Efficient 3D Placement of Drone Base Stations with Frequency Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Le Xu ◽  
Yuliang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
Frequency Planning

900MHz Spectrum Refarming Analysis for UMTS900 Deployment

2014 ◽  
pp. 490-510
Author(s):  
Chitra Singh Budhathoki Magar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Frequency Planning ◽  
Application Service ◽  
3G Network ◽  
Planning Capacity

Refarming means re-arrangement of the traditionally allotted spectrum for a technology/application/service and carving out a part of the spectrum for technology/application/service with higher value. The refarming concept can be used for 3G network deployment in 2G bands or for 4G network deployment in 2G/3G bands. Relative to the UMTS core band (2100MHz), in the 900MHz band radio signal propagation loss is lower. Fewer base stations can be deployed in 900MHz band to achieve the same coverage. Especially in the rural areas, villages, etc., covering limited areas, the UMTS900 band coverage advantages are more obvious. The lower carrier frequency penetration capability becomes much stronger. It reduces the loss while penetrating the wall. This chapter aims to focus on the global UMTS900 refarming status, key advantages of UMTS900 refarming, major challenges of transitioning to UMTS900, technical feasibility of GSM/UMTS co-existence band, and UMTS900 frequency refarming case study in sandwich mode. ECC interference analysis and simulation results are provided for study on co-existence of GSM900 and UMTS900. In the later part of the chapter a detailed case study on 900MHz refarming on sandwich mode is provided with system simulation, frequency planning, capacity migration, and deployment strategy.

Relay Sharing and Soft Frequency Reuse Based Frequency Planning in OFDMA Cellular Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong Pan ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Si Hai Zhang ◽  
Wu Yang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Reuse ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
High Data ◽  
Frequency Planning ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Mobile Stations ◽  
Soft Frequency Reuse

This paper proposed a relay sharing and soft frequency reuse based (RSSFR) frequency planning scheme, which reaches high data rates while using the precious frequency resource efficiently, system performance is analysed and evaluated as well. System performance is enhanced in four aspects: 1) Co-channel interference is reduced significantly, which broadens the area of high achievable data rates in each cell. 2) Base stations (BSs) communicate with fixed relay stations through narrow beam antennas, which boosts the resource efficiency without bringing much interference to mobile stations (MSs). 3) The relay sharing strategy can not only bring down network cost, but also provide a better coverage to cell edge users. 4) Soft frequency reuse on shared relay increases the frequency resource efficiency further. Simulation results show that, a better tradeoff between cell throughput and frequency resource efficiency is achieved in RSSFR.

Prevalence of nuclear cataract in Swiss veal calves and its possible association with mobile telephone antenna base stations

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hässig ◽  
F. Jud ◽  
H. Naegeli ◽  
J. Kupper ◽  
M. B. Spiess
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Veal Calves

Developing GIS portal to ensure sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of transferring radio engineering objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
A. S. Afanasev ◽  
O. V. Slusareva ◽  
T. I. Muragimov ◽  
V. A. Stepanets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Automated Processes

In recent years, in the Russian Federation there has been an increase in the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in residential areas, including due to an increase in the number of base stations (BS). The purpose of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance at the stages of placement and commissioning of base stations (BS) is to prevent their adverse effects on public health. The increase in the number of base stations, together with the advent of new electronic equipment and antennas, provide opportunities for improving the processes of their accounting at the stage of placement and monitoring of the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at the operation stage. This automation tool can be a geo-information portal for providing sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of cellular base stations. The prototype of the geo-information portal allows both calculating the size of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) and building restriction zones (RZ) from the BS in online mode, displaying the results of calculations in graphical form and issuing sanitary and epidemiological conclusions for the placement and operation of base stations. The geo-information portal has the ability to synchronize with the data of the radio frequency center. Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing will be able to receive up-to-date analytical data. There will be completely automated processes of collecting, processing and storing information on BS.

Clustering for Interference Alignment with Cache-Enabled Base Stations under Limited Backhaul Links

2020 ◽  
Vol E103.B (7) ◽  
pp. 796-803
Author(s):  
Junyao RAN ◽  
Youhua FU ◽  
Hairong WANG ◽  
Chen LIU
Keyword(s):  
Interference Alignment ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Backhaul Links

DEVELOPMENT OF VALUATION METHOD OF THE STATUS OF BASE STATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE NEED OF THEIR UPGRADING

2017 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanovna Shaposhnikova ◽  
Alexander Aleksandrovich Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Theory Of Fuzzy Sets

The article consideres the problems of determining the need to modernize the base stations of the cellular network based on the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets. To improve the quality of telecommunications services the operators should send significant funding for upgrading the equipment of base stations. Modernization can improve and extend the functions of base stations to provide cellular communication, increase the reliability of the base station in operation and the functionality of its individual elements, and reduce the cost of maintenance and repair when working on a cellular network. The complexity in collecting information about the equipment condition is determined by a large number of factors that affect its operation, as well as the imperfection of obtaining and processing the information received. For a comprehensive assessment of the need for modernization, it is necessary to take into account a number of indicators. In the structure of indicators of the need for modernization, there were introduced the parameters reflecting both the degree of aging and obsolescence(the technical gap and the backlog in connection with the emergence of new technologies and standards). In the process of a problem solving, the basic stages of decision-making on modernization have been allocated. Decision-making on the need for modernization is based not only on measuring information that takes into account the decision-makers, but also on linguistic and verbal information. Therefore, to determine the need for upgrading the base stations, the theory of fuzzy sets is used, with the help of which experts can be attracted to this issue. They will be able to formulate additional fuzzy judgments that help to take into account not only measuring characteristics, but also poorly formalized fuzzy information. To do this, the main indicators of the modernization need have been defined, and fuzzy estimates of the need for modernization for all indicators and a set of indicators reflecting the need for upgrading the base stations have been formulated.

STRUCTURAL AND LOGISTIC MODEL OF MATERIAL FLOWS ON DIGITALLIVESTOCK FARM

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR V KIRSANOV VLADIMIR V ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Model ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Biotechnical System ◽  
Multi Agent

The problems of the digitalization of livestock enterprises are closely related to the construction of models and algorithms describing the functioning of individual technological processes and subsystems united by a common control system. Based on the cluster approach, three groups of tasks for the intellectualization and digitalization of objects in livestock breeding are formulated: 1) recognition of images of biological objects and models of their group and individual behavior, 2) genomic assessment of farm animals, prediction of their genetic potential, with the possibility of better adaptation to technologies and specifi c economic conditions, 3) multi-agent management of automated and robotic technical means. The authors initialized the video images of biological objects, developed a structural and functional model of a complex biotechnical system “Man-Machine-Animal”, including automated workstations of key specialists, signal receiving-and-transmitting base stations, technological modules for animal service (feeding, watering, milking, microclimate, etc.), representing local biotechnical systems. The paper presents a structural-and-logistic “funnel” model of a livestock farm functioning. The model includes vectors of incoming material fl ows, outgoing production fl ows and outgoing byproducts (production waste) described using appropriate formalizations. The authors provide the structural typifi cation of technological modules and subsystems for their mathematical analysis and subsequent digital transformation of livestock farms.

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