Airborne Algal growth on roofs of membrane-structured residences in cold area of Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 174425912098003
Author(s):  
Makiko Nakajima ◽  
Daisuke Masueda ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi ◽  
Takayuki Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Transparent Film ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Algal Population ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
Survey Results

The discoloration of building facades due to airborne algae is observed in our surroundings. The growth conditions of these algae are not yet fully understood, and efficient measures for preventing the growth of the algae are not presently available. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the ambient environment and building structure on algal growth. A residential building in a cold region of Japan was surveyed. The roof was a multi-layered structure comprising a semi-transparent film, an air layer, and a layer of insulation from the outside, supported by rafters. The soiled state was visually observed by taking photographs. On the northeast (NE) and northwest (NW) roofs, several black stripes appeared 4 months after cleaning. The soiling increased in the spring and autumn. The soiling first appeared on the film backed by the rafter and then extended to the film backed by the air layer. The condensation time during the day in the rafter part was longer than that in the air-layer part. Condensation occurred during the night, but its frequency exhibited no dependence on the orientation of the roof. Algae tend to die when exposed to an environment with a temperature higher than 45°C. The NE roof had the shortest period with a surface temperature of >45°C. These measurements agreed well with the survey results, which indicated that the soiling mainly occurred on the NE and NW sides of the roofs. The time for algal growth was estimated under the assumption that algae can grow at surface temperatures ranging from 0 to 45°C, in agreement with the observed soiling. The observed soiling changes were well explained by the algal population calculated via a growth predictive model according to the algal temperature and relative humidity.

Research and Design of the Residential Space in the Cold Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1702-1705
Author(s):  
Jing Tang
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
Research And Design

This paper attempts to put forward new ideas for the design of residential building in severe cold region by discussing the different life style in Harbin, finds a suitable design method and scheme for the residential building design in the cold area. The residents in the cold region have a unique life style because of the unique features of climate. So when they design the buildings, the designers and architects should take into consideration of the local people’s way of life, and create the unique buildings suitable for the cold area.

The Clogging of Sewage Lagoon Aerators

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 669-676
Author(s):  
E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Large Bubble ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Pull System ◽  
Fine Bubble

The Lagoon method of waste water treatment was introduced into Canada in the mid 1950's. At present, of the 2019 waste water treatment systems in Canada, 1163 are Lagoon systems and 265 of these include aeration equipment. Continuing difficulties associated with the plugging of the aerators have led to a study of this maintenance problem. Physical factors have been identified as the major cause of the plugging of large bubble aerators; whereas chemical solution and deposition under high algal growth conditions have been set forward as the causes of fine bubble aerator plugging. Selected field investigation data collected indicate that the proposed push-pull system of precipitation of calcium carbonate and silica dioxide may in fact be responsible for the plugging of fine bubble aerators with these materials.

Study on German Navy's Second Battalion Headquarters Building Site in Qingdao

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3074-3077
Author(s):  
Shao Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
German Romanticism ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Building Plane

The paper presented the research on for German Navy's second battalion headquarters building site from the perspectives of building site, building plane, building facades and building structure. building site conformed to terrain, Shapes of building facades were flexible and varied, the overall architectural construction was brick-stone-wood composite structure.The building style was the typical of German Romanticism, both in layout or in the facade shape, color, structure, etc.; it had shown the lively romantic chic, eclectic architectural style.

scholarly journals MultiDefectNet: Multi-Class Defect Detection of Building Façade Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9785
Author(s):  
Kisu Lee ◽  
Goopyo Hong ◽  
Lee Sael ◽  
Sanghyo Lee ◽  
Ha Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Building Facades

Defects in residential building façades affect the structural integrity of buildings and degrade external appearances. Defects in a building façade are typically managed using manpower during maintenance. This approach is time-consuming, yields subjective results, and can lead to accidents or casualties. To address this, we propose a building façade monitoring system that utilizes an object detection method based on deep learning to efficiently manage defects by minimizing the involvement of manpower. The dataset used for training a deep-learning-based network contains actual residential building façade images. Various building designs in these raw images make it difficult to detect defects because of their various types and complex backgrounds. We employed the faster regions with convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) structure for more accurate defect detection in such environments, achieving an average precision (intersection over union (IoU) = 0.5) of 62.7% for all types of trained defects. As it is difficult to detect defects in a training environment, it is necessary to improve the performance of the network. However, the object detection network employed in this study yields an excellent performance in complex real-world images, indicating the possibility of developing a system that would detect defects in more types of building façades.

scholarly journals Preparation of SBS Modified Emulsified Asphalt in High Cold Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
HOU Yanming
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
Asphalt Modification ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
Emulsified Asphalt ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt ◽  
Temperature Time

A kind of SBS modified emulsified asphalt for highly cold area was studied by experiments. The research includes two aspects: the first is preparation of SBS modified asphalt. The influence of temperature, time, shear rate and development time on asphalt modification are determined, so as to determine the process of SBS modified asphalt. On this basis, the blending ratio of SBS modified emulsified asphalt was determined by experiments. The results show that the emulsified asphalt produced by the equipment is of good quality and good ductility.4%SBS latex content can make emulsified asphalt meet the standard requirements, but only 6%SBS latex content can obtain better road performance. Although the softening point of SBS modified emulsified asphalt prepared by this method is still low, it can meet the requirements of high cold area.

A Research on Ecological Design Strategy of Urban Open Space in Northwest Cold Area in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Bi ◽  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
Arid Condition

This article is focused on the issues of plazas in Northwestern China. Firstly, it analyzes a series of ecological problems of urban open space in the cold region. Therefore, it proposes an appropriate strategy for urban open spaces at the base of bio-climatic under the cold and arid condition. Finally, taking Baiyin Jingyu Healthy Square as an example, the paper proposes a specific design method based on the bio-climatic conditions.

Research on Applied of CBF Composite Material in Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Sheng Ji Jin ◽  
Zi Xin Liu ◽  
Zhong Liang Li ◽  
Yan Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
Application Characteristics

Based on the consequences of abundant relevant literatures, this essay expounded the latest mechanical properties research results of the concrete reinforced with CBF and its application on building structure reinforcement studied by the domestic and foreign scholars. Research suggests that the new composite material of concrete reinforced with CBF has many excellent engineering application characteristics such as good crack resistance, durability, permeability resistance, high temperature resistance and fire retardancy. CBF is a kind of good reinforcement materials with so many advantages including simple construction, favorable reinforcement effect and low cost. We can infer that CBF can be widely used in underground engineering port, deep-water wharf, cross-sea bridges and tunnels, cold region and other fields based on the good mechanical properties and durability of the concrete reinforced with CBF in the future.

scholarly journals Ventilated cladding systems: structural and drainability performance criteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Batista da Silva ◽  
Ercio Thomaz ◽  
Luciana Alves de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Building Facades

Abstract Cladding systems have significant effect on the performance and durability of building façades, contributing to the building watertightness, property valuation, aesthetic finishing, and decoration. Non-adherent cladding, also named rainscreen cladding or ventilated cladding, is currently used in residential and commercial buildings, new constructions, or retrofit operations, and it is considered an efficient measure to improve the moisture safety of building envelopes. Therefore, the absence of Brazilian normalization to ventilated cladding systems is one of the difficulties limiting its increased local application. In Brazil, a technical standard, NBR 15575, parts 1-6, (2013), establish the general performance requirements and test methods to evaluate residential building systems including structure, wall, floor, coverage, and hydraulic installation. However, this standard cannot be integrally applied to the cladding systems because it was developed considering the vertical wall system as a whole. In this study, we propose the criteria and test methods for assessing ventilated cladding systems while taking into account the structural safety (wind loads resistance, hard and soft impact resistance) and drainability requirements. The following activities are performed: literature review, practical case study, and tests on prototypes for validation of the proposal. The tests allow verification of the feasibility of the criteria and tests methods proposed. In addition, the proposal makes it possible to guide design, construction, and maintenance needs, thereby inducing the growth of this technology in Brazil.

Research of Low-Energy Consumption Technology about Residential Buildings in Inner Mongolia Cold Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Guo Hui Jin ◽  
Huai Zhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Cold Area

In this paper, combined with the climate characteristics of cold area of Inner Mongolia unique and abundant solar energy resources, In view of the residential building envelope system for low energy technology research, Finally it is concluded that is suitable for cold area of Inner Mongolia of low-energy consumption technology, Hope can be in Inner Mongolia cold area residential building energy efficiency design to provide the reference value.

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