Non-native Species Introductions, Invasions, and Biotic Homogenization in the Atlantic Forest

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture and recovery of degraded areas has been shown as a promising alternative for its final destination. Studies on micronutrient levels after sludge application are necessary to avoid soil contamination at toxic levels. The objective of this work was to verify the micronutrient contents in the soil profile and pH, up to one-meter-deep, nine years after the application of sewage sludge and planting of native species of the Atlantic Forest. The experiment was implemented in a degraded Quartzeneic Neosol and conducted in randomized blocks with four replicates and eight treatments, consisting of six doses of sewage sludge (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1, with supplementation of potassium due to low concentration in the residue), besides the control treatment, mineral fertilization and only potassium supplementation. After nine years, the contents of all micronutrients evaluated presented a significant response to the application of the treatments, and the application of sewage sludge provided an increase in their contents. Soil pH remained stable at sites receiving mineral fertilization and potassium supplementation. Only manganese and zinc showed mobility in the soil profile. The application of sewage sludge in degraded soil increases the micronutrient content and decreases its movement in the soil profile, and the application of the maximum dose of the residue does not provide toxic levels of these elements in the soil in the long term.

Download Full-text

Ticks infesting birds in Atlantic Forest fragments in Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612013000100003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gustavo Seron Sanches ◽

Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽

Ileyne Tenório Lopes ◽

Luís Flávio da Silva Costa ◽

Pablo Henrique Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Tick Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

São Paulo ◽

Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽

New Host ◽

New Host Records

In the present study, we report tick infestations on wild birds in plots of the Atlantic Forest reforested fragments with native species and plots reforested with Eucalyptus tereticornis in the municipality of Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 256 birds were captured: 137 individuals of 33 species, in planted native forest; and 128 individuals of 37 species, in planted Eucalyptus tereticornis forest. Nymphs of two tick species were found on the birds: Amblyomma calcaratumand Amblyomma longirostre, the former was more abundant in the fragments reforested with Atlantic forest native species, and the latter in the fragment reforested with E. tereticornis. New host records were presented for A. calcaratum.

Download Full-text

Wood species identification from Atlantic forest by near infrared spectroscopy

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2019283-14558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. e015

Author(s):

José-Henrique Camargo Pace ◽

João-Vicente De Figueiredo Latorraca ◽

Paulo-Ricardo Gherardi Hein ◽

Alexandre Monteiro de Carvalho ◽

Jonnys Paz Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Partial Least Squares ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Wood Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Partial Least Squares Regression ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Planted Forests ◽

Good Ability

Aim of study: Fast and reliable wood identification solutions are needed to combat the illegal trade in native woods. In this study, multivariate analysis was applied in near-infrared (NIR) spectra to identify wood of the Atlantic Forest species.Area of study: Planted forests located in the Vale Natural Reserve in the county of Sooretama (19 ° 01'09 "S 40 ° 05'51" W), Espírito Santo, Brazil.Material and methods: Three trees of 12 native species from homogeneous plantations. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression by discriminant function (PLS-DA) were performed on the woods spectral signatures.Main results: The PCA scores allowed to agroup some wood species from their spectra. The percentage of correct classifications generated by the PLS-DA model was 93.2%. In the independent validation, the PLS-DA model correctly classified 91.3% of the samples.Research highlights: The PLS-DA models were adequate to classify and identify the twelve native wood species based on the respective NIR spectra, showing good ability to classify independent native wood samples.Keywords: native woods; NIR spectra; principal components; partial least squares regression.

Download Full-text

Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade

10.26686/wgtn.17144339 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kirill Woodhouse

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Native Species ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Aquarium Trade ◽

Species Introduction ◽

Molecular Barcoding ◽

Species Introductions ◽

Foreign Land ◽

Negative Impacts

<p>Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem. Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters. </p>

Download Full-text

AVALIAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS PRODUZIDAS NOS VIVEIROS FLORESTAIS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v44i3.31910 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jorge Makhlouta Alonso ◽

Paulo Sérgio Dos Santos Leles ◽

Telmo Borges Silveira Filho ◽

Carlos Alberto Bernardo Mesquita ◽

Marcos Lima Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Native Species ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

The State ◽

Forest Species ◽

Mata Atlântica ◽

Production Manager ◽

Mata Atlantica ◽

Forest Nurseries

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade de espécies florestais nativas produzidas nos viveiros do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O levantamento e diagnóstico foram realizados durante os meses de fevereiro, março e abril de 2010, sendo incluídos os viveiros que produziam mudas de espécies florestais da Mata Atlântica. O trabalho de campo consistiu em visitas a 70 viveiros florestais, nos quais foi requerida a lista das espécies produzidas e realizada entrevista com o responsável, sendo preenchido um questionário englobando diversos temas relacionados à produção de mudas. Foram observadas 277 espécies florestais nativas da Mata Atlântica sendo produzidas nos viveiros, que, em média, trabalham com 56 espécies nativas. A diversidade total de espécies florestais da Mata Atlântica produzidas nos viveiros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro é baixa, assim como a diversidade média, já que mais da metade dos viveiros trabalha com uma listagem de 50 ou menos espécies, número insuficiente considerando a diversidade de espécies florestais presentes nas diferentes formações vegetais do estado.Palavras-chave: Mudas florestais; restauração florestal; Mata Atlântica. AbstractAssessment of diversity of native species produced in forest nurseries of Rio de Janeiro State. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the diversity of native species produced by nurseries in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnostic and survey were conducted during the months of February, March and April of the year 2010, the research included all nurseries that produced seedlings of Atlantic Forest species. The fieldwork consisted of visits to the 70 surveyed nurseries, in which a list of the species produced in the nursery was requested and the seedling production manager was interviewed, filling in a questionnaire covering various topics related to seedlings production. We observed 277 forest species native from the Atlantic Forest produced in the nurseries. In average, the nurseries produce 56 different native species. The total diversity of native species produced in the State of Rio de Janeiro is low, as well as the mean diversity, since more than half of the nurseries work with a list of 50 or fewer species, what is insufficient considering the diversity of forest species that occur in the different vegetation types of the state.Keywords: Forest seedlings; forest restoration; Atlantic Forest.

Download Full-text

Epigaeic ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) communities in urban parks located in Atlantic Forest biome

Check List ◽

10.15560/12.5.1967 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1967 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Débora R. de Souza-Campana ◽

Otávio G. M. da Silva ◽

Leonardo Menino ◽

Maria Santina de C. Morini

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Native Species ◽

Urban Parks ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Public Access ◽

Ant Communities ◽

Generalist Species ◽

Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽

Line Transects ◽

Forest Biome

Urban parks offer refuge for numerous animal species, and some of these parks represent the remaining fragments of native forests. We evaluate the diversity and composition of epigaeic ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban parks located within the Atlantic Forest biome (Centenial Park, Leon Feffer Park and Villa Lobos Park). For our collections, we placed pitfall traps along 100-m line transects in areas both accessible and inaccessible to the public. A total of 46 species distributed in seven subfamilies were collected. The number of species did not differ among park areas, but the ant communities themselves differed. Native species, such as Strumigenys denticulata and S. louisianae, were collected in the most preserved natural areas in the parks. Generalist species composed the richest guild and were primarily found in areas with public access. Wasmannia auropunctata, Brachymyrmex heeri, Solenopsis sp. 2, and Solenopsis sp. 3 were classified with high value as biological indicators.

Download Full-text

Ichthyological Differentiation and Homogenization in the Pánuco Basin, Mexico

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12050187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norma Martínez-Lendech ◽

Ana P. Martínez-Falcón ◽

Juan Jacobo Schmitter-Soto ◽

Humberto Mejía-Mojica ◽

Valentino Sorani-Dalbón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Native Species ◽

Ecosystem Change ◽

Species Introductions ◽

Fish Collection ◽

Species Groups ◽

Conservation Concern ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Independent Species ◽

Over Time

Species introductions and extirpations are key aspects of aquatic ecosystem change that need to be examined at large geographic and temporal scales. The Pánuco Basin (Eastern Mexico) has high ichthyological diversity and ecological heterogeneity. However, freshwater fish (FWF) introductions and extirpations since the mid-1900s have modified species range and distribution. We examine changes in FWF species composition in and among four sub-basins of the Pánuco by comparing fish collection records pre-1980 to 2018. Currently, the FWF of the Pánuco includes 95 species. Fishes in the Poeciliidae, Cyprinidae, and Cichlidae, respectively, comprised most records over time. Significant differences in species composition were found between the first (pre-1980) and last (2011–2018) study periods, but not for periods in-between. Eight independent species groups were key for explaining changes in Pánuco river ichthyofauna; one group was dominated by invasive species, and saw increases in the number of records across study periods (faunal homogenization). Another group was formed by species with conservation concern with a declining number of records over time. Thirteen (2 native and 11 non-native) species were responsible for temporal turnover. These results strongly suggest high rates of differentiation over time (via native species loss) following widespread non-native species introductions.

Download Full-text

Consequences of Multispecies Introductions on Island Ecosystems

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics ◽

10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024942 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 169-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James C. Russell ◽

Christopher N. Kaiser-Bunbury

Keyword(s):

Introduced Species ◽

Native Species ◽

Single Species ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Native Range ◽

Top Down ◽

Island Ecosystems ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Species Introductions ◽

Resource Limited

The rate of non-native species introductions continues to increase, with directionality from continents to islands. It is no longer single species but entire networks of coevolved and newly interacting continental species that are establishing on islands. The consequences of multispecies introductions on the population dynamics and interactions of native and introduced species will depend on the form of trophic limitation on island ecosystems. Freed from biotic constraints in their native range, species introduced to islands no longer experience top-down limitation, instead becoming limited by and disrupting bottom-up processes that dominate on resource-limited islands. This framing of the ecological and evolutionary relationships among introduced species with one another and their ecosystem has important consequences for conservation. Whereas on continents the focus of conservation is on restoring native apex species and top-down limitation, on islands the focus must instead be on removing introduced animal and plant species to restore bottom-up limitation.

Download Full-text