scholarly journals Sports-Related Injuries of the Pediatric Musculoskeleton

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Kirsten Ecklund
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Athletic Programs ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Optimal Evaluation ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractWorldwide, more than 50 million children and adolescents participate in organized athletic programs annually. Despite the numerous health and well-being benefits, this widespread involvement also leads to acute and overuse injuries that account for millions of medical visits each year. Musculoskeletal injury in childhood may lead to growth disturbance and lifelong disability. Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of these injuries. While radiography is sufficient for most long bone fractures, MRI is often necessary for optimal evaluation of injuries involving the radiolucent growth mechanism and articular structures. The following review will discuss the imaging features associated with many sports-related injuries unique to the pediatric musculoskeleton, specifically the lower extremity.

Optimizing Integrative and Preventive Medicine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Patient Understanding ◽  
Patient Partnership ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Medicine Team

The practice of integrative and preventive medicine plays a critical role in improving the health and well-being of people, families, and communities. This chapter covers several key steps to optimize the effective practice of integrative and preventive medicine, including the importance the clinician–patient partnership; prioritizing pain, stress, and emotional distress; and clearly communicating the reasoning behind recommendations. The successful clinician should be able to engage with patients as partners through their health journey, make appropriate referrals to other members of the integrative medicine team, encourage self-efficacy and health behavior change, ensure patient understanding, and schedule periodic follow-up and reassessment.

Maternal and Child Health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valire Carr Copeland ◽  
Daniel Hyung Jik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
And Child Health

Social reform efforts of the settlement-house movement have provided, in part, the foundation for today’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau’s policies, programs, and services. Planning, implementing, and evaluating policies and programs that affect the health and well-being of mothers and children require a multidisciplinary approach. Social workers, whose skills encompass direct services, advocacy, planning and research, community development, and administration, have a critical role to play in improving the health outcomes of maternal and child populations.

Urgent diagnostics of musculoskeletal injury: the value of ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A. M. SHCHIKOTA ◽  
◽  
I. V. POGONCHENKOVA ◽  
S. A. GUMENYUK ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Emergency Ultrasonography ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnostics ◽  
Surgical Manipulations ◽  
Ultrasonic Navigation

The article presents a review of literature on the value of ultrasonography in acute musculoskeletal injury diagnostics. The main objectives of emergency ultrasonography are outlined: detection of fractures, large hematomas, injuries of tendons, muscles and nerves, detection of foreign bodies of soft tissues, ultrasonic navigation of surgical manipulations and reposition of fractures. The ultrasound method is highly sensitive цand specific in the detection of long-bone fractures, muscles and tendons rupture, which can make an impact on therapeutic tactic and patient’s routing. Ultrasound diagnostics has become useful for pediatric patients due to its ease of use, mobility and non-ionizing qualities. Ultrasonography of acute musculoskeletal injury will probably be increasingly important for orthopedic surgeons and emergency physicians.

Sociology

Urban Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Lei Jin ◽  
Chenyu Ye ◽  
Eric Fong
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Relations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
Health And Well Being

Sociology is perhaps best seen classically as the study of the development, structure, and function of human societies, and sociologists have long been interested in urbanization and the ways in which urban living influences people’s health and well-being. These interests intersect with other core sociological concerns, such as socioeconomic inequality, racial and ethnic relations, migration, social cohesion, and social control to inform unique sociological perspectives on urban health. Urban environments, bringing together heterogeneous populations in dynamic, rapidly evolving settings, are natural laboratories for understanding human societies, thus suggesting a critical role for sociological perspectives in the study of urban health. This chapter introduces a sociological lens to the study of urban health, offering how sociology can advance our understanding of the health of urban populations.

scholarly journals Outdoor Activity Participation Improves Adolescents’ Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2506
Author(s):  
S. Brent Jackson ◽  
Kathryn T. Stevenson ◽  
Lincoln R. Larson ◽  
M. Nils Peterson ◽  
Erin Seekamp
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Nature Play ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Recreation Participation ◽  
Health And Well Being

COVID-19 is reshaping human interactions with the natural environment, potentially generating profound consequences for health and well-being. To assess the effects of COVID-19 on the outdoor recreation participation and subjective well-being of adolescents, as well as how participation in outdoor activities may mitigate declines in subjective well-being, we used a Qualtrics XM panel to conduct a nationally representative survey of youth ages 10–18 across the United States (n = 624) between 30 April and 15 June 2020. Survey questions focused on frequency of participation in outdoor activities before and during the pandemic, as well as changes in subjective well-being. Paired t-tests revealed decreases in both outdoor recreation participation (64% reported declines) and subjective well-being (52% reported declines). A regression model examining correlates of changes in subjective well-being (R2 = 0.42) revealed strong associations with changes in outdoor play (B = 0.44, p < 0.001) and nature-based (B = 0.21, p = 0.016) activities. Adolescents’ from all backgrounds who participated in these activities during the pandemic reported smaller declines in subjective well-being. Results highlight the critical role that time outdoors and time in nature play in bolstering adolescents’ resilience to stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic and underscore the need to facilitate outdoor recreation opportunities for youth during times of crisis.

Transport, driving and ageing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Medical Fitness ◽  
Health And Well Being

SummaryTransport is the invisible glue that holds our lives together, an under-recognized contributor to economic, social and personal well-being. In public health terms, the medical profession had previously allowed itself to focus almost exclusively on the downsides of transport. However, the research basis for transport, driving and ageing is steadily evolving and has important academic and practical considerations for gerontologists and geriatricians. For gerontologists, teasing out the critical role of transport in the health and well-being of older people is an imperative, as well as the key challenges inherent in transitioning from driving to not driving. The safe crash record of a group with significant multi-morbidity allows us to focus on the remarkable strategic and adaptive skills of older people. From a policy perspective, strictures on older drivers are an exemplar of institutionalized ageism. For geriatricians, a key challenge is to develop strategies for including transportation in our clinical assessments, formulating effective strategies for assessment of medical fitness to drive, incorporating enabling techniques, giving due consideration to ethical and legal aspects, and developing and promoting multi-modality and alternative transportation options.

Transforming the guest–host relationship: a convivial tourism approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1088
Author(s):  
Xinran Lehto ◽  
Dori Davari ◽  
Soona Park
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Economic Experience ◽  
Market Communication ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to provide a fresh perspective toward understanding the forces that exist in the guest-host dynamic and thereby contribute to the guest–host relationship literature. Design/methodology/approach This study examines guest–host relationship via the philosophical lens of convivialism. Findings This study conceptualizes conviviality in the guest–host relationship. A convivial guest–host relationship is characterized by well-being mutuality and hospitality mutuality. Such a relation can be built when the guest and the host form a tri-party of coalitions, namely, economic, experience and hospitality. While an economic coalition represents the pragmatic value in a guest–host relationship, an experience coalition represents an experiential value in a guest–host relationship. A hospitality coalition then represents the spiritual alliance in such a relationship. Practical implications This paper suggests that tourism development should be guided by a conviviality vision. Health and well-being of both the visitors and the destination community should be a goal priority. This paper suggests that the starting point of experience planning is the residents, not the visitors. The critical role of hospitality in formulating market communication strategies is emphasized. Social implications This study contributes to the larger conversation of diversity and sustainability. Originality/value This study proposes a convivial tourism model – a form of tourism that is oriented toward mutuality of hospitality and well-being of both visitors and destination communities.

scholarly journals Workshop: Behaviour change and knowledge translation: The unlocked potential to improve people’s health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Behaviour Change Counselling ◽  
Change Principles ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Despite the complexities of modern healthcare it remains the case that human behaviour plays a critical role in health outcomes and in the efficacy of most treatments. We know that people get sick because of unhealthy behaviours. We know that the success of most healthcare interventions is highly dependent on patients’ willingness to adhere to self-care activities such as taking medications or performing self-examinations. Over the last decades well-validated, cost-effective behavioural medicine interventions have been developed. The field has contributed to strategies in health education, with techniques for modifying behaviour, and enhancing motivation and learning for health. More recently, multilevel intervention models, including environmental and policy variables, are being increasingly proposed and tested. Yet, for several reasons, only few such interventions have been translated into policy recommendations or implemented successfully in clinical practice. Through highlighting critical gaps in knowledge translation that can be addressed by integrating modern theoretical and methodological approaches across disciplines we hope to contribute to the development of effective and implementable behaviour change interventions for optimal population and individual health and well-being. Aim The aim of this workshop is to broaden our understanding of measures that have originated from behavioural sciences and have a lot to offer to public health. This workshop also seeks to contribute to capacity building in knowledge translation and evidence-informed decision-making in public health. Workshop structure The workshop will consist of five presentations providing an overview of topical issues in the field of behaviour change and knowledge translation, followed by an interactive audience discussion. The first presentations will introduce the most recent challenges in knowledge translation from the WHO/Europe perspective. The second presentation will discuss the possibilities of using behaviour change principles in the development and adoption of health policies showcasing the Canada’s newly adopted Food Guide. The third presentation will highlight the challenges in tackling physician’s ability to effectively conduct behaviour change counselling with their patients in the context of chronic disease prevention. The fourth presentation will make the link between the knowledge translation theory and practice, using the Behaviour Change Wheel theory. The fifth presentation will introduce the free academic meta-search engine - Motrial, which has a great potential in evaluating the randomized controlled trials and fuelling meta-analyses and systematic reviews in return of better quality. Further to the reflexion on the current knowledge base, an audience discussion will give attendees the opportunity to share their opinions regarding challenges and opportunities in knowledge translation to improve people’s health and well-being. Key messages Policy development and adoption can be considered as a behaviour change process. The application of behaviour change principles to the policy process may lead to greater stakeholder engagement and faster policy implementation.

scholarly journals PSV-19 Preliminary exploration of caretaker and manager perspectives of on-farm euthanasia on swine operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 225-226
Author(s):  
Hailey M Simpson ◽  
Lily Edwards-Callaway ◽  
Catie Cramer ◽  
I Noa Roman-Muniz ◽  
Elaine N Calaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Swine Operations ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Employees on swine operations have the critical role of ensuring animal health and well-being, which sometimes involves performing euthanasia. This study aimed to understand caretaker and manager involvement and perspectives on performing euthanasia on swine farms. Individuals were recruited through online (newsletters and emails to companies) and in-person (e.g. Pig Welfare Symposium, MN) methods in the fall of 2019. The survey consisted of 61 questions on topics related to training, methods of euthanasia, perspectives about euthanasia and knowledge of available mental health resources. Thirty-nine individuals participated in the survey (18 caretakers, 21 managers). Half of respondents (50%, n = 20) indicated that they were involved with making euthanasia decisions. The vast majority of respondents “believe that euthanasia is a humane way to end animal suffering” (95%; n = 36) and that “the euthanasia process on-farm is necessary” (97%; n = 34). A quarter of individuals (25%, n = 9) “feel emotionally upset after euthanizing a pig” and 84% (n = 26) indicated it is “easier to euthanize a pig the more they do it.” Additionally, 92% (n = 35) of respondents agreed that they have “enough experience and knowledge to know when to euthanize a pig.” Most of survey respondents (n = 34) agreed that they “feel as though I can communicate with my supervisors if I feel uncomfortable performing euthanasia” and that their “supervisors aim to promote a safe and encouraging work environment” (n = 38). Despite this, a small number of respondents (n = 6) did not feel “as though my supervisors acknowledge concerns that they may have” and did not feel that their supervisors take “an interest in my professional development and/or job performance.” Overall, data suggest that caretakers and managers understand the importance of euthanasia regarding animal well-being and generally feel they can communicate their concerns.

The Promise of Research to Advance Smart Decarceration

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Epperson ◽  
Amy Blank Wilson ◽  
Gina Fedock
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Health And Well Being

This paper describes the concept of “Smart Decarceration” and introduces the special issue of Criminal Justice and Behavior entitled “Research to Advance Smart Decarceration Policies, Programs, and Interventions.” The concept of Smart Decarceration originated nearly a decade ago as the United States reached a tipping point in mass incarceration, and it focuses on three interrelated outcomes: substantially reducing the use of incarceration and other forms of punishment; reversing racial disparities and other inequities in the criminal justice system; and promoting safety and well-being, particularly for communities that have been most impacted by mass incarceration. Ultimately, Smart Decarceration efforts should prioritize reducing the overall footprint of the criminal justice system, while building capacity outside of the system to support safety, health, and well-being. Research plays a critical role in advancing Smart Decarceration, as new forms of knowledge and evidence must be developed to replace ineffective and unjust policies and practices associated with mass incarceration. The paper discusses approaches to research that move beyond typical criminal justice outcomes and focus on the multifaceted goals of Smart Decarceration. The six articles in this special issue are introduced, highlighting their foci across ecological levels and the breadth of the criminal justice continuum, centering populations most impacted by incarceration, and identifying practice and policy innovations.

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