Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Wilson Jhonatan Olmedo Carrillo ◽  
Andrés Santiago Cisneros-Barahona ◽  
María Isabel Uvidia Fassler ◽  
Gonzalo Nicolay Samaniego Erazo ◽  
Byron Andrés Casignia Vásconez
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks

scholarly journals On the Determination of Meshed Distribution Networks Operational Points after Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Vita ◽  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Christos A. Christodoulou ◽  
George Seritan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Robustness ◽  
Current Load ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Calculation Algorithm

This paper proposes a calculation algorithm that creates operational points and evaluates the performance of distribution lines after reinforcement. The operational points of the line are probabilistically determined using Monte Carlo simulation for several objective functions for a given line. It is assumed that minimum voltage at all nodes has to be balanced to the maximum load served under variable distributed generation production, and to the energy produced from the intermittent renewables. The calculated maximum load, which is higher than the current load, is expected to cover the expected needs for electric vehicles charging. Following the proposed operational patterns, it is possible to have always maximum line capacity. This method is able to offer several benefits. It facilitates of network planning and the estimation of network robustness. It can be used as a tool for network planners, operators and large users. It applies to any type of network including radial and meshed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Design and Effectiveness of Electric Distribution Grid with Distributed Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Mancini ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Wahiba Yaici ◽  
Dario Zaninelli
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The objective of this paper is to assess the probable effect that electric vehicles (EVs), already in wide circulation and likely to increase exponentially in the near future, will have on distribution networks. Analyses are conducted on the necessary interventions and evolutions that the distribution grid will have to undergo in order to manage this new and progressively increasing heavy load of energy. Thus, in order to understand the technical limitations of the current infrastructure and how transformers and lines will be able to withstand the increasing penetration of EVs, urban and rural grid models have been studied, to highlight the differences between the impacts on high- and low-density networks. In addition, an analysis of fast charging station impact has been carried out. MATLAB software was used to perform the simulations for the creation of scripts, which were then exploited within the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. This allowed evaluation of the networks under examination and verification of the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. In concluding based on findings, some methods of managing the distribution network to optimise the network parameters analysed in the study and a solution involving electric vehicles are recommended.

scholarly journals Centralized Control of Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4283
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Zarco-Soto ◽  
Pedro J. Zarco-Periñán ◽  
Jose L. Martínez-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The Impact

Distribution networks were conceived to distribute the energy received from transmission and subtransmission to supply passive loads. This approach, however, is not valid anymore due to the presence of distributed generation, which is mainly based on renewable energies, and the increased number of plug-in electric vehicles that are connected at this voltage level for domestic use. In this paper the ongoing transition that distribution networks face is addressed. Whereas distributed renewable energy sources increase nodal voltages, electric vehicles result in demand surges higher than the load predictions considered when planning these networks, leading to congestion in distribution lines and transformers. Additionally, centralized control techniques are analyzed to reduce the impact of distributed generation and electric vehicles and increase their effective integration. A classification of the different methodologies applied to the problems of voltage control and congestion management is presented.

scholarly journals Review of Distribution Network Phase Imbalance: Scale, Consequences, Solutions, and Future Research Direction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Ma ◽  
Lurui Fang ◽  
Wangwei Kong
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Scarcity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Micro Grids

Phase imbalance is widespread in the distribution networks in the UK, continental Europe, US, China, and other countries. First, this paper reviews the mass scale of phase imbalance and its consequences. Three challenges arise from phase rebalancing: the scalability, data scarcity, and adaptability (towards changing imbalance over time) challenges. Solutions to address the challenges are: 1) using retrofit-able, maintenance-free, automatic solutions to overcome the scalability challenge; 2) using data analytics to overcome the data-scarcity challenge; and 3) using phase balancers or other online phase rebalancing solutions to overcome the adaptability challenge. This paper categorizes existing phase rebalancing solutions into three classes: 1) load/lateral re-phasing; 2) using phase balancers; 3) controlling energy storage, electric vehicles, distributed generation, and micro-grids for phase rebalancing. Their advantages and limitations are analyzed and ways to overcome the limitations are recommended. Finally, this paper suggests future research topics.<br>

Determining the Norton’s Equivalent Model of Distribution System with Distributed Generation (DG) for Stability Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Sunny Katyara ◽  
Lukasz Staszewski ◽  
Faheem Akhtar Chachar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Since the distribution networks are passive until Distributed Generation (DG) is not being installed into them, the stability issues occur in the distribution system after the integration of DG. Methods: In order to assure the simplicity during the calculations, many approximations have been proposed for finding the system’s parameters i.e. Voltage, active and reactive powers and load angle, more efficiently and accurately. This research presents an algorithm for finding the Norton’s equivalent model of distribution system with DG, considering from receiving end. Norton’s model of distribution system can be determined either from its complete configuration or through an algorithm using system’s voltage and current profiles. The algorithm involves the determination of derivative of apparent power against the current (dS/dIL) of the system. Results: This work also verifies the accuracy of proposed algorithm according to the relative variations in the phase angle of system’s impedance. This research also considers the varying states of distribution system due to switching in and out of DG and therefore Norton’s model needs to be updated accordingly. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulation results under two scenarios, (i) normal condition and (ii) faulty condition. During normal condition, the stability factor near to 1 and change in dS/dIL was near to 0 while during fault condition, the stability factor was higher than 1 and the value of dS/dIL was away from 0.

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