scholarly journals A Salutogenic Mental Health Model: Flourishing as a Metaphor for Good Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Nina Helen Mjøsund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Health Care Context ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
Health Model

AbstractThis chapter focuses on a salutogenic understanding of mental health based on the work of Corey Keyes. He is dedicated to research and analysis of mental health as subjective well-being, where mental health is seen from an insider perspective. Flourishing is the pinnacle of good mental health, according to Keyes. He describes how mental health is constituted by an affective state and psychological and social functioning, and how we can measure mental health by the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC-SF) questionnaire. Further, I elaborate on Keyes’ two continua model of mental health and mental illness, a highly useful model in the health care context, showing that the absence of mental illness does not translate into the presence of mental health. You can also read about how lived experiences of former patients support Keyes dual model of mental health and mental illness. This model makes it clear that people can perceive they have good mental health even with mental illness, as well as people with perceived poor or low mental health can be without any mental disorder. The cumulative evidence for seeing mental disorder and mental health function along two different continua, central mental health concepts, and research significant for health promotion are elaborated in this chapter.

Toward a Science of Mental Health

2009 ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey L. M. Keyes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Population Mental Health ◽  
Better Than

This chapter summarizes the research on the dual-continua model of mental health and mental illness. Studies supported this model and therefore the view that the presence of mental health is more than the absence of mental illness. Mental health is conceived of as a constellation of dimensions of subjective well-being, specifically hedonic and eudaemonic measures of subjective well-being. Specifically, the mental health continuum ranges from languishing, moderate, to flourishing mental health. These classifications are important for distinguishing and predicting level of functioning for individuals with and without a current mental disorder. Among individuals free of a mental disorder, flourishing individuals report the fewest missed days of work, the fewest half-day or greater work cutbacks, the healthiest psychosocial functioning, high resilience, and high intimacy), the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease, the lowest number of chronic physical diseases at all ages, the fewest health limitations of activities of daily living, and lower health-care utilization. Even among adults with a mental disorder during the past 12 months, those who are flourishing functioned better than those with moderate mental health, who in turn functioned better than those who were languishing. The findings strongly support the adoption of a more positive paradigm to treatment, prevention, and promotion of population mental health.

scholarly journals Older Adults’ Subjective Well-being Following an Exergame Intervention “Bandit the Dolphin”: Focus Group Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 169-170
Author(s):  
Brittany Drazich ◽  
Breanna Crane ◽  
Kyle Moored ◽  
Karl Shieh ◽  
Janiece Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Adult Participants

Abstract Due to generational mental illness stigma and under diagnosis of mental illness, older adults do not always receive the mental health help that they need. One unique technology that has the potential to improve mood in older adults is exergames, or exercise video games. The objective of this sub-study (main study: Stimulation With Intricate Movements “SWIM” Study) was to explore older adults’ mood following an exergame intervention called “Bandit the Dolphin,” created by the Johns Hopkins KATA Studio. Researchers conducted three focus groups with 14 community-dwelling older adult participants who took part in the SWIM Study exergame intervention. The semi-structured focus groups were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using deductive and inductive techniques described by Ray Maietta’s “sort and sift, think and shift” method. Three themes related to playing “Bandit the Dolphin” and mood emerged. First, participants described their perceived association between activity and mood. Participants felt that both active and passive activities, “Bandit the Dolphin” and otherwise, improved their mood through the “fun” factor, and through feelings of achievement. Second, the participants described that the competition and frustration of playing “Bandit the Dolphin” increased eventual feelings of achievement. Third, participants described how feelings of immersion, or being absorbed in the game, helped them forget their other life concerns. These findings provide a better understanding of older adults’ perceived relationship between an exergame intervention, “Bandit the Dolphin,” and short-term improved mood. Future health and engineering researchers should explore exergames as a potential tool to improve the mental health of older adults.

scholarly journals Embitterment as a Specific Mental Health Reaction during the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Beate Muschalla ◽  
Clio Vollborn ◽  
Anke Sondhof
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Perceived Injustice

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Embitterment can occur as a reaction to perceived injustice. During the pandemic and restrictions in daily living due to infection risk management, a range of many smaller or severe injustices have occurred. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study is to investigate what characterizes persons with high embitterment, mental illness, embitterment and mental illness, and those without embitterment or mental health problems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted an online survey including persons from the general population in November 2020 and December 2020, the phase during which a second lockdown took place, with closed shops, restaurants, cultural and activity sites. 3,208 participants (mean age 47 years) gave self-ratings on their present well-being, burdens experienced during the pandemic, embitterment, wisdom, and resilience. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Embitterment occurred among 16% of the sample, which is a high rate in comparison with 4% during pre-pandemic times. Embitterment was weakly correlated with unspecific mental well-being. There were more persons with embitterment than those with embitterment and a mental health problem. Persons with embitterment reported less coronavirus-related anxiety than persons without embitterment. However, embittered persons reported more social and economic burdens and more frequent experiences of losses (job loss and canceling of medical treatments). Embittered persons perceive their own wisdom competencies on a similar level as persons with mental health problems or persons without mental health problems. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Embitterment is a specific potentially alone-standing affective state, which is distinguishable from general mental health and coping capacities (here: wisdom). The economic and social consequences of pandemic management should be carefully recognized and prevented by policy.

"A comparative study of work culture and well-being of private and government school teachers".

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Government School ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Culture And Mental Health

The present study conducted on 200 private and government school teachers working in Bhiwani district of Haryana. The purpose was to study the effect of work culture on well-being of teachers working in private and government school. Scale of work culture and mental Health Continuum short form was used for Collection of data. The data was analyzed to get mean, S.D. and t value. The results indicate that there exists a significant difference in all components of work culture which influences well-being of the teachers. The result indicates that there exists a significant difference in all components of subjective well-being of private and government school teachers. There is a positive correlation between work culture and subjective well-being. Happy teachers are creative, progressive, innovative, flexible in cognition, energetic, healthy and have good social relations.

An Audit of Mental Health: A Comparative Study of Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riti Das Dhankar ◽  
Dr Asha Hingar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government School ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
Significant Difference

Mental health is an integral and essential component of health. The WHO constitution states: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Today, it is recognized that good mental health is not just the absence of mental illness. Nor is it absolute – some people are more mentally healthy than others, whether you are mentally ill or not. In order to determine the mental health of adolescent school going children, government and private schools from the domain of Jaipur city were taken. A sample of total of 300 adolescents consisting of 150 government school adolescents and 150 private school adolescents were taken. The test used was Mental Health Battery (MHI) (Verma, J. and Srivastava, A.K. 1996). It was found that in all the dimensions of mental health, no significant difference was found for government and private school children. It is a matter of concern for all the parents, teachers and society as a whole that both the groups are poor on a mental health scale.

scholarly journals A MENTÁLIS EGÉSZSÉG KONTINUUM SKÁLA RÖVID VÁLTOZATÁNAK HAZAI VALIDÁCIÓJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-246
Author(s):  
Reinhardt Melinda ◽  
Horváth Zsolt ◽  
Tóth László ◽  
Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Hungarian Version

Háttér és célkitűzésekA Mentális Egészség Két-kontinuum Modellje a mentális egészség pozitív összetevőit, a szubjektív jóllét komponenseit összegzi. Vizsgálatunkban a modell alapján létrehozott Mentális Egészség Kontinuum Skála rövid változatának (rövid MEKS) pszichometriai mutatóit és faktorszerkezetét teszteltük hazai felnőtt egyetemista mintán.Módszer552 egyetemista (71,5% nő, átlagéletkor = 22,09 év, szórás = 3,66) vett részt a keresztmetszeti elrendezésű vizsgálatban, akiket a következő kérdőívek kitöltésére kértünk: Mentális Egészség Kontinuum Skála - rövid változat; Majdnem Tökéletes Skála - rövid változat; Depresszió, Szorongás és Stressz Kérdőív - rövid változat (DASS-21); Kognitív Érzelem Reguláció Kérdőív - rövid változat és Big Five Személyiség- leltár-2 (BFI-2).EredményekA Mentális Egészség Kontinuum Skála rövid változatának a tételek kereszttöltéseit is megengedő (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling, ESEM) bifaktoros szerkezetét erősítettük meg: a globális szubjektív jóllét faktor erős jelenléte mellett az eredeti szerző, Corey L. M. Keyes által leírt három specifikus (érzelmi, pszichológiai és társas) jóllét faktor is megerősítést nyert. A bifaktoros ESEM modell nemi invarianciáját is sikerült igazolnunk. A mérőeszköz megbízhatósági eredményei kiválóak (ω = 0,79-0,92 között), ahogyan validitása is bizonyítást nyert: az elvártaknak megfelelően a pozitív mentális egészség mutatók (teljes rövid MEKS és alskálái) a depresszív, a szorongásos és a stressz tünetekkel, valamint az önkritikus, maladaptív perfekcionizmussal fordított irányú együtt járást mutatnak, míg az adaptív kognitív érzelemregulációs stratégiákkal és az alkalmazkodást segítő személyiségvonásokkal (barátságosság, lelkiismeretesség, érzelmi stabilitás, extraverzió) pozitív kapcsolatban állnak.KövetkeztetésekEredményeink szerint egy valid, a szubjektív jóllét szintet globálisan és annak egyes területeit is megbízhatóan mérő önkitöltős kérdőívet tudtunk bevezetni a magyar tesztállományba.Background and aimsThe Two Continua Model of Mental Health summarizes the positive components of mental health. Our aim was to test the psychometric characteristics and the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), a measurement based on the Two Continua Model of Mental Health, among Hungarian university students.Methods552 university students (71.5% women, mean age = 22.09, SD = 3,66) took part in the cross-sectional research. Respondents filled out the following questionnaires: Hungarian version of the MHC-SF; the Short Form of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale; the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21), the short version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; the Big Five Invento- ry-2.ResultsWe strenghtened the bifactor structure of the Hungarian version of the MHC-SF in Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) framework, which allows the cross-loadings of the items. Beside the strong global subjective well-being factor specific (emotional, psychological, and social) well-being factors emerged. Measurement invariance across gender is also demonstrated. The reliabilty of the Hungarian MHC-SF is excellent (ω = 0.79-0.92), as well as its validity. As it was expected, indicators of positive mental health associated negatively with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, furthermore self-critical and maladaptive perfectionism. In contrast, global and specific components of subjective well-being were in positive association with adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and certain personality traits, like agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and extraversion.ConclusionsAccording to our results a valid questionnaire was introduced into the Hungarian test system, which can reliably measure global subjective well-being, as well as its specific components.

scholarly journals Well-being profiles in adolescence: psychometric properties and latent profile analysis of the mental health continuum model – a methodological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Reinhardt ◽  
Zsolt Horváth ◽  
Antony Morgan ◽  
Gyöngyi Kökönyei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract Background The Adolescent Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) is a psychometrically valid tool to evaluate the domains of subjective well-being, but there is a lack of investigations which could distinguish subgroups with distinct subjective well-being profiles based on this measurement. Therefore, after testing the competing measurement models of the MHC-SF, our main aim was to identify subjective well-being profiles in a large adolescent sample. Methods On a representative Hungarian adolescent sample (N = 1572; 51% girl; mean age was 15.39, SD = 2.26) confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to test the factor stucture of the Adolescent MHC-SF. In addition, gender invariance of the best fitting model was also tested. Latent Profile Analyses (LPA) were conducted to reveal distinct subgroups and these profiles were then compared. Results Results support the bifactor model of MHC-SF: the general and specific well-being factors which were invariant across gender. LPA yielded four subgroups, three of them have been theoretically hypothesized in previous works (i.e. flourishing, moderate mental health, languishing), but an emotionally vulnerable subgroup also emerged. Compared to the languishing group, this new subgroup demonstrated higher scores on prosocial behaviour, but had comparable level of loneliness and internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Our results suggest that the MHC-SF is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing overall well-being and its components. In addition, the identification of young people to be at risk for low mental health may help us to tailor mental health promotion programs to their special needs.

Development and usefulness of a virtual reality-based training program for promoting subjective well-being: A preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyung Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Jung ◽  
Yu-Bin Shin ◽  
Min-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Hyojung Eom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Dispositional Hope ◽  
Interactive Feedback

Abstract Background Enhancing subjective well-being is an effective way to improve mental health and virtual reality is useful as an intervention tool for cultivating well-being. This preliminary study aimed to probe the usefulness of a virtual reality-based interactive feedback program as an intervention tool for promoting subjective well-being. Methods In the experiment, 36 males participated in this program, consisting of three tasks constructed based on the theories of positive psychology: ‘Experience-based problem recognition task’, ‘Future self-based success story expression task’, and ‘Strength expression task’. Participants rated visual analog scores associated with each of the tasks' contents. The concurrent validity of task scores was evaluated by correlations with scores of the psychological scales, such as the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, and Life Orientation Test Revised. Results The total task score was positively correlated with the scores of Mental Health Continuum-Short Form emotional well-being ( r = 0.492, p < 0.001) and psychological well-being ( r = 0.501, p < 0.001), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale ( r = 0.435, p < 0.001), Dispositional Hope Scale agency dimension ( r = 0.601, p < 0.001) and pathways dimension ( r = 0.451, p < 0.001), and Life Orientation Test Revised ( r = 0.378, p < 0.05), but not with the MHC-SF social well-being scores. After controlling the effects of the other task scores, the task scores had linear relationships with certain psychological assessments. Conclusion The results showed that the total task score was significantly correlated with indicators of well-being, self-esteem, hope, and optimism. The task scores obtained from the individual tasks were closely related to the indicators, depending on the nature of the task. These findings suggest that the program contents are well associated with certain aspects of subjective well-being and thus may be available for training that improves subjective well-being through interactive feedback.

scholarly journals Mental Health and the Symptoms of PTSD in People with Depression and Anxiety Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5542
Author(s):  
Paulina Beata Golińska ◽  
Mariusz Cieślak ◽  
Olimpia Hubert ◽  
Mariola Bidzan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

The purpose of this study was to examine the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic in people with no diagnosis of mental illness, as well as in people who were diagnosed with depression or anxiety. Moreover, this study aimed to investigate the interplay between PTSD symptoms and self-assessed mental health associated with well-being. The 210 participants were divided into 3 groups: mentally healthy, participants with diagnosed depression, and participants with anxiety disorders. To evaluate the subjective well-being of the participants, the Polish adaptation of the Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC–SF) was applied. The Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to measure the severity of PTSD symptoms. At least a moderate worsening of PTSD symptoms was observed in participants of all groups. The results were as follows: healthy participants M = 37.35 (SD = 18.46); participants with depression M = 36.05 (SD = 18.02); participants with anxiety M = 44.52 (SD = 18.08). The participants diagnosed with depression showed the lowest level of mental well-being M = 41.58 (SD = 15.02). Conclusion: People diagnosed with depression had both the lowest level of well-being and the lowest severity of symptoms specific to PTSD. In all three groups, lower emotional well-being was linked to greater PTSD symptoms.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Virtual Reality-Based Training Program for Promoting Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1207-1215
Author(s):  
Junhyung Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Jung ◽  
Yu-Bin Shin ◽  
Min-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Hyojung Eom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Interactive Feedback

Objective Enhancing subjective well-being is an effective way to improve mental health. This study aimed to validate a virtual realitybased interactive feedback program as an intervention tool for promoting subjective well-being.Methods Thirty-six males participated in this program, consisting of three tasks constructed based on the theories of positive psychology: ‘Experience-based problem recognition task’, ‘Future self-based success story expression task’, and ‘Strength expression task’. Participants rated visual analog scores associated with each of the tasks’ contents. The concurrent validity of task scores was evaluated by correlations with the psychological scale scores.Results The total task score was positively correlated with scores of Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) emotional wellbeing and psychological well-being, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale agency dimension and pathways dimension, and Life Orientation Test Revised, but not with MHC-SF social well-being scores. After controlling for the effects of the other task scores, the task scores had linear relationships with certain psychological assessments.Conclusion Since the task scores are closely related to indicators of well-being, self-esteem, hope, and optimism, the program contents are well associated with certain aspects of subjective well-being and thus may be available for training that improves subjective well-being through interactive feedback.

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