Novel Percutaneous LAA Closure Devices in Clinical or Preclinical Trials

2016 ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Sameer Gafoor ◽  
Luisa Heuer ◽  
Jennifer Franke ◽  
Markus Reinartz ◽  
Stefan Bertog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
Laa Closure

scholarly journals Safety and effects of volume loading during transesophageal echocardiography in the pre-procedural work-up for left atrial appendage closure

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso B. Freitas-Ferraz ◽  
Mathieu Bernier ◽  
Kim O’Connor ◽  
Jonathan Beaudoin ◽  
Jean Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Fluid Bolus ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Device Size ◽  
Laa Closure

Abstract Background In patients undergoing left atrial appendage (LAA) closure, an accurate sizing of the LAA is key to optimize device sizing, procedural success and reduce complications. Previous studies have shown that intraprocedural volume loading increases LAA dimensions and improves device sizing. However, the safety and effects on LAA and device sizing of administering a fluid bolus during pre-procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and impact on LAA dimensions and device sizing of an intravenous (IV) fluid bolus administered during TEE in the setting of the pre-procedural work-up for LAA closure. Methods The study included a total of 72 patients who underwent TEE to assess suitability for LAAC and received a 500 ml IV bolus of normal saline. The LAA landing zone (LZ) and depth were measured by TEE before and after volume loading, and these measurements were used to predict the device size implanted during a subsequent percutaneous LAAC procedure. Results There were no complications associated with volume loading. The baseline mean LZ was 19.6 ± 3.6 mm at 90o, and 20.2 ± 4.1 mm at 135o. Following fluid bolus, the maximum diameter increased 1.5 ± 1.0 mm at 90o (p<0.001), and 1.3 ± 1.0 mm at 135o (p<0.001). The baseline mean depth of the LAA was 26.5 ± 5.5 mm at 90o, and 23.9 ± 5.8 mm at 135o. After fluid bolus, the mean depth increased by 1.5 ± 1.8 mm (p<0.001) and 1.6 ± 2.0 (p<0.001), at 90o and 135o, respectively. Sizing based on post-bolus measurements of the LZ significantly improved the agreement with the final device size selection during the procedure in 71.0% of cases (vs. 42.0% with pre-bolus measurements). Conclusions Volume loading during ambulatory TEE as part of the pre-procedural work-up of LAAC is safe and significantly increases LAA dimensions. This strategy may become the new standard, particularly in centers performing LAAC with no TEE guidance, as it improves LAA sizing and more accurately predicts the final device size.

scholarly journals Fungicidal Activity of a Safe 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative Against Candida albicans

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Daniella Renata Faria ◽  
Raquel Cabral Melo ◽  
Glaucia Sayuri Arita ◽  
Karina Mayumi Sakita ◽  
Franciele Abigail Vilugron Rodrigues-Vendramini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Chemical Similarity ◽  
Preclinical Trials

Candida albicans is the most common species isolated from nosocomial bloodstream infections. Due to limited therapeutic arsenal and increase of drug resistance, there is an urgent need for new antifungals. Therefore, the antifungal activity against C. albicans and in vivo toxicity of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole compound (LMM6) was evaluated. This compound was selected by in silico approach based on chemical similarity. LMM6 was highly effective against several clinical C. albicans isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 8 to 32 µg/mL. This compound also showed synergic effect with amphotericin B and caspofungin. In addition, quantitative assay showed that LMM6 exhibited a fungicidal profile and a promising anti-biofilm activity, pointing to its therapeutic potential. The evaluation of acute toxicity indicated that LMM6 is safe for preclinical trials. No mortality and no alterations in the investigated parameters were observed. In addition, no substantial alteration was found in Hippocratic screening, biochemical or hematological analyzes. LMM6 (5 mg/kg twice a day) was able to reduce both spleen and kidneys fungal burden and further, promoted the suppresses of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in infection control. These preclinical findings support future application of LMM6 as potential antifungal in the treatment of invasive candidiasis.

Incomplete surgical LAA closure is associated with increased thromboembolic complications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Güner ◽  
Ezgi Gültekin Güner ◽  
Macit Kalçık ◽  
Mehmet Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Laa Closure

scholarly journals Horse spleen segmentation technique as large animal model of preclinical trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto P.P. Foz Filho ◽  
Benedito W. de Martin ◽  
Ana Rita de Lima ◽  
Maria Angelica Miglino
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Splenic Artery ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Vascular Pattern ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
Spleen Segmentation

The parenchymal distribution of the splenic artery was studied in order to obtain anatomical basis for partial splenectomy. Thirty two spleens were studied, 26 spleens of healthy horses weighing 320 to 450kg, aged 3 to 12 years and 6 spleens of fetus removed from slaughterhouse. The spleens were submitted to arteriography and scintigraphy in order to have their vascular pattern examined and compared to the external aspect of the organ aiming establish anatomo-surgical segments. All radiographs were photographed with a digital camera and the digital images were submitted to a measuring system for comparative analysis of areas of dorsal and ventral anatomo-surgical segments. Anatomical investigations into the angioarchitecture of the equine spleen showed a paucivascular area, which coincides with a thinner external area, allowing the organ to be divided in two anatomo-surgical segments of approximately 50% of the organ each.

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging Enables High Resolution Preclinical Trials on Patients’ Leukemia Cells Growing in Mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e52798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Terziyska ◽  
Catarina Castro Alves ◽  
Volker Groiss ◽  
Katja Schneider ◽  
Katarina Farkasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Preclinical Trials

scholarly journals The effect of age, anatomical site and bone structure on osteogenesis in New Zealand White rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ravanetti ◽  
Edoardo Scarpa ◽  
Vittorio Farina ◽  
Marco Zedda ◽  
Carlo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Bone Implants ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
Parietal Bones

Among animal models, rabbits are widely used in medical research, as they fill the gap between smaller models, commonly employed in basic science, and larger ones, which are better suited for preclinical trials. Given their rapid growth, rabbits provide a valuable system for the evaluation of bone implants for tissue regeneration. By means of a histomorphometric analysis, here we quantified the mineral apposition rates (MARs) in osteonic, periosteum and endosteum osteogenic fronts, of skeletal elements within femur, tibia, radius, ulna, frontal and parietal bones in New Zealand White rabbits aged 6, 7 and 8 months. Our hypothesis is that the MAR varies according to the skeletal maturity of the animal, and also within the skeletal elements and the osteogenic fronts considered. In the present study we show that the MAR in both femur and tibia is significantly higher than in ulna and radius. We also demonstrate that the MAR in parietal bones is significantly higher compared to the MAR of both frontal and forelimb bones. Contrary to what was expected, the MARs of all the skeletal elements considered were not decreased following full skeletal maturity. Finally, the MAR of the osteonic-osteogenic front is the lowest in all of the skeletal elements considered. In conclusion, these results provide new important insights for the evaluation of bone implants, casting a light on the role of both age and osteogenic fronts on the bone MAR, and providing valuable information on the physiological bone turnover in New Zealand White rabbits.

scholarly journals Endometrial SUSD2+ Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Tissue Engineering: Advances in Novel Cellular Constructs for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
David M. Z. B. Hennes ◽  
Anna Rosamilia ◽  
Jerome A. Werkmeister ◽  
Caroline E. Gargett ◽  
Shayanti Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Vaginal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
And Control

Cellular therapy is an emerging field in clinical and personalised medicine. Many adult mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC) or pluripotent derivatives are being assessed simultaneously in preclinical trials for their potential treatment applications in chronic and degenerative human diseases. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (eMSC) have been identified as clonogenic cells that exist in unique perivascular niches within the uterine endometrium. Compared with MSC isolated from other tissue sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue, eMSC can be extracted through less invasive methods of tissue sampling, and they exhibit improvements in potency, proliferative capacity, and control of culture-induced differentiation. In this review, we summarize the potential cell therapy and tissue engineering applications of eMSC in pelvic organ prolapse (POP), emphasising their ability to exert angiogenic and strong immunomodulatory responses that improve tissue integration of novel surgical constructs for POP and promote vaginal tissue healing.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Safety of Probiotic Supplements for Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Preclinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Liuting Zeng ◽  
Ganpeng Yu ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Wensa Hao ◽  
Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Preclinical Trials

Background. Patients with psoriasis need long-term medication to control their condition. Recent studies suggest that changing the intestinal flora may be a potential treatment. Methods. The databases were utilized to search the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and preclinical trials about probiotic supplement in the treatment of psoriasis. The retrieval time is from the establishment of these databases to December 2020. RevMan5.3 was used for the risk assessment of bias and meta-analysis. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021232756). Results. A total of 3 RCTs involving 164 participants were included. Two RCTs showed that probiotics can improve PASI and thereby improve the condition. For inflammation-related indicators, only one RCT showed that probiotics can improve the levels of CRP and TNF-α but have no obvious improvement effect on IL6. One RCT demonstrated the total effective rate of probiotics in the treatment of psoriasis. For adverse events, one RCT showed that the incidence of adverse events of probiotic treatment was low. Preclinical studies showed that continuous intervention with oral probiotics can significantly improve the progression of psoriasis and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors. The meta-analysis showed that the PASI between two groups was of no statistical significance (SMD 1.83 [-0.41, 4.07], P = 0.11 ). Meanwhile, probiotics may improve skin thickness (SMD -5.87 [-11.34, -0.41], P = 0.04 ) in animal model. Conclusion. Prebiotics may have a positive effect on alleviating the clinical symptoms of psoriasis, but a large sample of RCTs is still needed to support its therapeutic effect in psoriasis.

scholarly journals Virus-Vectored Ebola Vaccines

Acta Naturae ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Dolzhikova ◽  
E. A. Tokarskaya ◽  
A. S. Dzharullaeva ◽  
A. I. Tukhvatulin ◽  
D. V. Shcheblyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Preclinical Trials

The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most dangerous infections affecting humans and animals. The first EVD outbreaks occurred in 1976 in Sudan and Zaire. Since then, more than 20 outbreaks have occurred; the largest of which (2014-2016) evolved into an epidemic in West Africa and claimed the lives of more than 11,000 people. Although vaccination is the most effective way to prevent epidemics, there was no licensed vaccine for EVD at the beginning of the latest outbreak. The development of the first vaccines for EVD started in 1980 and has come a long technological way, from inactivated to genetically engineered vaccines based on recombinant viral vectors. This review focuses on virus-vectored Ebola vaccines that have demonstrated the greatest efficacy in preclinical trials and are currently under different phases of clinical trial. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of immune response development, which are important for protection from EVD, and the key vaccine parameters necessary for inducing long-term protective immunity against EVD.

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