International Cooperation in the EU Transport Research: Experiences and Barriers

2016 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Monika Bąk
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
The Eu

China-EU Two-level Cooperation and Challenges on Public Health during the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-147
Author(s):  
Song Lilei ◽  
Bian Sai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Community ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Health Aid ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Health Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

International public health cooperation has always been one of the typical issues of bilateral and multilateral diplomatic ties in the international community. As two important actors in the international community, China and the EU have worked on many transnational public health cooperation projects. The two-level division of the EU's foreign policy competence decided the Cooperation and Challenges on Public Health between China-EU. Cooperation with the EU member states is expanding, the cooperation with the level of the EU started to show up. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, both China and the EU have publicly expressed their support for WHO's anti-pandemic measures. China has actively provided public health aid to Central and Eastern European countries and shared the Anti-COVID-19 experience. In this article, the author reviewed the progress and mechanism of China-EU public health cooperation, discussed how China and the EU have jointly dealt with the pandemic by sharing experience, providing aids, strengthening multilateralism and international cooperation, and building a community with a healthy future for humankind since the outbreak of COVID-19. Facing the COVID-19，China-EU health cooperation should be further strengthened to show the importance of a community with a shared future for humanity.

scholarly journals Towards a common agricultural policy in Africa?

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 301-315
Author(s):  
Blizkovsky Petr ◽  
Grega Libor ◽  
Verter Nahanga
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
African Context ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyses the structure and level of international cooperation among African states in the area of agriculture and rural development. It focuses on the AU and its eight Regional Economic Communities. The international cooperation schemes between the World Bank, EU, FAO and African countries in agricultural policy are reviewed. The paper concludes that, despite numerous cross-border initiatives, governance of agricultural policies in the pan-African context remains fragmented. Policy-making and cooperation schemes need to be stepped up to address continent-wide challenges in the sector. There is an urgent need for the AU and the EU to intensify their cooperation in agricultural policies and development. The AU in collaboration with its regional bodies should establish a common agricultural policy for the continent. Such initiatives need to be Africa-driven and adapted to African needs. The EU should only provide technical know-how and institutional support if welcomed by African partners. Collective action towards rural areas via greater coordination of African agricultural policies and actions would help to develop the missing institutional framework needed for agricultural development in the continent. Fostering economic growth through agricultural development and reforms may also lead to a reduction of migration as witnessed by the EU in the sixties.  

International Cooperation in Combating Human Trafficking in the EU: Evidence from Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
The Eu

Human trafficking lies at the heart of international organised crime. It is concerned with profits in terms of the exploitation of human beings. It is an abuse of basic rights. The enormous interest and concern for trafficking and human struggling is factual evidence. In the EU, policy on irregular migration is driven by the perception that the member states risk being overwhelmed by large numbers of irregular migrants thought to constitute a threat to national security. This has implications for policy measures designed to combat trafficking and human smuggling, which may not work without international cooperation. In most cases, victims are brought to the EU member states from abroad. This creates a demand for international obligations for cooperation and related instruments for combating human smuggling and trafficking. Therefore, the member states and their law enforcement agencies cannot tackle human trafficking alone. A question arises as to whether Turkey can be a vital partner, based on the facts that it is a transit country, with a strong border and assuming that it has a role to play, through its expertise and its commitment to dealing with the effects of trafficking. Unfortunately, these facts are still overlooked, while disproportionately intensive efforts are expended on dealing with questions of national security by the member states. Combating illegal immigration and reducing and controlling migration are frequently seen through the magnifying glass of the struggle against human trafficking. This article focuses on the international factors involved and how the wider international community might be able to play an effective role in helping to tackle human trafficking. It argues that continued coordination and collaboration across the countries is vital. The article reviews the empirical evidence from Turkey, as non-EU/candidate countries' cooperation and assistance in human trafficking may have an important dimension.

scholarly journals International Cooperation as a Prerequisite for Improvement of Access to Orphan Biologic Medicines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Więckowski
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Orphan Drugs ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Rare diseases constitute a global problem. Worldwide, 350 million people suffer from such diseases. The number of diagnosed cases are on the rise. Only a small percentage of those suffering have the opportunity to be treated with modern therapies. Medicines used to treat rare diseases are called orphan drugs. Biologic medicines developed for orphan drug indications, besides patent protection, have a period of regulatory and market exclusivity. After this period of time has elapsed, access to orphan drugs could be improved by the introduction of biosimilar medicines. The biggest challenge is to develop effective legal, tax and economic incentives to stimulate the development of biosimilar medicines for orphan indications. The regulatory agencies - EMA in the EU and the FDA in the USA - play a key role in increasing access to orphan biologics. Undoubtedly, the international cooperation, especially the mutual recognition of registration procedures between countries, and the creation of a common vocabulary and the unification of incentives for the pharmaceutical industry would have the positive impact on access to modern therapies.

scholarly journals Cooperation and Isolation: Understanding EU-Russia Dialogue

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Chebakova
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Empirical Analyses

The promising agenda of EU-Russia cooperation has resulted in mutual frustration manifested in continuous, paradoxical crises and isolation between the partners. This article offers a possible way to reflect on an uneasy EU-Russia relationship. In this study, I make problems in EU-Russia cooperation discursively visible by scrutinizing the official speech acts articulated in EU-Russia political and security discourse. I demonstrate that these official speech acts create conditions for a responsive dialogue and, eventually, form a set of prevalent discursive practices that re-produce and reinforce problems in EU-Russia cooperation. Blending Bakhtin‟s dialogic analysis and Onuf‟s constructivist accounts, I strike a balance between theoretical and empirical analyses and develop a model for understanding current and possible future events in the EU-Russia partnership. This model of international cooperation can be transferable beyond its borders to similar examples of relationships currently existing all over the world.

Harmonization of VCU testing methods for maize varieties in a European context

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377
Author(s):  
J. Van Waes
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Separate System ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
National Systems ◽  
The Eu

In the European Community, a new variety of an agricultural crop must be submitted for official trials for DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability) and VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) before commercialization. The guidelines for these tests are summarized in the European directive 70/457/EU (1970), revised in 2002 (2002/53/EU).  At present each EU country has a separate system for VCU testing. The EU directive stipulates that the VCU value must be satisfactory. The term “satisfactory” can be interpreted in different ways, so the level for admission for the same varieties may differ greatly between countries. For the market this can lead to a different assortment of varieties, adapted for the same ecological regions, but distributed over several countries. The different steps, from acceptance of a variety for trials, through the organization, the evaluation of parameters during the growing season, harvest modalities and data processing to the criteria for registration in Belgium are presented in the paper, followed by an analysis of the registration procedure in Belgium in comparison with other countries  Thereafter, a proposal is given for harmonization and international cooperation in the VCU testing of varieties adapted to comparable ecological regions of neighbouring countries and with the same crop exploitation and use of the final product. For these varieties it is important that nearly the same rules are used for the registration of VCU value. The basis for successful international cooperation is a good knowledge of the national systems, searching for similarities and finding a solution for differences.

Part VIII Cooperation in Antirust Enforcement, 22 International Cooperation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smijter Eddy De ◽  
Gasparon Philipp ◽  
Berghe Pascal
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Merger Control ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

This chapter studies the cooperation between the European Commission and competition authorities and courts outside the EU, at both bilateral and multilateral level, and highlights the importance of that cooperation in the context of proliferation of competition regimes and the continual increase in cross-border business activities. In more than half of its enforcement activities, the Commission cooperates with one or more foreign jurisdictions, obviously with varying degrees of intensity. The bulk of this international cooperation, in the fields of both merger control and anticompetitive practices, is with the U.S. and the Canadian competition authorities. The chapter then sets out the legal framework for international cooperation and explains the principles determining the Commission’s jurisdiction in cases having an international dimension. It also considers cooperation in antitrust enforcement, with particular attention given to the exchange of information and disclosure of evidence.

scholarly journals Transfer of criminal proceedings: from stumbling block to cornerstone of cooperation in criminal matters in the EU

ERA Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-464
Author(s):  
Boudewijn de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Common Area ◽  
European Union Legislation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Criminal Matters ◽  
The Eu

AbstractMost forms of international cooperation in criminal matters have now been regulated to some extent by European Union legislation. One classical form of cooperation has been so far largely immune from influence by the EU legislator, however. This is the area of transfer of proceedings. This article provides an overview of the current situation and argues that new life should be blown into earlier initiatives to improve this form of cooperation. Harmonisation in this area will prove an important step to facilitate the proper administration of justice in the common Area of Freedom, Justice and Security that the European Union is set to realise.

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