scholarly journals Design Improvement of Water-Cooled Data Centres Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Ramamoorthy Sethuramalingam ◽  
Abhishek Asthana
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Liquid Heat ◽  
Data Centres

AbstractData centres are complex energy demanding environments. The number of data centres and thereby their energy consumption around the world is growing at a rapid rate. Cooling the servers in the form of air conditioning forms a major part of the total energy consumption in data centres and thus there is an urgent need to develop alternative energy efficient cooling technologies. Liquid cooling systems are one such solution which are in their early developmental stage. In this article, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to further improve the design of liquid-cooled systems is discussed by predicting temperature distribution and heat exchanger performance. A typical 40 kW rack cabinet with rear door fans and an intermediate air–liquid heat exchanger is used in the CFD simulations. Steady state Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes modelling approach with the RNG K-epsilon turbulence model and the Radiator boundary conditions were used in the simulations. Results predict that heat exchanger effectiveness and uniform airflow across the cabinet are key factors to achieve efficient cooling and to avoid hot spots. The fundamental advantages and limitations of CFD modelling in liquid-cooled data centre racks were also discussed. In additional, emerging technologies for data centre cooling have also been discussed.

Characterisation of Cell Adhesion to Substrate Materials and the Resistance to Enzymatic and Mechanical Cell-Removal

2008 ◽  
Vol 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Jane Griffiths ◽  
John G Harvey ◽  
James Dean ◽  
James A Curran ◽  
Athina E Markaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Cell Detachment ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

AbstractCell-implant adhesive strength is important for prostheses. In this paper, an investigation is described into the adhesion of bovine chondrocytes to Ti6Al4V-based substrates with different surface roughnesses and compositions. Cells were cultured for 2 or 5 days, to promote adhesion. The ease of cell removal was characterised, using both biochemical (trypsin) and mechanical (accelerated buoyancy and liquid flow) methods. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been used to estimate the shear forces applied to the cells by the liquid flow. A comparison is presented between the ease of cell detachment indicated using these methods, for the three surfaces investigated.

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to the Analysis of Bank Effects in Restricted Waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Lo ◽  
Dong-Taur Su ◽  
Jan-Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Bank Effect ◽  
Force Increase ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Yaw Angle ◽  
Vessel Speed

It is well known that vessels operating in the vicinity of a lateral bank experience a significant yaw moment and sway force. This bank effect has a major impact on the manoeuvring properties of the vessel and must therefore be properly understood to ensure the safe passage of the vessel through the restricted waterway. Accordingly, this study performs a series of simulations using commercial FLOW-3D® computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software and the KRISO 3600 TEU container ship model to examine the effects of the vessel speed and distance to bank on the magnitude and time-based variation of the yaw angle and sway force. The results show that for a given vessel speed, the yaw angle and sway force increase as the distance to bank reduces, while for a given distance between the ship and the bank, the yaw angle and sway force increase with an increasing vessel speed. In addition, it is shown that even when a vessel advances at a very low speed, it experiences a significant bank effect when operating in close vicinity to the bank. Overall, the results presented in this study confirm the feasibility of the CFD modelling approach as a means of obtaining detailed insights into the bank effect without the need for time-consuming and expensive ship trials.

Effect of Air Conditioning Position on Thermal Comfort in the Floor Air Conditioning System

2014 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Y.A. Sabtalistia ◽  
S.N.N. Ekasiwi ◽  
B. Iskandriawan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Air Diffusion

Energy consumption for air conditioning systems (air conditioning system) increased along with the increasing need for fresh air and comfortable in the room especially apartments. FAC system (Floor Air Conditioning) is growing because it is more energy efficient than CAC (Ceiling Air Conditioning) system. However, the position of the AC supply is on the lower level at the FAC system causes draft discomfort becomes greater as air supply closer to the occupants so that thermal comfort can be reduced. Heat mixture of windows, exterior walls, kitchen, and occupants in the studio apartment affect thermal comfort in the room too.This study aims to determine the position of the AC supply which has the best thermal comfort of FAC system in the studio apartment. It can be done by analyzing ADPI (Air Diffusion Performance Index), the distribution of air temperature, wind speed, RH (Relative Humidity), and DR (Draft Risk) to change the position of the AC supply supported by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation.This result prove that AC position 2 (on wall near the kitchen) is more comfortable than AC position 1 (on the bathroom wall) because AC position 2 away from occupied areas, thereby reducing the occurrence of draught discomfort.

Computational fluid dynamics modelling of hydraulics and sedimentation in process reactors during aeration tank settling

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Jensen ◽  
P. Ingildsen ◽  
M.R. Rasmussen ◽  
J. Laursen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Dynamics Modelling ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Tank Settling

Aeration tank settling is a control method allowing settling in the process tank during high hydraulic load. The control method is patented. Aeration tank settling has been applied in several waste water treatment plants using the present design of the process tanks. Some process tank designs have shown to be more effective than others. To improve the design of less effective plants, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of hydraulics and sedimentation has been applied. This paper discusses the results at one particular plant experiencing problems with partly short-circuiting of the inlet and outlet causing a disruption of the sludge blanket at the outlet and thereby reducing the retention of sludge in the process tank. The model has allowed us to establish a clear picture of the problems arising at the plant during aeration tank settling. Secondly, several process tank design changes have been suggested and tested by means of computational fluid dynamics modelling. The most promising design changes have been found and reported.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document