Cold Region Hydrologic Models and Applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 763-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotaek Park ◽  
Yonas Dibike ◽  
Fengge Su ◽  
John Xiaogang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Region ◽  
Hydrologic Models

scholarly journals Integrated Hydrologic Modelling of Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions in Cold Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Jinhua Hu ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Ziyong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Hydrologic Processes

Groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interaction, as a key component in the cold region hydrologic cycle, is extremely sensitive to seasonal and climate change. Specifically, the dynamic change of snow cover and frozen soil bring additional challenges in observing and simulating hydrologic processes under GW-SW interactions in cold regions. Integrated hydrologic models are promising tools to simulate such complex processes and study the system behaviours as well as its responses to perturbations. The cold region integrated hydrologic models should be physically representative and fully considering the thermal-hydrologic processes under snow cover variations, freeze-thaw cycles in frozen soils and GW-SW interactions. Benchmarking and integration with scarce field observations are also critical in developing cold region integrated hydrologic models. This review summarizes the current status of hydrologic models suitable for cold environment, including distributed hydrologic models, cryo-hydrogeologic models, and fully-coupled cold region GW-SW models, with a specific focus on their concepts, numerical methods, benchmarking, and applications across scales. The current research can provide implications for cold region hydrologic model development and advance our understanding of altered environments in cold regions disturbed by climate change, such as permafrost degradation, early snow melt and water shortage.

Development and Cytogenetic Analysis of Perennial Wheat in Cold Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1378-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Bin ZHAO ◽  
Yan-Ming ZHANG ◽  
Chun-Long SHI ◽  
Xiao-Dan YAN ◽  
Chao TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Perennial Wheat

GROUNDWATER TIME SERIES

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK ERIKSSON
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Physical Point ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Fort Collins ◽  
Statistical Sense ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Prediction Problems

The term “stochastic hydrology” implies a statistical approach to hydrologic problems as opposed to classic hydrology which can be considered deterministic in its approach. During the International Hydrology Symposium, held 6-8 September 1967 at Fort Collins, a number of hydrology papers were presented consisting to a large extent of studies on long records of hydrological elements such as river run-off, these being treated as time series in the statistical sense. This approach is, no doubt, of importance for future work especially in relation to prediction problems, and there seems to be no fundamental difficulty for introducing the stochastic concepts into various hydrologic models. There is, however, some developmental work required – not to speak of educational in respect to hydrologists – before the full benefit of the technique is obtained. The present paper is to some extent an exercise in the statistical study of hydrological time series – far from complete – and to some extent an effort to interpret certain features of such time series from a physical point of view. The material used is 30 years of groundwater level observations in an esker south of Uppsala, the observations being discussed recently by Hallgren & Sands-borg (1968).

A large-scale shift of cropland structure profoundly affects grain production in the cold region of China

2021 ◽  
pp. 127300
Author(s):  
Tao Pan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Kuang ◽  
Geping Luo ◽  
Guoming Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Scale Shift

Outdoor thermal benchmarks and thermal safety for children: A study in China’s cold region

2021 ◽  
pp. 147603
Author(s):  
Boze Huang ◽  
Bo Hong ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Tingting Yuan ◽  
Meifang Su
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Cold Region

Airborne Algal growth on roofs of membrane-structured residences in cold area of Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912098003
Author(s):  
Makiko Nakajima ◽  
Daisuke Masueda ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi ◽  
Takayuki Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Transparent Film ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Algal Population ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
Survey Results

The discoloration of building facades due to airborne algae is observed in our surroundings. The growth conditions of these algae are not yet fully understood, and efficient measures for preventing the growth of the algae are not presently available. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the ambient environment and building structure on algal growth. A residential building in a cold region of Japan was surveyed. The roof was a multi-layered structure comprising a semi-transparent film, an air layer, and a layer of insulation from the outside, supported by rafters. The soiled state was visually observed by taking photographs. On the northeast (NE) and northwest (NW) roofs, several black stripes appeared 4 months after cleaning. The soiling increased in the spring and autumn. The soiling first appeared on the film backed by the rafter and then extended to the film backed by the air layer. The condensation time during the day in the rafter part was longer than that in the air-layer part. Condensation occurred during the night, but its frequency exhibited no dependence on the orientation of the roof. Algae tend to die when exposed to an environment with a temperature higher than 45°C. The NE roof had the shortest period with a surface temperature of >45°C. These measurements agreed well with the survey results, which indicated that the soiling mainly occurred on the NE and NW sides of the roofs. The time for algal growth was estimated under the assumption that algae can grow at surface temperatures ranging from 0 to 45°C, in agreement with the observed soiling. The observed soiling changes were well explained by the algal population calculated via a growth predictive model according to the algal temperature and relative humidity.

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