Development of a Drag Probe for In Situ Velocity Measurement of Molten Aluminum in Electrolysis Cell

2019 ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
Samaneh Poursaman ◽  
Mounir Baiteche ◽  
Donald Picard ◽  
Donald Ziegler ◽  
Louis Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Measurement ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Electrolysis Cell

Behaviors of Precipitates, Voids, and Hillocks in Electromigration Stressed Al-2wt%Cu Interconnects

1997 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Grosjean ◽  
H. Okabayashi ◽  
M. Komatsu ◽  
H. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Void Growth ◽  
Velocity Measurement ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Side View ◽  
Cu Interconnects ◽  
Hillock Growth

ABSTRACTWe observed the dynamics of Al2Cu precipitates, voids, and hillocks under electromigration (EM) stress (200–250° C, 1–2 MA/cm2) in Al-2wt%Cu lines using in-situ and ex-situ side-view TEM. The sub-micron wide (0.5 to 0.8 μm) bamboo Al-Cu lines were on a TiN underlayer in a drift velocity measurement structure. Large precipitates near the cathode ends of the lines shrank under EM, leaving voids before all the Cu was depleted from the cathode ends. We attribute the void formation at the cathode end to the stram induced by the shrinking precipitates in neighboring Al grams. Precipitates downstream of a sufficient Al source (eroding precipitate or Al grain) eroded without adjacent void growth. Size and location of precipitates were thus important in determining whether voids formed or not. Size and location of precipitates at the anode end, however, did not necessarily affect hillock growth. Hillocks grew near the anode end of the lines even with so-called blocking grain precipitates upstream in some cases.

Kinetics of the reactive spreading of molten aluminum on ceramic surfaces

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Weirauch ◽  
Willy M. Balaba ◽  
Anthony J. Perrotta
Keyword(s):  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triple Line ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Surfaces ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Rate Of Movement

The spreading kinetics of molten aluminum on ceramic surfaces bearing reactive coatings has been studied through the direct observation of sessile drops, either formed in situ or emplaced at temperature. Analysis of videotapes permitted the assessment of the rate of advance of rapidly spreading droplets. Experimental conditions in this study were chosen to avoid the severe retarding effect of the aluminum oxide film which is typically encountered in aluminum wetting experiments. A variety of reactive coating systems were examined (B, Cu, Ni, Ti, and Ti + B), and the effect of coating amount was assessed. Based upon the experiments of this study, the main effect of the coatings is to drive spreading due to strong exothermic interfacial reactions. The intensity of the interfacial reaction causes the change in free energy per unit area of interface to dominate the rate of movement of the triple line.

Preparation and Microstructure of Nano ZrB2 Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
Guirong Li ◽  
Yun Cai ◽  
Yu Tao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Liquid Reaction ◽  
Particulate Reinforced ◽  
Electronic Microscope ◽  
Observation Results

The ZrB2 particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated via melt direct reaction method using Al-K2ZrF6-KBF4 components. 850°C and 30 min were the optimized synthesizing temperature and reaction time separately. The metallurgical thermodynamic and kinetic processes were then analyzed in detail. It reveals that the interphases include Al3Zr, AlB2, [Z and [ atoms. The ZrB2 particulates can be acquired through the molecular combination between Al3Zr and AlB2 or atomic combination between Zr and B atomics. The in situ reaction between reactive salts and molten aluminum takes place spontaneously, which exhibits the character of liquid-liquid reaction. Scanning electronic microscope observation results demonstrate that the sizes of ZrB2 particulates are almost 100-200 nm. The intervals between particles are almost 200-400 nm, demonstrating a unirom status of distribution.

KISAP: A new In situ seafloor velocity measurement tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Young Kim ◽  
Ki Ju Park ◽  
Gwang Soo Lee ◽  
Dong Geun Yoo ◽  
Young Kyo Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tool

Cast In-Situ Al (Mg,Mo)-Al2O3 (MoO3) Composite: Characterization and Tribological Behavior

Tribology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhaqq Q. Hamid ◽  
Sataish C. Jain ◽  
Prakriti K. Ghosh ◽  
Subrata Ray
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
In Situ Composite ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Aluminum alloy-based cast in-situ composite has been synthesized by dispersion of externally added molybdenum trioxide particles (MoO3) in molten aluminum at the processing temperature of 850 °C. During processing, displacement reaction between molten aluminum and MoO3 particles, results in formation of alumina particles in-situ also releases molybdenum into molten aluminum. A part of this molybdenum forms solid -solution with aluminum and the remaining part reacts with aluminum to form intermetallic phase Mo(Al1−xFex)12 of different morphologies. Magnesium (Mg) is added to the melt in order to help wetting of alumina particles generated in-situ, by molten aluminum and help to retain these particles inside the melt. The mechanical properties (ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, percentage elongation and hardness) of the cast in-situ composite are relatively higher than those observed either in cast commercial aluminum or in cast Al-Mo alloys. The wear and friction of the resulting cast in-situ Al(Mg, Mo)Al2O3(MoO3) composites have been investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine, at different normal loads of 9.8, 14.7, 19.6, 24.5, 29.4, 34.3 and 39.2 N and a constant sliding speed of 1.05 m/s, under dry sliding conditions. The results indicate that the cumulative volume loss and wear rate of cast in-situ composites are significantly lower than those observed either in cast commercial aluminum or in cast Al-Mo alloy, under similar load and sliding conditions. Beyond about 30-35 N loads, there appears to be a higher rate of increase in the wear rate in the cast in-situ composite as well as in cast commercial aluminum and cast Al-Mo alloy. For a given normal load, the coefficient of friction of cast in-situ composite is significantly lower than those observed either in cast commercial aluminum or cast Al-Mo alloy. The coefficient of friction of cast in-situ composite increases gradually with increasing normal load while those observed in cast commercial aluminum or cast Al-Mo alloy remain more or less the same. Beyond a critical normal load of about 30-35 N, the coefficient of friction decreases with increasing normal load in all the three materials.

Highly efficient CO2 electrolysis to CO on Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxide with in situ exsolved Fe nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junil Choi ◽  
Seongmin Park ◽  
Hyunsu Han ◽  
Minho Kim ◽  
Minseon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Cathode Catalyst ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Co2 Electrolysis

We prepared a highly active and stable cathode catalyst for a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), decorated with in situ exsolved Fe nanoparticles (NPs) socketed on La1.2Sr0.8Mn0.4Fe0.6O4-α (R.P.LSMF), toward CO2...

scholarly journals Process Optimization of Electrochemical Treatment of COD and Total Nitrogen Containing Wastewater

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Jiachao Yao ◽  
Yu Mei ◽  
Junhui Jiang ◽  
Guanghua Xia ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
No2 Reduction

In this work, an electrochemical method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN, including ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite) removal from wastewater using a divided electrolysis cell was developed, and its process optimization was investigated. This process could effectively relieve the common issue of NO3−/NO2− over-reduction or NH4+ over-oxidation by combining cathodic NO3−/NO2− reduction with anodic COD/NH4+ oxidation. The activity and selectivity performances toward pollutant removal of the electrode materials were investigated by electrochemical measurements and constant potential electrolysis, suggesting that Ti electrode exhibited the best NO3−/NO2− reduction and N2 production efficiencies. In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the in-situ electrochemical information of pollutants conversion on electrode surfaces and propose their reaction pathways. The effects of main operating parameters (i.e., initial pH value, Cl− concentration, and current density) on the removal efficiencies of COD and TN were studied. Under optimal conditions, COD and TN removal efficiencies from simulated wastewater reached 92.7% and 82.0%, respectively. Additionally, reaction kinetics were investigated to describe the COD and TN removal. Results indicated that COD removal followed pseudo-first-order model; meanwhile, TN removal followed zero-order kinetics with a presence of NH4+ and then followed pseudo-first-order kinetics when NH4+ was completely removed. For actual pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, 79.1% COD and 87.0% TN were removed after 120 min electrolysis; and no NH4+ or NO2− was detected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document