scholarly journals Educating the Commons and Commoning Education: Thinking Radical Education with Radical Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Grégoire Rousseau ◽  
Nora Sternfeld
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models ◽  
Radical Education ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Means Of Production

AbstractAll over the world, education—which could be understood as a universal right and public good—is facing processes of economization and privatization. Technology—which could be understood as a common means of production, collaboratively developed—is taken away from the public and put into corporate hands. This article is designed as a conversation investigating the question of shared and common knowledge from the perspectives of an educator and an engineer, respectively. The dialogue explores necessary convergences in radical practices of commoning, and possible future strategies for education and Open Technology. It asks how new models can challenge the neoliberal agenda and move away from established policies, and how a collective re-appropriation of the means of production could emerge within a post-digital society.

scholarly journals Transforming the World in Which We Live: Laureate's Transnational Civic Learning Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
William M. Plater
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Civic Learning ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The World

<p>Higher education serves as an agent of social change that plays a significant role in the development of socially conscious and engaged students. The duty higher education has toward society, the role for-profit educational institutions play in enhancing the public good, and the prospect of making social change an element of these providers’ missions are discussed. Laureate’s Global Citizenship Project is introduced, highlighting the development of the project’s civic engagement rubric and the challenges of assessing civic engagement.</p>

scholarly journals Where Does Open Science Lead Us During a Pandemic? A Public Good Argument to Prioritize Rights in the Open Commons

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN CAPPS
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
The Commons

AbstractDuring the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, open science has become central to experimental, public health, and clinical responses across the globe. Open science (OS) is described as an open commons, in which a right to science renders all possible scientific data for everyone to access and use. In this common space, capitalist platforms now provide many essential services and are taking the lead in public health activities. These neoliberal businesses, however, have a problematic role in the capture of public goods. This paper argues that the open commons is a community of rights, consisting of people and institutions whose interests mutually support the public good. If OS is a cornerstone of public health, then reaffirming the public good is its overriding purpose, and unethical platforms ought to be excluded from the commons and its benefits.

Government With The People

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Henry Tam
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter provides a critical introduction to the problem of disengagement between governments and citizens. It looks at different arguments for reforming the scope and approach adopted by the state and explains why the way forward has to be through more effective state-citizen cooperation. It also gives a general outline of the three parts of the book. The first part examines the theoretical background and recent development of state-citizen cooperation to find out why more attention should be given to advance it; how its impact should be judged; and what makes it distinctive and complementary to other proposals on improving democratic governance. The second part reviews policies and strategies that have been tried out in different parts of the world to enable citizens and state institutions to work together in an informed and collaborative manner in defining and pursuing the public good. The final part considers how various underlying barriers to effective state-citizen cooperation can be overcome, with reference to specific case examples.

scholarly journals Shame and honour drive cooperation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jacquet ◽  
Christoph Hauert ◽  
Arne Traulsen ◽  
Manfred Milinski
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Resources ◽  
Public Goods Experiments ◽  
The Commons

Can the threat of being shamed or the prospect of being honoured lead to greater cooperation? We test this hypothesis with anonymous six-player public goods experiments, an experimental paradigm used to investigate problems related to overusing common resources. We instructed the players that the two individuals who were least generous after 10 rounds would be exposed to the group. As the natural antithesis, we also test the effects of honour by revealing the identities of the two players who were most generous. The non-monetary, reputational effects induced by shame and honour each led to approximately 50 per cent higher donations to the public good when compared with the control, demonstrating that both shame and honour can drive cooperation and can help alleviate the tragedy of the commons.

scholarly journals Plasticity facilitates sustainable growth in the commons

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (81) ◽  
pp. 20121006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cavaliere ◽  
Juan F. Poyatos
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Minimal Effort

In the commons, communities whose growth depends on public good, individuals often rely on surprisingly simple strategies, or heuristics, to decide whether to contribute to the shared resource (at risk of exploitation by free-riders). Although this appears a limitation, we show here how four heuristics lead to sustainable growth when coupled to specific ecological constraints. The two simplest ones—contribute permanently or switch stochastically between contributing or not—are first shown to bring sustainability when the public good efficiently promotes growth. If efficiency declines and the commons is structured in small groups, the most effective strategy resides in contributing only when a majority of individuals are also contributors. In contrast, when group size becomes large, the most effective behaviour follows a minimal-effort rule: contribute only when it is strictly necessary. Both plastic strategies are observed in natural scenarios across scales that present them as relevant social motifs for the sustainable management of public goods.

The Wicked Problem of Scholarly Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Behrend ◽  
Richard Landers
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Scholarly Activity ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Scholarly Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Academics sometimes forget that the purpose of a university is to educate: our students, our local communities, each other, and the world. Although each university is unique in its constituency, all share the charge to generate knowledge for the protection and benefit of the public good. The goal of an academic should be to beneficially impact society, broadly defined, with scholarly activity. As editor and columnist for The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, one publication highlighted by the focal article, we applaud the efforts of Aguinis et al. (2017) to put forth alternative approaches to defining impact. Like them, we are concerned that many of the measures of “impact” we currently use do not capture this charge.

The Ethics Problem

2014 ◽  
pp. 634-650
Author(s):  
David M. Levy ◽  
Sandra J. Peart
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
American Economic Association ◽  
Collective Action Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Association

The collective action problem of economic experts was diagnosed acutely by Knight and Pigou in the 1930s. The interest of economists as a group is in pursuing the public good of truth; the interest of an individual economist is in pursuing the private good of happiness. Pigou’s example is the pursuit of political influence. Deviation from truth-seeking devastates the theory of governance as objective inquiry laid out by Knight and John Rawls, as we saw in the eugenic era. We reformulate the Knight–Rawls position as truth-seeking contingent on a presupposed system. The best case for the Knight–Rawls position is transparency, where presuppositions are common knowledge. If transparency is infeasible making the nontransparency of inquiry itself transparent will serve as a second-best solution to warn third parties to make adjustments. A code of ethics can itself serve as a warning about the temptation. Pigou’s concern about nonpecuniary temptation should be added to the American Economic Association code of ethics.

scholarly journals The evolution of anti-social rewarding and its countermeasures in public goods games

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20141994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Additional Condition ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Social Trap

Cooperation in joint enterprises can easily break down when self-interests are in conflict with collective benefits, causing a tragedy of the commons. In such social dilemmas, the possibility for contributors to invest in a common pool-rewards fund, which will be shared exclusively among contributors, can be powerful for averting the tragedy, as long as the second-order dilemma (i.e. withdrawing contribution to reward funds) can be overcome (e.g. with second-order sanctions). However, the present paper reveals the vulnerability of such pool-rewarding mechanisms to the presence of reward funds raised by defectors and shared among them (i.e. anti-social rewarding), as it causes a cooperation breakdown, even when second-order sanctions are possible. I demonstrate that escaping this social trap requires the additional condition that coalitions of defectors fare poorly compared with pro-socials, with either (i) better rewarding abilities for the latter or (ii) reward funds that are contingent upon the public good produced beforehand, allowing groups of contributors to invest more in reward funds than groups of defectors. These results suggest that the establishment of cooperation through a collective positive incentive mechanism is highly vulnerable to anti-social rewarding and requires additional countermeasures to act in combination with second-order sanctions.

The International Cooperation of Businesses in order to Improve Local Public Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-887
Author(s):  
Leyla Angélica Sandoval Hamón ◽  
Fernando Casani
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Business ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models

Changes in local government policies about the management of public services has been the focus of many investigations all around the world. However, what has not been studies is how some of the new models have relied upon international business alliances in order to improve the public services provided. A qualitative analysis, based on case studies of alliances between Colombian and Spanish companies, have been performed to help address this question. The results indicate that the changes in local policies have not only improved the public services but, with the agreements signed, a strong and agile partnership has been achieved.

Chelsea Manning as Transformative Truth-Teller

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-80
Author(s):  
Lida Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
The Public ◽  
Don't Ask Don't Tell ◽  
The World ◽  
Truth Teller

The chapter argues for reading Chelsea Manning as a transformative truth-teller. Through close examination of the chat logs between Manning and Adrian Lamo, the chapter argues that we should value rather than dismiss the connections Manning makes between her “private” struggles with Don’t Ask Don’t Tell and her struggles with mandated secrecy of information about government abuses of power in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The chapter reads Manning’s truth-telling, and her connection between public and private, not as simply an attempt to state or reveal facts, but also as an enactment of herself, as a gender nonconforming person and a person resistant to the army’s articulation of the national interest, as a proper speaker and defender of the public good. Yet her leaking aims not to restore institutions to normal functioning, but rather to transform the world so that she and her truths can be seen as significant.

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