scholarly journals Language, Cognition, and Script Effects

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Hye K. Pae
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
Language Bias ◽  
Early View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter begins with the discussions of what language is and the relationship between spoken language and written language, along with the early view of language-is-speech in linguistics as well as a written-language bias. A series of questions are posed and answered, covering whether we think differently according to the language we speak, whether language affects thinking or thinking affects language, and what the impact of literacy is. These questions are closely related to the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Based on empirical evidence for linguistic relativity, script relativity is proposed as an extension. Fundamental challenges in research into both linguistic relativity and script relativity are identified. The chapter ends with the introduction to this book, including the scope of the volume, terminology used throughout the book, and intended audiences.

The Impact of the Korean Wave on South Korea–Taiwan Relations

Asian Survey ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-240
Author(s):  
Sung Deuk Hahm ◽  
Sooho Song
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Korean Wave ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Ever since the concept of soft power was introduced, there has been debate about what it is and how it works. We join the debate by studying how the success of Korean cultural products in Taiwan has improved the relationship between South Korea and Taiwan. The two countries normalized their relationship in 1948 and maintained cooperation until the severance of formal ties in 1992 because of South Korea’s rapprochement with China. Beginning in early 2000, however, South Korea’s cultural products have enjoyed great success in Taiwan. Since that time, the relationship between the two countries has significantly improved, including trade and tourism expansion, increased Taiwanese direct investment in South Korea, and policy changes by Taiwan’s government. These changes provide empirical evidence of soft power.

Voters reward hard-working MPs: empirical evidence from the French legislative elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel François ◽  
Julien Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political System ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legislative Election

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between incumbent MPs’ activities and their electoral fortune. We address this question in the context of the French political system characterized by an executive domination, a candidate-centered electoral system, and an electoral schedule maximizing the impact of the presidential elections. Given the contradictory influence of these three institutional features on the relationship between MPs’ activities and electoral results, the overall link can only be assessed empirically. We test the effects of several measurements of MPs’ activities on both their vote share and reelection probability in the 2007 legislative election. We show that MPs’ activities are differently correlated to both the incumbents’ vote shares in the first round and their reelection. Despite the weakness of the French National Assembly, several parliamentary activities, especially bill initiation, have a significant effect on MPs’ electoral prospects.

The impact of corporate environmental responsibility strategy on brand sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Long ◽  
Jing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Corporate Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThough enormous research studies were conducted on corporate environmental responsibility (CER), few of them could empirically justify how CER helps to improve firm’s competitive advantage and firms are still hesitant to incorporate CER with their business strategy at present. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how the CER strategy could help the firm to gain competitive advantage in Chinese context, particularly in terms of achieving brand sustainability (BS).Design/methodology/approachIn this study, 310 listed companies in China were chosen as research sample. First, the CER strategies were classified into developing eco-friendly products, adopting EMAS or other eco-management, enhancing the impact of CER through value chain and charitable CER. Second, BS is constructed as two dimensions, i.e. resource-acquisition and consumer impact. Accordingly, this paper analyzed the relationship between CER and BS with regression model analysis, taking account of several moderating and control variables.FindingsThe results indicate that CER strategies have positive effect on BS. Among all CER strategies, developing eco-friendly products and charitable CER undertakings are the most effective ones to promote BS performance. Also, the paper found that the length of time in adopting CER strategy moderates the effect of CER on BS. The empirical evidence proves that CER strategies could enhance the brand value in terms of BS and help the company to gain competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, most of our samples are of the state-owned enterprises, so our assumption might not be applicable to other types of business. Second, corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication is an important factor in the relation between CSR and corporate performance, but it is not taken into account in this study. Third, the difference in industries and ownership in this research is out of concern.Practical implicationsAs this paper has provided empirical evidence to reveal the effectiveness of different CER strategies, firms in China could be more motivated to undertake CER not only for the sake of environment but also for their brand value and competitive advantage. More importantly, this paper could be a valuable reference for the firms in China to choose suitable and effective CER strategies, as proved in this study, to gain competitive advantage in the market.Originality/valueAt first, while public environmental awareness has improved gradually, we introduce the BS concept to explain how the CER strategies affect CCA. This approach gives us another perspective to highlight the relationship between these two constructs. Second, we conducted our research from practical perspective to explore how to apply the CER undertakings as the company’s strategy. Third, we conducted our empirical research in Chinese context, which will enrich the theoretical CER and CSR literature.

Antonym adjective pairs and prosodic iconicity: evidence from letter replications in an English blogger corpus

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Fuchs ◽  
Egor Savin ◽  
Stephanie Solt ◽  
Cornelia Ebert ◽  
Manfred Krifka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Gradable Adjectives ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Temporal Extent

AbstractWhile the general assumption has long been that natural languages exhibit an arbitrary pairing of form and meaning, there is increasing empirical evidence that iconicity in language is not uncommon. One example from spoken language involves iconic prosodic modulation, i.e. the changing of prosodic features such as duration and fundamental frequency to express meanings such as size and speed. In this paper, we use data from an English social media corpus, with 140 million words written by 19,320 bloggers, to investigate a counterpart to iconic prosodic modulation in written language, namely letter replications (e.g. loooong). We examine pairs of gradable adjectives such as short/long, tiny/huge and fast/slow, finding a higher frequency of letter replications for adjectives associated with greater size or spatial/temporal extent. We did not find an iconic effect on the number of replicated letters. Our results show evidence for iconic prosody in written language, and further demonstrate that social media databases offer an excellent opportunity to investigate naturalistic written language.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Expenditure on Economic Growth: A Review of International Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Sheilla Nyasha ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Research background: Although a number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth, it is difficult to tell with certainty whether or not an increase in public expenditure is good for economic growth. This lack of consensus on the results of the previous empirical findings makes this study of paramount importance as we take stock of the available empirical evidence from the 1980s to date. Purpose: In this paper, theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth has been reviewed in detail. Focus was placed on the review of literature that assessed the impact of government spending on economic growth. Research Methodology: This study grouped studies on the impact of public expenditure on economic growth based on their results. Three groups emerged – positive impact, negative impact and no impact. This was followed by a review of each relevant study and an evaluation of which outcome was more prevalent among the existing studies on the subject. Results: The literature reviewed has shown that the impact of government spending on economic growth is not clear cut. It varies from positive to negative; with some studies even finding no impact. Although the impact of government spending on economic growth was found to be inconclusive, the scale tilts towards a positive impact. Novelty: The study provides an insight into the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth based on a comprehensive review of previous empirical evidence across various countries since the 1980s.

scholarly journals Do financial constraints impact the technical efficiency of agricultural cooperatives? evidence from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Vanessa Schaefer ◽  
João Paulo Augusto Eça ◽  
Marcelo Botelho da Costa Moraes ◽  
Amaury José Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Financial Constraint ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Agricultural cooperatives have the main goals of meeting the economic, social and cultural needs of their members. Although they do not seek profits, they must be competitive since they compete with other cooperatives and companies in the market. In this sense, the search for technical efficiency to give cooperatives a better market position contrasts with the difficulty these organizations face in obtaining foreign capital to enable greater investments. There is little empirical evidence, however, of the relationship between financial constraints and technical efficiency in these organizations. According to theoretical assumptions, this relationship could be positive or negative. Thus, this paper analyzes the impact of financial constraints on the technical efficiency of Brazilian agricultural cooperatives. For this, we used two metrics to measure financial constraint and analyzed panel data on 68 Brazilian agricultural cooperatives for the 2005-2014 period. Despite the theoretical predictions, our main results suggest there is no evidence that financial constraints affect technical efficiency. This result can be explained by the characteristics attributed to Brazilian cooperatives, that is, the fact they deal with different commodities (multi-purpose) and do not have strong demand for investments (technology). This paper contributes to the literature both by providing new empirical evidence regarding the relationship between technical efficiency and financial constraints and by introducing a new metric for analyzing financial constraint in the context of cooperatives.

The Effect of Medium and Interaction

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Kukulska-Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indirect Reference

• Why are electronic texts suspect? • Can you tear out a page on a screen? • How does chopping up sentences make them coherent? • When do actions speak louder than words? • How can we use questions to map out knowledge needs? . . . We begin this chapter by looking at what is to be gained from understanding the relationship between written and spoken language. The consequences of putting words on the screen are explored, in terms of changes in the meaning of terms, pronunciation, and the effect of spatial proximity on meanings. We then move on to consider aspects of verbal interaction, such as politeness and fluency, and conclude with an overview of users’ knowledge needs identified by analyzing their language. Written texts all have to be related somehow, directly or indirectly, to the world of sound, the natural habitat of language, to yield their meanings. The world of sound as “the natural habitat of language.” Historically, and in an individual’s development, speech comes before writing. For a small child, language is all speech. This is obviously not so for older children and adults, and for some, language is nearly all reading and writing. Still, for most people, language is strongly associated with sound, in a concrete way through hearing and producing language as well as through mental association. In a situation where computers are used, spoken and written language are both present in some way (not necessarily at the same time), not least of all because it is most unusual for someone to use an application without ever speaking about its use! In general, indirect reference from written language to sound through a reader’s prior experience of spoken language or through a special notation is acceptable in many different circumstances, such as in books and newspapers. The question is, What, if anything, do we lose when real sound is missing? Physical demands on the reader (user) are now focused on visual processing.

PENGARUH PELAYANAN PAJAK, PERSEPSI SISTEM PERPAJAKAN, PENGETAHUAN PAJAK, DAN KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Waluyo .
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
System Knowledge

This research aims to analyze the impact of tax apparatus service, perception of effective tax system, knowledge of tax, and awareness of individual taxpayers on tax compliance, as well as to obtain empirical evidence on research conducted either empirically or simultaneously. The research method used is a causal study. Causal study means that the researchers wanted to examine the relationship between independent variables with dependent variable.The populations of research was all individual taxpayers registered in the tax office (KPP). The sample of population used is an individual taxpayer who enrolled in tax office Tigaraksa especially around in Kelapa Dua subdistrict at period 2012. Sample was used 102 respondence. These results indicate that variable tax apparatus service have effect on individual taxpayer compliance, variable perception of effective tax system didn’t have effect on individual taxpayer compliance, knowledge of tax have effect on individual taxpayer compliance, and awareness of individual taxpayers have effect on individual taxpayer compliance. Variable tax apparatus service, perception of effective tax system, knowledge of tax, and awareness of individual taxpayers have simultaneously on tax compliance.Keywords: tax service, perception of effective tax system, knowledge of tax, awareness of individual tax payers and tax compliance.  

How do writing systems shape reading and reading acquisition?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Rastle
Keyword(s):  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Skilled Reading ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Reading System ◽  
The Relationship

Writing is a relatively recent cultural invention, and reading is a skill that requires years of instruction, dedication, and practice. My talk will consider how the nature of a writing system influences reading acquisition and skilled reading. I consider the nature of statistical regularities that characterize English orthography and show across several experiments that knowledge encoded in the skilled reading system mirrors these regularities. This analysis reveals that weaknesses in the relationship between spelling and sound give rise to powerful regularities between spelling and meaning that are critical for text comprehension. I conclude by thinking about how written language differs from spoken language and argue that these differences may be at the heart of human capacity for rapid, skilled reading.

scholarly journals The Impact of Knowledge Sharing on the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction: the Perception of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) Practitioners in Hong Kong

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canon Tong ◽  
Walder Ip Wah Tak ◽  
Anthony Wong
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction of ICT industry in Hong Kong so that appropriate strategies can be put in place by relevant decision-makers to enhance corporate performance. Design/Methodology/Approach - The research includes items of culture dimension, knowledge sharing dimension, job satisfaction dimension and demographic information. Data collected from 228 valid respondents by an internet-based self-administrative anonymous questionnaire survey were analyzed by factor analysis and multiple regressions; validity, reliability and the mediating effect of knowledge sharing were also tested. Findings - Research findings revealed that organizational culture significantly influences knowledge sharing and job satisfaction and that knowledge sharing plays an important mediating role between organizational culture and job satisfaction. Practical Implications - The insightful results provide empirical evidence as potential guidance to employers of ICT industries and management to establish appropriate strategies to retain valuable staff and improve the efficiency of their human resources including incentive and reward policies. Originality/Value - This research studied the relationships between organizational culture, knowledge sharing and job satisfaction in Hong Kong context since most of the previous studies has focused on western countries. It is unique in that it investigated the mediating effects of knowledge sharing on job satisfaction of ICT practitioners in Hong Kong. The results of this research provide empirical evidence to guide employers and managers towards a collaborative and beneficial organizational culture, enhancement of knowledge sharing practices, and sustainable human resource strategies.   Keywords Organizational Culture, Knowledge Sharing, Job Satisfaction, China insurance Industry, Foreign Fund, Challenge

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