scholarly journals Hydrologic Precursors

2021 ◽  
pp. 343-368
Author(s):  
Chi-Yuen Wang ◽  
Michael Manga
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Rock Deformation ◽  
Times Series ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Many ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Properties

AbstractPredicting earthquakes is a long-desired goal. The main challenge is to identify precursory signals that reliably predict the impending earthquake. Since hydrological and hydrogeochemical properties and processes can be very sensitive to minute strains, the hope is that measurements from hydrological systems might record precursory rock deformation that would  otherwise be undetectable. Of the many hundreds of studies, we review a subset to illustrate how signals can be challenging to interpret and highlight questions raised by observations—examples come from China, Japan, Taiwan, India, the USA, Russia, France, Italy and Iceland. All are retrospective studies. Some signals seem to have no other explanation than being precursory, however, rarely is enough data available to undertake a thorough analysis. Some hydrological precursors might be recording deformation events that are slower than traditional earthquakes (and hence usually harder to detect). Long times series of data are critical for both identifying putative precursors and assessing their origin and reliability.

The “Green Revolution”, Ethics and Engineering in the USA

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Garber ◽  
D. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Many ◽  
Technical Organizations

Ethical behavior applied to any activity within our society is, in the final analysis, the responsibility of each of the individuals involved in that activity. The “Green Revolution”, which erupted in the U.S.A. resulted in conditions which presented difficult ethical decisions to individuals and organizations working on ecological/environmental questions. The problems posed are best observed in an examination of the enforcement of the U.S.A. Clean Water Act where construction workers, the media, regulators, lawyers, politicians, environmentalists, treatment facility operators, scientists, engineers, academics and scientific/technical organizations all substantially benefited. Unfortunately this legislation does not require ecological or net environmental improvement. It requires equitable distribution of the costs of compliance throughout the nation. This has encouraged nonscientific standards and criteria, and a narrow focus, which have in turn resulted in both nonresponsible environmental results, and costs such that other important ecological/societal needs cannot be funded. All societies, whether developing or industrialized, must conserve their resources by utilizing scientific/economic methods to attack clean water and similar problems if they are to really improve their ecology/environment. Since this procedure is minimally used in the U.S.A., what should or can be the ethical positions of the many individuals and groups now benefiting by the present flawed system?

scholarly journals The local church as a non-governmental organisation in the fight against poverty: A historical overview of Bethulie 1933–1935

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Organisation And Administration ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Church

Poverty is one of the greatest threats to society. In South Africa it is also one of the biggest challenges. This article starts with the challenges put to society by Mr Trevor Manuel at the Carnegie 3 conference. It then explores the possibility of if and how the church can act as a non-governmental organisation in the fight against poverty. A historical overview of the actions of Rev. E.P. Groenewald, during the drought of 1933–1934 in the Dutch Reformed Church Bethulie, serves as a case study of how the church can make a difference. It, however, also illustrates the many pitfalls on this challenging road. The article comes to the conclusion that the main challenge of the church in the fight against poverty is to act as a non-governmental organisation, which transforms values and assists society with good organisation and administration.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence decision-making in mobile health

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Menictas ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
Predrag Klasnja ◽  
Susan Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sleeping Habits

It is likely that you or someone you know is affected by a chronic health condition. For example, a staggering six in 10 adults in the USA are currently suffering from a chronic disease (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2019). Unfortunately, chronic conditions are not treatable overnight, but they can often be improved by regular incorporation of preventative behaviours (e.g., taking medication, healthy sleeping habits, being physically active, healthy eating, etc.). However, due to the many contingencies that arise in our lives, regular incorporation of healthy behaviours is difficult, and often when we need help in enacting these behaviours, support from clinical professionals is not available.

The Flipped K-12 Classroom

2016 ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Dennen ◽  
Jonathan Michael Spector
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Flipped Classrooms ◽  
The Many ◽  
K 12

New technologies are changing how best to support and facilitate learning in primary and secondary education. Many of these new technologies are available through the Internet, which is an important resource for learning and instruction at all levels and in nearly all contexts. Among the changes that are occurring is the possibility of integrating Internet resources into curricula, which are often linked to mandated standards in schools in the USA and other countries. Among the many possibilities of leveraging these classrooms is the concept of flipping the classroom so that primary presentations of content take place outside the classroom, with classroom activities focused on practice, interaction and feedback. To make a flipped classroom successful requires training teachers about technology integration, providing ongoing professional development, and developing supportive school and home environments with strong educational leadership. The focus of this chapter is on the needs and requirements involved in making flipped classrooms successful learning experiences for students.

The Objectivists

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jaussen
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
William Carlos Williams ◽  
Louis Zukofsky ◽  
George Oppen ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Charles Reznikoff ◽  
Lorine Niedecker ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Many ◽  
First And Second Generation

The Objectivist poets were a group of first- and second-generation modernist writers who emerged in the USA during the 1930s. The writers most commonly associated with the movement are Louis Zukofsky (who first used the term ‘objectivist’ to describe poetry), Charles Reznikoff, George Oppen, Charles Rakosi, the British poet Basil Bunting, and Lorine Niedecker (other poets, such as William Carlos Williams, however, were published under the banner of ‘objectivist’). Most objectivist writing was characterized by an attention to specific particulars and the belief that poems could be material or social objects. Beyond these broad tendencies, however, each writer associated with the movement offered different definitions of ‘objectivist,’ and developed divergent writing practices. Consequently, the term has historical, critical, and evolutionary implications, referring both to specific literary publications, a core of poets whose relationships and affinities continued beyond the early 1930s, and the many subsequent attempts by poets and critics to use ‘objectivist’ as a critical concept.

scholarly journals Communicating actionable nutrition messages: challenges and opportunities

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne P. Goldberg ◽  
Sarah A. Sliwa
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nutrition Messages ◽  
The Many ◽  
Many Sources

As long as health communications have existed in the USA, Americans have faced the task of sorting the agenda of the source from the advice it provides. That task has become more complicated as advances in the science of nutrition and the technology used to present it have heightened the complexity of nutrition communications. Getting consumers to adopt a healthier diet has been a protracted undertaking with limited successes along the way. The obesity epidemic has added urgency to this discourse: not only do we need to eat better, but most of us also need to eat less. This paper reviews the dynamics that have made the communication of accurate and actionable health behaviour information an ongoing challenge, and outlines strategies for moving ahead. It considers the interplay of four sets of factors: the evolutionary nature of the science on which recommendations are based; the many sources of communication about that science; the agendas or motivations of each source; and finally the multifaceted nature of consumers, the recipients of these communications. Communication alone has not been, and will not be, sufficient for consumers to adopt the behavioural changes endorsed by experts. Broad environmental interventions coupled with individual skills development will need to be part of the process. Ultimately, it is the consumer who decides what is for dinner. Media literacy will play a critical role in building consumer efficacy in sorting fact from fiction in order to select food for a healthful diet.

scholarly journals Application of Indirect ELISA for Detection of Bovine Antibodies against Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Afshar ◽  
G. C. Dulac ◽  
P. F. Wright ◽  
D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Many ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses

Two indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (I-ELISAs) are described for the detection of bovine serum antibody to the New Jersey (NJ) and Indiana (IN) vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV). Serum samples at a dilution of 1:200 were incubated with binary ethylenimine-inactivated VSV-NJ and VSV-IN type-specific antigens preadsorbed to microtiter plates. Bound antibodies were detected by a murine monoclonal antibody to bovine IgG 1 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The performance of each I-ELISA in detecting homotypic and heterotypic antibodies to VSV-NJ and VSV-IN in sequential serum samples from calves experimentally infected with VSV-NJ or VSV-IN was evaluated. The I-ELISAs detected serotype-specific antibodies to either VSV-NJ or VSV-IN in calves infected with the homologous serotype. Homotypic but not heterotypic anti-VSV-NJ antibodies were first demonstrable by the VSV-NJ I-ELISA during the second week postinfection and remained at an elevated level for a period of 11 weeks, with a gradual decrease thereafter. Similar homotypic antibody profiles measured by the VSV-IN I-ELISA in calves inoculated with VSV-IN were observed. The performances of the I-ELISAs were compared using 1,495 microtiter serum neutralization (MTSN) test-negative bovine field sera collected from cattle in Canada (VS free) and 429 samples collected from cattle in the USA and Mexico (VS-epidemic and VS-endemic areas). The diagnostic specificities of the VSV-NJ and VSV-IN I-ELISAs for the Canadian samples relative to the MTSN test results were in the range of 99.8% and 99.7%, respectively. The levels of agreement between the VSV-NJ and VSV-IN I-ELISAs and the MTSN test for the 429 bovine field samples from VS-epidemic and VS-endemic areas were 97.7% and 98.8%, respectively. Relative to MTSN, the sensitivity and specificity of the 429 field sera for the VSV-NJ I-ELISA were 95.4% and 99.6%, respectively, and for the VSV-IN assay were 75.0% and 99.2%, respectively. The results suggest that in addition to the many technical advantages over the MTSN test these I-ELISAs have potential application as rapid and inexpensive tests for the serodiagnosis of VSV infection in cattle.

Kick Andy, The Oprah Winfrey TV Show of Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Amalia E. Maulana ◽  
Lexi Z. Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Oprah Winfrey ◽  
Entertainment Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tv Show

Subject area Social Marketing, Entertainment Education Program. Study level/applicability Postgraduate program. Master in Strategic Marketing and Master in Business Administration. Case overview In the midst of the many TV shows that do not provide enlightenment, Kick Andy TV Show appeared to provide answers to the public unrest. In the spirit of “Watch with Heart” Kick Andy serves Entertainment-Education and Social rarely glimpsed by the television station. Success of Kick Andy TV Show made this brand doing brand extension such as Kick Andy Foundation, Kick Andy Magazine, Kick Andy Enterprise and others. Challenge for this program is to maintain the right balance between social, entertainment and education. Expected learning outcomes This Case Study illustrates that Kick Andy TV Show filled the value gap that viewers experienced from existing TV show. This show is similar to the offer of Oprah Winfrey Show in the USA. Student is expected to understand social marketing primarily related to entertainment-education TV show. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

Water-depletion and single-state municipal bond fund risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Marta Álvarez ◽  
Javier Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Municipal Bond ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Single State ◽  
Bond Fund ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between single-state municipal bond fund risk and water scarcity in the USA. Design/methodology/approach The authors compare the risk profiles of funds from states with limited water resources with those from states without this issue. Findings The authors find that, as expected, funds from southern and western states, which suffer from water scarcity, are riskier than funds from other regions within the mainland USA. Although this study is concerned with which funds are riskier, it is noted that funds from the northeast are significantly less risky than funds from other regions. Originality/value Due to limited water resources, crumbling water infrastructure and continuous water-rights legal battles, water resources in the USA have become a highly sought-after commodity. In this study, we contribute to the discussion on the many repercussions of water scarcity on financial assets.

scholarly journals Effect of the Demographic of Covid-19 on Different Countries; Using the USA for Comparism

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Oyepata Simeon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Many

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads mainly when an infected person is in close contact with another person. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of COVID-19 on different countries, using USA as comparism factor. Ninety four countries were selected based on their continents, countries and cases of infection. Data from each country were obtained from United Nations Geoscheme and WHO and were analyzed and compared to that of the United State of America (USA). Data analyzed revealed that most countries in Africa appears to be least affected by the virus. Data also revealed that many countries have been able to understand and manage the spread and infectivity of the virus compared to the USA. Result from the study also showed that the many countries have been able to improve on managing the infection when compared to USA mortality. This may be due to among other factors a more robust immune response, herd immunity and united approach in the management of the disease. The result also helps to provide insight as to how significant developing and providing vaccine may be to this part of the world. Result from the study suggests that while Africa has a better immunity for the virus, there seems to be improvement the management of disease by other continent.

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