scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Zvezda Vankova ◽  
Dragomir Kolev Draganov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits

Abstract This chapter aims to discuss the link between migration and welfare in Bulgaria. Firstly, it presents the main characteristics of the Bulgarian welfare system and discusses access to social benefits for resident and non-resident nationals, and resident non-nationals. Secondly, it examines Bulgaria’s migration history and key migration policy developments. Finally, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of access to social benefits of these different groups across five policy areas – unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources – and the links to Bulgaria’s migration policy.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Romas Lazutka ◽  
Jekaterina Navicke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits

Abstract This chapter aims to discuss the link between migration and welfare in Lithuania. We start with presentation of the main characteristics of the Lithuanian welfare system emphasizing the access to social benefits for resident nationals, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. Later we examine key developments of population migration to and from Lithuania. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of five social policy schemes - unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources – from the perspective of access to social benefits of these different groups.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Ireland

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Mel Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter focuses on the link between migration and social protection in Ireland. The chapter has two main goals. First, it presents the general legal framework regulating the social protection system in Ireland, paying particular attention to any potential differences in terms of conditions of access to social benefits between national residents, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. Secondly, the chapter discusses how these different groups of individuals access social benefits across five policy areas: unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relationship between migration and social protection policy.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Aysan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Family Allowances

AbstractThis chapter scrutinises the social protection system in contemporary Turkey in order to examine how different groups of individuals access social benefits across five main policy areas—unemployment, health care, family allowances, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. The general conditions under which Turkish citizens and foreigners have access to social benefits in Turkey can be summarized as follows: (i) residence and employment status are important determinants of one’s access to social protection in Turkey; (ii) employment status generally determines the access to unemployment benefits, health care, pensions, and family benefits, while residence status is important for all social policy areas except pensions; (iii) a majority of social benefits provided for Turkish citizens are also available for foreign residents through their employment status; (iv) guaranteed income is granted based on residence in Turkey; (v) access to family benefits may vary depending on one’s occupation, residence, and nationality. The Turkish system of social protection is a fragmented one, with divisions based on occupational differences, residence, income level, and citizenship. This fragmented nature coupled with regional and global socio-economic risks (particularly large migration flows) make structural social security reforms inevitable in contemporary Turkey.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
William Chiaromonte
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The One

Abstract This chapter presents the main characteristics of the Italian social security system, on the one hand, and Italian migration history and key policy developments, on the other hand, in order to analyze the principal eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits (unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources) for national residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Senegalese Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Etienne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
External Voting ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis chapter presents the main areas of engagement of the state of Senegal with its diaspora. In the first part, it looks at the main institutions and policies geared towards the diaspora. In the second part, the chapter focuses specifically on diaspora policies in the area of social protection (unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, guaranteed minimum resources). If Senegal falls in the category of pioneer countries for some aspects of emigration policies (ministerial institutions, external voting, political representation), its policy for the diaspora in the field of social protection is rather scanty. As a developing country facing many structural economic issues, scaling up social protection in the homeland remains the top priority for the Government, relegating social protection for the diaspora as a secondary policy concern for now. Recent governmental policies towards the diaspora have focused primarily on tapping the resources of the diaspora in order to increase its contribution to economic development and facilitate productive investment by Senegalese abroad in their home country.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Daria Popova
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Social Security Benefits

AbstractThis chapter discusses the general legal framework regulating Russia’s welfare system and access for national citizens, foreigners residing in the country, and national citizens residing abroad to social benefits in five policy areas: unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. Our analysis shows that the eligibility of Russian nationals for social benefits depends either on their employment status and contribution record (for pensions and other social insurance benefits), or their residence status (for social assistance and healthcare). The overall level of social protection of citizens residing in different parts of the country may differ substantially due to the decentralized structure of the social protection system in Russia. The rights of foreign residents to social security benefits are essentially the same as those of the nationals, as long as they are legally employed and make social security contributions. However, there are two major exceptions: pensions and unemployment benefits. Social assistance benefits provided at the regional level are typically available to all legal residents, foreigners included, with few exceptions. When deciding to permanently move abroad, Russian citizens lose their entitlement to claim social benefits from Russia, apart from acquired contributory public pensions.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Romania

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Irina Burlacu ◽  
Sorina Soare ◽  
Daniela Vintila
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Social Provisions

Abstract This chapter examines to what extent the Romanian welfare system covers resident citizens compared to foreigners residing in Romania and Romanians living abroad. In doing so, we analyse existing social policies aiming to ensure their coverage against a variety of risks at different life-cycle stages, including unemployment, poverty, sickness and old-age. The main conclusion is that the Romanian welfare state is open to all residents, regardless of their nationality, thus providing everyone equal grounds for accessing social benefits. The criterion of residence on the Romanian soil is, however, prevalent. This implies that relatively few social provisions are extended for non-resident Romanians, which represent an increasingly sizeable community given the intensity of migration outflows in recent years. Furthermore, the Romanian social protection system has had relatively little impact on reducing the risk of poverty and income inequality in the country, despite regular amendments during the last years.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Belgium

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

Abstract Access to social benefits in Belgium is not conditional upon nationality but rather on periods of insurance to the Belgian social security system. Despite the lack of nationality conditions, a number of social benefits are made conditional upon residence of the beneficiary in Belgium. Consequently, even though the Belgian social security system appears, at first sight, as neutral regarding the migration trajectory of its beneficiaries, it might be more difficult for migrants to access, retain and export social security benefits from Belgium when compared to resident nationals. This chapter thus compares the conditions of access to social benefits for nationals and non-nationals residing in Belgium, as well as Belgian citizens residing abroad. It aims to analyse whether migration decisions impact access to and retention of social security benefits. More particularly, the analysis focuses on access to unemployment benefits, healthcare, old-age pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum income. Finally, this chapter also questions whether access to social benefits might have a consequence for the residence status of non-nationals in Belgium.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Argentina

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Verónica Carmona Barrenechea ◽  
Giuseppe M. Messina ◽  
Mora Straschnoy
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Migratory Status ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Security Benefits

AbstractThis chapter discusses the level and quality of social protection granted to legally residing migrant workers in Argentina and national citizens residing abroad in five main policy areas: unemployment, health, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources. After an overview of recent evolutions in Argentina’s Social Security and migration policy, we analyze each policy area in order to identify the necessary eligibility requirements for accessing social benefits or services. Our findings show that, in general, the contributory logic prevails over nationality for Social Security benefits. In the case of non-contributory programs, we observe a regime that is generally less generous in quantitative and qualitative terms, and even more restricted for migrants. Despite this, Argentina’s immigration policy is relatively open, especially for migrants from the region, while certain fundamental rights (such as health and education) are guaranteed to all migrants (regardless of their migratory status).

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Bulgarian Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Zvezda Vankova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Diaspora Policy

Abstract This chapter demonstrates that the Bulgarian diaspora policy is characterized by inconsistent implementation and dissonant institutional context. It is intertwined with the country’s migration policy which is focused, among other priorities, on attracting historic kin communities and Bulgarian emigrants, in order to overcome its demographic decline. Against this backdrop, the country lacks overall social protection policies towards Bulgarians abroad and prioritizes providing information rather than financial support. Firstly, the chapter presents the general institutional framework by which home country authorities interact with nationals abroad, as well as the main engagement policies with this population outside of the area of social protection. Secondly, the chapter focuses on the policies, programmes and services offered by home country authorities in response to social protection needs of Bulgarian nationals abroad across five specific policy areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits and economic hardship.

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