scholarly journals Specificities of suburbanisation in post-socialist context: New housing construction in metropolitan region of Prague 1997-2005

Geografie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-356
Author(s):  
Luděk Sýkora ◽  
Darina Posová
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City

The article analyses residential suburbanisation in Prague metropolitan region using data about new housing construction in the period of 1997-2005. Findings show that despite suburban areas account for large share of newly constructed housing, its majority is built within the compact city. Large share of new housing construction in the compact city indicates the vitality and strength of urban alternatives to suburbanisation. In addition, the paper illustrates the strengthening position of Prague metropolitan area within the country and discuses characteristics of new housing construction in the relation to the increasing distance from the city centre.

scholarly journals Entre a norma e o fato urbano-metropolitano: possibilidades e limitações das inovações institucionais para a gestão territorial na Região Metropolitana de Campinas-SP / Between the standard and the urban and metropolitan fact: possibilities and limitations of institutional innovations for territorial management in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas-SP

Redes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Orlando Moreira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Governance ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
Territorial Management ◽  
Institutional Innovations ◽  
The City

Resumo A ideia central deste trabalho é apresentar as possibilidades para a gestão e o planejamento urbano e regional advindas com as inovações institucionais trazidas pela Constituição de 1988 e pelo Estatuto da Cidade de 2001. Para exemplificar, é utilizado o caso do processo de regionalização, em especial, a criação legal de região metropolitana, tendo como referencial empírico a Região Metropolitana de Campinas-SP. A partir deste caso, é possível identificar os desafios enfrentados na transposição do plano das ideias para o plano da aplicação daquilo que consta nos documentos oficiais. Isto evidencia um descompasso entre a norma e o fato urbano e metropolitano, ampliando os desafios para o estabelecimento de uma governança metropolitana efetiva. Abstract The central idea of this paper is to present the possibilities for the management and urban and regional planning stemming from the institutional innovations introduced by the 1988 Constitution and the 2001 Statute of the City. As an example we use the case of the regionalization process, in particular the legal creation of the metropolitan area, with the empirical reference of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas-SP. From this case it is possible to identify the challenges faced in the implementation plan of the ideas for the transition from the of the ideas to the implementation of the plan of what appears in official documents. This reflects a mismatch between the standard and the urban and metropolitan fact, increasing the challenges for the establishment of an effective metropolitan governance.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Dispersion of PM10 in an Urban Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelia Mariana Dragomir ◽  
Daniel Eduard Constantin ◽  
Mirela Voiculescu ◽  
Lucian Puiu Georgescu Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Pm10 Emissions

Abstract One way of monitoring the atmospheric pollution is to estimate anthropogenic emissions. This paper presents a study of PM10 emissions in a city SE of Romania (Braila) for the period 2009-2012. PM10 emissions decrease from 304.75 t in 2009 to 78.01 t in 2012. Using data from the Environmental Protection Agency Braila and the METI-LIS dispersion model, four maps were produced in order to estimate the spatial distribution of PM10 emission in each year. Results of dispersion models show that the air quality can change abruptly between points at few meters away. Expectedly, PM10 emissions increase towards the centre of the city centre, are generally higher in the vicinity of busy streets and roads.

scholarly journals Contribution of garbage burning to chloride and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Mexico City

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 8751-8761 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Li ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
N. Bei ◽  
L. T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Abstract. The contribution of garbage burning (GB) emissions to chloride and PM2.5 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) has been investigated for the period of 24 to 29 March during the MILAGRO-2006 campaign using the WRF-CHEM model. When the MCMA 2006 official emission inventory without biomass burning is used in the simulations, the WRF-CHEM model significantly underestimates the observed particulate chloride in the urban and the suburban areas. The inclusion of GB emissions substantially improves the simulations of particulate chloride; GB contributes more than 60% of the observation, indicating that it is a major source of particulate chloride in Mexico City. GB yields up to 3 pbb HCl at the ground level in the city, which is mainly caused by the burning of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the garbage. GB is also an important source of PM2.5, contributing about 3–30% simulated PM2.5 mass on average. More modeling work is needed to evaluate the GB contribution to hazardous air toxics, such as dioxin, which is found to be released at high level from PVC burning in laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals Case Study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake: The Disaster Response Capability of Kumamoto Compact City, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Hang Liu ◽  
Riken Homma ◽  
Kazuhisa Iki
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Compact City ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster

Compact cities are widely used in urban planning in Japan due to the following benefits: efficient land use, reduction in the transport network and reliance on mass transport, low emissions, etc. However, Compactness often means high density. In disaster-resistant Japan, whether the compact city form can effectively respond to disasters is needed further discussion. In the Kumamoto City Master Plan, 15 local hubs have been planned to promote the development of the compact city. In this study, 15 local hubs are selected as the research objects. Moreover, the entropy method was chosen to evaluate the disaster prevention capability. The results show that disaster risk is high and the disaster prevention ability is weak in the central urban area, which is likely to cause greater losses when the disaster occurs. The local hubs that are far away from the city centre also have the weak disaster prevention due to the lack of disaster prevention facilities, while some hub areas are more capable of disaster prevention despite the high risk of disasters. Therefore, in the post-disaster reconstruction plan, it is recommended making a focus on the low-risk and disaster resistant areas. At the same time, the cancellation of hubs with high risk and weak disaster prevention needs to be further discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in Occupational Structure and Residential Segregation in Tokyo

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Masaya Uesugi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

AbstractSimilar to other industrialized countries, Japan has experienced a growth in income inequality since the 1980s. Furthermore, in the past few decades, Tokyo has come to adopt a more liberalist position for not only welfare and housing policy of the state but also to urban policy. This chapter examines the changes in socio-spatial inequality in Tokyo from 2000 to 2015. During this period, segregation indices confirm some level of residential separation between the top and bottom occupational groups, and segregation is fairly stable over time. This suggests that certain factors counteract the increase of residential segregation. A comparison between the Tokyo Metropolitan Region and the core city reveals that the core city amplifies spatial inequality. In contrast to the limited change in the city-wide levels of segregation, the changes in the residential patterns show that people with high occupational status tend to concentrate around the main railway station in suburban areas in the region and inside the core city, especially adjacent to the central neighborhoods.

scholarly journals Contribution of garbage burning to chloride and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Mexico City

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 13667-13689 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Li ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
N. Bei ◽  
L. T. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Abstract. The contribution of garbage burning (GB) emissions to chloride and PM2.5 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is investigated for the period of 24 to 29 March during the MILAGRO-2006 campaign using the WRF-CHEM model. When the MCMA-2006 official emission inventory without biomass burning is used in the simulations, the WRF-CHEM model significantly underestimates the observed particulate chloride in the urban and the suburban areas. The inclusion of GB emissions substantially improves the simulations of particulate chloride; GB contributes more than 60 % of the observation, indicating it is a major source of particulate chloride in Mexico City. GB yields up to 3 pbb HCl at the ground level in the city, which is mainly caused by the burning of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the garbage. GB is also an important source of PM2.5, contributing about 3–30 % simulated PM2.5 mass on average. More modeling work is needed to evaluate the GB contribution to hazardous air toxics, such as dioxin, which is found to be released at high level from PVC burning in laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals Understanding a Pedestrian Needs: Cases of metropolitan area

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rohana Sham ◽  
Noranita Abdamia ◽  
Dia Widyawati Amat ◽  
Nurul Huda Md Yatim
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The City ◽  
Open Access Article

Understanding the pedestrian needs is crucial. Malaysian citizen, especially those living in the city centre, has been too dependent on private transports due to high dissatisfaction towards pedestrian design provision. This includes cleanliness, accessibility and connectivity. Main objective of the research is to determine the factors that affect pedestrian satisfaction and to propose a solution model. This research embarks into a quantitative study where daily and active pedestrian were interview using a stated preference survey in Kuala Lumpur urban area. The research suggests a details understanding of the pedestrian needs among urban citizen who live and work in the city.Keywords: Pedestrian Need; Urban Area; Infrastructure; SatisfactioneISSN 2398-4295 ©2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i18.189

scholarly journals The Copenhagen Metropolitan ‘Finger Plan’

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-243
Author(s):  
Eva Sørensen ◽  
Jacob Torfing
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
City Centre ◽  
The Political ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Adaptive Development ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

The metropolitan region of Copenhagen in Denmark has successfully avoided urban sprawl through a comprehensive public plan initiated more than seventy years ago. Given the well-known challenges to urban planning, it is surprising how successful this so-called Finger Plan has been in governing the process of expansion and development to satisfy both public planners and private citizens. Formulated in the optimistic post-war years, 1945–7, when the pressure on land use outside the city centre was still limited, the plan was initiated by the private Urban Planning Lab. In today’s terminology, this was a bottom-up grassroots initiative which maintained support from local, regional, and national decision-makers. Higher than expected growth in population, economy, and transportation infrastructure has been achieved through robust adaptation. Now considered by many to be one of the greatest Danish planning achievements in history, it was included in 2006 on the national list of celebrated cultural icons. The chapter analyses the conditions for and adaptive development of the Finger Plan. The analysis of the factors driving the successful formulation and implementation of the Finger Plan pays attention to the question of timing, the professional process management, the political coalition building, the strength of metaphors, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions.

scholarly journals Vascular flora of Jelenovac Forest Park (Zagreb, Croatia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Marta Justić ◽  
Marija Bučar ◽  
Petra Vizec ◽  
Ana Vukres ◽  
Vedran Šegota
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Common ◽  
Plant Families

A floristic study of Jelenovac Forest Park, located in Zagreb city centre, was conducted during the vegetation season of 2019. In total, 255 vascular plant taxa were recorded, divided into 75 plant families, of which Compositae (12.55%), Rosaceae (7.06%) and Poaceae (6.67%) are the most represented. The spectrum of life-forms indicates the dominance of hemicryptophytes (43.14%) and phanerophytes (27.45%). The chorological analysis shows a domination of Eurasian floral element (27.45%), followed by large share of widespread (22.35%) and cultivated and adventitious plants (18.04%). Only one threatened, three strictly protected and as many as 12 invasive plant taxa were found. Comparison of flora of Jelenovac with similar urban and suburban areas of Zagreb conglomeration yielded diverse results, but still reflecting the common biogeographical position and influence of temperate climate and indicating a comparatively high anthropogenic influence.

scholarly journals The influence of residential wood combustion on the concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in four Nordic cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4333-4365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Kukkonen ◽  
Susana López-Aparicio ◽  
David Segersson ◽  
Camilla Geels ◽  
Leena Kangas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Urban Concentration ◽  
The City

Abstract. Residential wood combustion (RWC) is an important contributor to air quality in numerous regions worldwide. This study is the first extensive evaluation of the influence of RWC on ambient air quality in several Nordic cities. We have analysed the emissions and concentrations of PM2.5 in cities within four Nordic countries: in the metropolitan areas of Copenhagen, Oslo, and Helsinki and in the city of Umeå. We have evaluated the emissions for the relevant urban source categories and modelled atmospheric dispersion on regional and urban scales. The emission inventories for RWC were based on local surveys, the amount of wood combusted, combustion technologies and other relevant factors. The accuracy of the predicted concentrations was evaluated based on urban concentration measurements. The predicted annual average concentrations ranged spatially from 4 to 7 µg m−3 (2011), from 6 to 10 µg m−3 (2013), from 4 to more than 13 µg m−3 (2013) and from 9 to more than 13 µg m−3 (2014), in Umeå, Helsinki, Oslo and Copenhagen, respectively. The higher concentrations in Copenhagen were mainly caused by the relatively high regionally and continentally transported background contributions. The annual average fractions of PM2.5 concentrations attributed to RWC within the considered urban regions ranged spatially from 0 % to 15 %, from 0 % to 20 %, from 8 % to 22 % and from 0 % to 60 % in Helsinki, Copenhagen, Umeå and Oslo, respectively. In particular, the contributions of RWC in central Oslo were larger than 40 % as annual averages. In Oslo, wood combustion was used mainly for the heating of larger blocks of flats. In contrast, in Helsinki, RWC was solely used in smaller detached houses. In Copenhagen and Helsinki, the highest fractions occurred outside the city centre in the suburban areas. In Umeå, the highest fractions occurred both in the city centre and its surroundings.

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