◽  
David B. Klug ◽  
Dawn Walker ◽  
Ellen R. Richie
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Negative Selection ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Signaling Events ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Cd69 Expression

Although it is generally agreed that TCR ligation is a minimal requirement for negative selection in the CD+8+double-positive (DP) thymocyte subset, the costimulatory requirements and specific signaling events necessary to induce apoptosis are not well defined. We have explored the consequences of cross-linking CD3/TCR complexes on thymocytes from H-Y TCR transgenic (Tg) mice. In agreement with previous reports, we demonstrate that culturing DP thymocytes with plate-bound anti-TCR antibody induces downregulation of CD4 and CD8 and upregulation of CD69 expression. Nevertheless, the activated cells did not undergo apoptosis, as determined by viable cell recoveries and by quantitation of DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL assay. However, specific depletion of the DP subset occurred within 24 hr when thymocytes were incubated in the presence of both anti-TCR and the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA). CsA also induced depletion of anti-CD3 stimulated normal DP thymocytes. Using mice homozygous for thelprorgldmutation, we also have shown that Fas/Fas ligand interactions are not involved in the CsA-induced death of TCR-stimulated DP thymocytes. These data verify that TCR cross-linking alone is insufficient to induce apoptosis of DP thymocytes and further suggest that TCR stimulation activates a CsA-sensitive protective pathway that interferes with signaling events leading to apoptosis in DP thymocytes.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Existence of the Loop E Motif of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid In Vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 2074-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xuehua Zhong ◽  
Asuka Itaya ◽  
Biao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Rna Motifs ◽  
Ligand Interactions

ABSTRACT RNA motifs comprising nucleotides that interact through non-Watson-Crick base pairing play critical roles in RNA functions, often by serving as the sites for RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, or RNA small ligand interactions. The structures of viral and viroid RNA motifs are studied commonly by in vitro, computational, and mutagenesis approaches. Demonstration of the in vivo existence of a motif will help establish its biological significance and promote mechanistic studies on its functions. By using UV cross-linking and primer extension, we have obtained direct evidence for the in vivo existence of the loop E motif of Potato spindle tuber viroid. We present our findings and discuss their biological implications.

Self-healing and shape-memory properties of polymeric materials cross-linked by hydrogen bonding and metal–ligand interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 4519-4523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Kobayashi ◽  
Tomohiro Hirase ◽  
Yoshinori Takashima ◽  
Akira Harada ◽  
Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Shape Memory Properties ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
Metal Ligand

Polymeric materials were prepared by cross-linking them with two independent non-covalent interactions, namely hydrogen bonding and metal–ligand interactions.

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

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