Radiative Properties of Atmospheric Black Carbon (Soot) Particles with Complex Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenlin He
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Carbon Soot

scholarly journals Study of Temporal Variations of Equivalent Black Carbon in a Coastal City in Northwest Spain Using an Atmospheric Aerosol Data Management Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
María Piñeiro-Iglesias ◽  
Javier Andrade-Garda ◽  
Sonia Suárez-Garaboa ◽  
Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo ◽  
Purificación López-Mahía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Diurnal Variability

Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (including black carbon (BC)) pose serious health issues and play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. Two-year measurements (2015–2016) of aerosol light absorption, combined with measurements of sub-micrometric particles, were continuously conducted in A Coruña (northwest (NW) Spain) to determine their light absorption properties: absorption coefficients (σabs) and the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). The mean and standard deviation of equivalent black carbon (eBC) during the period of study were 0.85 ± 0.83 µg m−3, which are lower than other values measured in urban areas of Spain and Europe. High eBC concentrations found in winter are associated with an increase in emissions from anthropogenic sources in combination with lower mixing layer heights and frequent stagnant conditions. The pronounced diurnal variability suggests a strong influence from local sources. AAE had an average value of 1.26 ± 0.22 which implies that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced optical aerosol properties. This also highlights biomass combustion in suburban areas, where the use of wood for domestic heating is encouraged, as an important source of eBC. All data treatment was gathered using SCALA© as atmospheric aerosol data management support software program.

scholarly journals Black-carbon-surface oxidation and organic composition of beech-wood soot aerosols

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 9573-9629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Corbin ◽  
U. Lohmann ◽  
B. Sierau ◽  
A. Keller ◽  
H. Burtscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Aging

Abstract. Soot particles are the most strongly light-absorbing particles commonly found in the atmosphere. They are major contributors to the radiative budget of the Earth and to the toxicity of atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric aging of soot may change its health- and climate-relevant properties by oxidizing the primary black carbon (BC) or organic particulate matter (OM) which, together with ash, comprise soot. This atmospheric aging, which entails the condensation of secondary particulate matter as well as the oxidation of the primary OM and BC emissions, is currently poorly understood. In this study, atmospheric aging of wood-stove soot aerosols was simulated in a continuous-flow reactor. The composition of fresh and aged soot particles was measured in real time by a dual-vaporizer aerosol-particle mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). The SP-AMS provided information on the OM, BC, and surface composition of the soot. The OM appeared to be generated largely by cellulose and/or hemicellulose pyrolysis, and was only present in large amounts when new wood was added to the stove. BC signals otherwise dominated the mass spectrum. These signals consisted of ions related to refractory BC (rBC, C+1−5), oxygenated surface groups (CO+1−2), potassium (K+) and water (H+2O and related fragments). The C+4 : C+3 ratio, but not the C+1 : C+3 ratio, was consistent with the BC-structure trends of Corbin et al. (2015c). The CO+1−2 signals likely originated from BC surface groups: upon aging, both CO+ and CO+2 increased relative to C+1−3 while CO+2 simultaneously increased relative to CO+. Factor analysis (PMF) of SP-AMS and AMS data, using a new error model to account for peak-integration uncertainties, indicated that the surface composition of the BC was approximately constant across all stages of combustion for both fresh and aged samples. These results represent the first time-resolved measurements of in-situ BC-surface aging and suggest that the surface of beech-wood BC may be modelled as a single chemical species.

Impact of Soot Radiative Properties, Pressure and Soot Volume Fraction on Radiative Heat Transfer in Turbulent Sooty Flames

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Torres Monclard ◽  
Olivier Gicquel ◽  
Ronan Vicquelin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Radiative Heat Transfer ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Turbulent Flames ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Jet Flame ◽  
Soot Particles

Abstract The effect of soot radiation modeling, pressure, and level of soot volume fraction are investigated in two ethylene-air turbulent flames: a jet flame at atmospheric pressure studied at Sandia, and a confined pressurized flame studied at DLR. Both cases have previously been computed with large-eddy simulations coupled with thermal radiation. The present study aims at determining and analyzing the thermal radiation field for different models from these numerical results. A Monte-Carlo solver based on the Emission Reciprocity Method is used to solve the radiative transfer equation with detailed gas and soot properties in both configurations. The participating gases properties are described by an accurate narrowband ck model. Emission, absorption, and scattering from soot particles are accounted for. Two formulations of the soot refractive index are considered: a constant value and a wavelength formulation dependency. This is combined with different models for soot radiative properties: gray, Rayleigh theory, Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory for fractal aggregates. The effects of soot radiative scattering is often neglected since their contribution is expected to be small. This contribution is determined quantitatively in different scenarios, showing great sensitivity to the soot particles morphology. For the same soot volume fraction, scattering from larger aggregates is found to modify the radiative heat transfer noticeably. Such a finding outlines the need for detailed information on soot particles. Finally, the role of soot volume fraction and pressure on radiative interactions between both solid and gaseous phases is investigated.

Black Carbon Soot: Impact on Human Health and Other Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij Kumar ◽  
Abhishek Negi ◽  
Rachana
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Soot

Relationship between black carbon and associated optical, physical and radiative properties of aerosols over two contrasting environments

2014 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Safai ◽  
P.C.S. Devara ◽  
M.P. Raju ◽  
K. Vijayakumar ◽  
P.S.P. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Radiative Properties

scholarly journals Response of black carbon and aerosol absorption measuring instruments to laboratory-generated soot coated with controlled amounts of secondary organic matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Kalbermatter ◽  
Griša Močnik ◽  
Luka Drinovec ◽  
Bradley Visser ◽  
Jannis Röhrbein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Aerosol Absorption

Abstract. We report on an inter-comparison of black carbon and aerosol absorption measuring instruments with laboratory-generated soot particles coated with controlled amounts of secondary organic matter (SOM). The aerosol generation setup consisted of a miniCAST 5201 Type BC burner for the generation of soot particles and a new automated oxidation flow reactor based on the micro smog chamber (MSC) for the generation of SOM from the ozonolysis of α-pinene. A series of test aerosols were generated with elemental to total carbon (EC/TC) mass fraction ranging from about 90 % down to 10 % and single scattering albedo (SSA) from almost 0 to about 0.7. A dual-spot aethalometer AE33, a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX, 870 nm), a multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP), a prototype photoacoustic instrument and two prototype photo-thermal interferometers (PTAAM-2λ and MSPTI) were exposed to the test aerosols in parallel. Significant deviations in the response of the instruments were observed depending on the amount of secondary organic coating. We believe that the setup and methodology described in this study can easily be standardized and provide a straightforward and reproducible procedure for the inter-comparison and characterisation of both filter-based and in situ BC-measuring instruments based on realistic test aerosols.

Anthropogenic Carbon Aerosol Induced Carbonation in Reinforced Concrete: Deterioration Effects on Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
O.E. Babalola ◽  
Paul O. Awoyera ◽  
D.H. Le ◽  
Oladimeji B. Olalusi ◽  
S.K. Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Carbonation Depth ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Carbon Soot ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon

The effects of corrosion on the reinforced concrete structure due to carbonation affect its operation life. The research work considers a major critical component causing global warming as it studies the links between reinforced concrete deterioration mechanisms and anthropogenic carbon aerosol (black carbon soot) emissions in the atmosphere. Experimental tests were carried out to study the effect of carbonation caused by the emission of black carbon soot on mechanical properties and durability of reinforced concrete. Mass concrete and reinforced concrete prepared with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in water/cement ratios ranging from 0.45 to 0.65 were used to produce concrete samples. Compressive strength tests, tensile strength test, and carbonation depth tests were carried out on concrete to determine its level of deterioration following the carbonation effect. The carbonation chamber was prepared with carbon soot of different concentrations to simulate different levels of black carbon soot in the atmosphere. Results showed that concrete compressive strength was not totally affected by carbonation, but there was reduction in the tensile strength of reinforcing steel. The carbonation depth was observed to progress deeper into the concrete with a longer duration of exposure to carbonation agents in the chamber. The result of this study will serve as a guide during concrete installations.

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