The Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Natural Outdoor Environment on the Strength of Tempered Glass Panel

2019 ◽  
pp. 997-1005
Author(s):  
Mustafasanie M. Yussof ◽  
Shau Hui Lim ◽  
Mohd Khairul Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Glass Panel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to Nature and Benefits for Students’ Cognitive Performance: a Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mason ◽  
Angelica Ronconi ◽  
Sara Scrimin ◽  
Francesca Pazzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
After School ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere is growing interest recently in the outdoor environment surrounding schools where students spent time during breaks, in-school activities, and after-school programs. Several reviews have examined the impact of long-term exposures to nearby nature on students’ academic achievement, but none has focused on the effects of short-term contacts with nature on students’ cognitive performance. The aim of this review is to understand the context in which short-term passive exposures to greenness occur, how cognitive performance is measured, and the conditions under which cognitive benefits emerge at various educational levels. We reviewed 14 studies in the extant literature that report investigations involving students at different educational levels, from elementary school to university, in a short exposure to nature lasting from 10 to 90 min during a study day. The review shows that in 12 out of the 14 studies, across educational levels, cognitive benefits emerge in terms of directed attention restoration from mental fatigue due to contact with nature. A no-cost opportunity to sustain students’ cognition is a break in a green environment after mentally demanding activities.

Indoor-outdoor relationship of SO2 concentrations in a rural and an urban community of Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren B Kindzierski ◽  
Scott Sembaluk
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Passive Monitoring ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Passive monitoring techniques were used to measure 7-day average concentrations of SO2 in indoor–outdoor air in two Alberta communities, Boyle (population 860) and Sherwood Park (population 42 000). Sampling occurred during a 5-week period in late fall, a time of year when SO2 is less reactive in the outdoor environment. Outdoor levels of SO2 at 12 homes in Boyle (median 4.3 µg/m3, range 3.7–5.6 µg/m3) were two times lower than those at 13 homes in Sherwood Park (median 9.9 µg/m3, range 8.2–13 µg/m3). Slightly higher indoor SO2 levels were measured in Sherwood Park homes (median 1.4 µg/m3, range 0.9–5.2 µg/m3) than in Boyle homes (median 0.5 µg/m3, range 0.2–2.3 µg/m3). These results are consistent with the characteristics of the two communities involved in this study. Sherwood Park has many more SO2-related emission sources than in Boyle (i.e., increased vehicle traffic and industrial emissions). Indoor and outdoor SO2 levels measured in both communities were [Formula: see text]13 µg/m3. These levels are considered low compared with benchmark levels intended for protection of people: 365 µg/m3 averaged over 24 h (short-term exposure) or 80 µg/m3 averaged over 1 year (long-term exposure). The median indoor–outdoor SO2 concentration ratio was 0.13 for both communities.Key words: air quality, indoor, outdoor, passive monitoring, sulphur dioxide.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Short-Term Exposure to an Indoor Environment and Dry Eye (DE) Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Idarraga ◽  
Juan S. Guerrero ◽  
Samantha G. Mosle ◽  
Frank Miralles ◽  
Anat Galor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Air composition influences Dry Eye (DE) symptoms as demonstrated by studies that have linked the outdoor environment to DE. However, there is insufficient data on the effect of short-term exposure to indoor environments on DE symptoms. We conducted a prospective experimental research, in which an older building served as an experimental site, and a newer building served as the control site. Indoor air quality was monitored in both buildings. One-hundred-and-ninety-four randomly selected individuals were interviewed in the afternoon exiting the buildings and de-identified responses were recorded. Self-reported DE symptoms were modeled with respect to experimental and control buildings, adjusting for potential confounders. The experimental site had 2-fold higher concentration of airborne particulate matter (24,436 vs. 12,213 ≥ 0.5 µm/ft3) and microbial colonies (1066 vs. 400/m3), as compared to the control building. DE symptoms were reported by 37.5% of individuals exiting the experimental and 28.4% exiting the control building. In the univariate analysis, subjects exiting the experimental building were 2.21× more likely to report worsening of DE symptoms since morning compared to the control building (p < 0.05). When adjusting for confounders, including a history of eye allergy, subjects from the experimental building were 13.3× more likely to report worsening of their DE symptoms (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to adverse indoor environmental conditions, specifically air pollution and bioaerosols, has an acutely negative impact on DE symptoms.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
◽  
Antonis Analitis ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Evangelia Samoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

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