Adaptive Capacity as a Strategic Element for Reducing Vulnerability to Environmental Changes

2015 ◽  
pp. 129-159
Author(s):  
Liana Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strategic Element

scholarly journals Assessing the Vulnerability of Marine Fisheries in China: Towards an Inter-Provincial Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Weiteng Shen ◽  
Bing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Adaptation Measures

China’s marine fisheries are undergoing large-scale environmental changes associated with climate change, marine pollution, and overfishing. The assessment of marine fisheries vulnerability has become extremely necessary for fisheries management and sustainable development. However, studies on China’s marine fisheries vulnerability remains sparse. This study aimed to provide an analysis of the inter-provincial level vulnerability of China’s marine fisheries under multiple disturbances. The vulnerability measure was composed of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indicators specific to marine fisheries based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) definitions. Results showed that Liaoning, Hebei, Fujian, and Hainan provinces appeared to be the most vulnerable; Shanghai appeared to be less vulnerable among China’s 11 coastal provinces; and the key sources of vulnerability differed considerably among coastal regions. The high vulnerability regions could be divided into two different patterns according to the combination of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, but they all had one thing in common: relatively low adaptive capacity. While some existing coercive measures to reduce dependence on fisheries were found to be helpful in China, the reality showed that appropriate adaptation measures such as improving fishermen’s education level and increasing vocational training may be helpful in enhancing the existing policy effectiveness.

scholarly journals Adaptative Potential Students as Internal Resources Mastery Under Transformation of Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Nataliya Zavatska ◽  
Ulyana Mykhaylyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The article shows that the specificity of a holistic personality adjustment process in social systems is not confined only because of the peculiarities of its elements, such as the personal maturity, changes in the social conditions of the environment, and is determined by the interaction of structural components of the adaptive capacity of the individual. This maladjustment of one of these components will inevitably impact on the integrity of the individual adaptation process. It was determined that based on the analysis of the structural components of adaptation of the person (socially adapted situation, social need for adaptive, adaptive psychological need) there is the need to clarify the role of each of these components in the process of adaptation of the person. In the context of investigations under the holistic process of social adaptation of personality in social systems we mean active mutual adaptation of the individual and the social environment to each other in order to create a harmonious cooperation for the effective functioning of the individual in these social systems. Violation of this process or the implementation of its social disapproved or antisocial ways leads to the violation of the integrity of the adaptation process and it flows in unacceptable forms of society. It is emphasized that social exclusion leads to disruption of the socialization process, reflected in the increasing complexity of learning and the use of social roles, values and attitudes. In accordance with the social work we should pay attention to the replacement of anti-social norms, values and attitudes to prosocial. This process we treat as a social reinsertion - purposefully organized restructuring of the moral and valuable personality and behavioral areas that promotes the formation of social and value orientations and behavior. It was stated that the whole process of social adaptation of the person can provide awareness and reflection of environmental changes in the social systems of the environment; activity of the person in the regulation of adaptive capacity; transformation of adaptive capacity into more complex and sophisticated forms of interaction with the surrounding reality

Consequences and Strategic Implications of Networked Enterprise and Human Resources

2010 ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco ◽  
María Pilar Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Óscar González-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Productive Factor ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
Demand Changes

In the current environment, knowledge constitutes the starting point for the development of all economic and social agents’ activities and behaviors (Castells, 2000). Knowledge, as an internal resource, can be used intensively, which makes it possible to consider it as a productive factor as well as an important strategic element for obtaining a key source of competitive advantages (Vilaseca, Torrent-Sellens, & Jiménez Zarco, 2007). Certain works, such as the ones developed by Vilaseca et al. (2007) and others, consider the process of economic globalization, the demand changes, and the intensive use of ICT responsible for the emergence of an economy based on knowledge. Nevertheless, from a business point of view, the intensive use of ICT can be regarded as the most important factor. Thus, the globalization of markets together with the changes in demand are challenges, although the intensive use of ICT provides strength for responding to the new environmental changes and even transforming them into opportunities. Depending on the ability of firms to transform challenges into opportunities—which can be sometimes achieved through a systematic use of ICT—good results can be achieved. In order to face the growing complexity and competitiveness of the environment as well as give quick and suitable responses, the firm must consider ICT as an internal strategic factor (Bond & Houston. 2003). Hence, by favoring the accumulation and use of knowledge in all organizational activities and encouraging the organization’s flexibility, the use of ICT permits a quick adaptation of the organization to this new context as well as the development of customized competitive strategies. In contrast, the intensive use of ICT in organizations will not only influence the marketing, post-sales, and human resources departments (Vilaseca & Torrent, 2003), but also induce the development of new organizational, productive, strategic and managerial models. Thus, the intensive use of ICT facilitates both in the mmedium-and-long run the generation of more flexible schemes, more efficient and economical productive processes as well as strategic models based on the generation, processing, and use of information and knowledge (Johnson, Sohi, & Grewal, 2004).

Trial by fire: Community Wildfire Protection Plans put to the test

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Jakes ◽  
Victoria Sturtevant
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Community Capacity ◽  
Fire Response ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Response And Recovery

Research has found that community wildfire protection planning can make significant contributions to wildfire mitigation and preparedness, but can the planning process and resulting Community Wildfire Protection Plans make a difference to wildfire response and recovery? In case studies conducted in four USA communities with Community Wildfire Protection Plans in place when wildfires occurred, we saw a range of Community Wildfire Protection Plan projects designed to change the path and intensity of the wildfires. In most of our communities, the Community Wildfire Protection Plan and planning process improved relationships among firefighting agencies, clarified responsibilities and improved communication systems, contributing to fire response efficiency and effectiveness. We found that social learning resulting from the wildfire experience motivated communities to revisit and implement their Community Wildfire Protection Plans, changing the planning frame and scale and increasing the plan’s relevance for response and recovery. We conclude that Community Wildfire Protection Plans and experience with wildfire can also result in greater community capacity that builds resilience and increases adaptive capacity for future environmental changes and disasters.

Consequences and Strategic Implications of Networked Enterprise and Human Resources

2011 ◽  
pp. 1730-1737
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco ◽  
María Pilar Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Óscar González-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Productive Factor ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
Demand Changes

In the current environment, knowledge constitutes the starting point for the development of all economic and social agents’ activities and behaviors (Castells, 2000). Knowledge, as an internal resource, can be used intensively, which makes it possible to consider it as a productive factor as well as an important strategic element for obtaining a key source of competitive advantages (Vilaseca, Torrent-Sellens, & Jiménez Zarco, 2007). Certain works, such as the ones developed by Vilaseca et al. (2007) and others, consider the process of economic globalization, the demand changes, and the intensive use of ICT responsible for the emergence of an economy based on knowledge. Nevertheless, from a business point of view, the intensive use of ICT can be regarded as the most important factor. Thus, the globalization of markets together with the changes in demand are challenges, although the intensive use of ICT provides strength for responding to the new environmental changes and even transforming them into opportunities. Depending on the ability of firms to transform challenges into opportunities—which can be sometimes achieved through a systematic use of ICT—good results can be achieved. In order to face the growing complexity and competitiveness of the environment as well as give quick and suitable responses, the firm must consider ICT as an internal strategic factor (Bond & Houston. 2003). Hence, by favoring the accumulation and use of knowledge in all organizational activities and encouraging the organization’s flexibility, the use of ICT permits a quick adaptation of the organization to this new context as well as the development of customized competitive strategies. In contrast, the intensive use of ICT in organizations will not only influence the marketing, post-sales, and human resources departments (Vilaseca & Torrent, 2003), but also induce the development of new organizational, productive, strategic and managerial models. Thus, the intensive use of ICT facilitates both in the mmedium-and-long run the generation of more flexible schemes, more efficient and economical productive processes as well as strategic models based on the generation, processing, and use of information and knowledge (Johnson, Sohi, & Grewal, 2004).

Consequences and Strategic Implications of Networked Enterprise and Human Resources

2009 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco ◽  
María Pilar Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Óscar González-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Productive Factor ◽  
Strategic Element ◽  
Demand Changes

In the current environment, knowledge constitutes the starting point for the development of all economic and social agents’ activities and behaviors (Castells, 2000). Knowledge, as an internal resource, can be used intensively, which makes it possible to consider it as a productive factor as well as an important strategic element for obtaining a key source of competitive advantages (Vilaseca, Torrent-Sellens, & Jiménez Zarco, 2007). Certain works, such as the ones developed by Vilaseca et al. (2007) and others, consider the process of economic globalization, the demand changes, and the intensive use of ICT responsible for the emergence of an economy based on knowledge. Nevertheless, from a business point of view, the intensive use of ICT can be regarded as the most important factor. Thus, the globalization of markets together with the changes in demand are challenges, although the intensive use of ICT provides strength for responding to the new environmental changes and even transforming them into opportunities. Depending on the ability of firms to transform challenges into opportunities—which can be sometimes achieved through a systematic use of ICT—good results can be achieved. In order to face the growing complexity and competitiveness of the environment as well as give quick and suitable responses, the firm must consider ICT as an internal strategic factor (Bond & Houston. 2003). Hence, by favoring the accumulation and use of knowledge in all organizational activities and encouraging the organization’s flexibility, the use of ICT permits a quick adaptation of the organization to this new context as well as the development of customized competitive strategies. In contrast, the intensive use of ICT in organizations will not only influence the marketing, post-sales, and human resources departments (Vilaseca & Torrent, 2003), but also induce the development of new organizational, productive, strategic and managerial models. Thus, the intensive use of ICT facilitates both in the mmedium-and-long run the generation of more flexible schemes, more efficient and economical productive processes as well as strategic models based on the generation, processing, and use of information and knowledge (Johnson, Sohi, & Grewal, 2004).

scholarly journals Intra-Annual Variation of Stem Circumference of Tree Species Prevailing in Hemi-Boreal Forest on Hourly Scale in Relation to Meteorology, Solar Radiation and Surface Ozone Fluxes

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Algirdas Augustaitis
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Pine Trees

(1) Background: Continuous monitoring of the tree stem increment throughout the year is crucial for the understanding of trees’ reactions to changes in meteorology, solar radiation and surface ozone and evaluating the adaptive capacity of prevailing tree species to recent environmental global changes; (2) Methods: Data on tree intra-annual sequences based on electronic dendrometer data of Picea abies (L.) Karst, Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula, and Betula pubescens, growing under different nutritional and humidity conditions in the north-eastern part of Lithuania, together with their stem sap flow intensity, common meteorology and O3 fluxes, were used to meet the objectives of the study; (3) Results: Stem shrinking/contraction during the day, due to transpiration, and the swelling/expansion during the night was significantly related to meteorology, sun activity and O3 flux intensity. These variations were negatively related to current time and temperature, but positively to precipitation and relative humidity. O3 fluxed through the stomata stimulated the shrinking process more intensively than it inhibited the swelling process, but only for pine and birch trees. Spruce trees demonstrated the highest sensitivity to O3 impact due to its significant effect on the stem swelling process. Pine trees were less sensitive to O3 damages and birch trees were the least sensitive. An over-moisture regime at measoeutrophic organic soil forest site increased the significance of the effect of O3 on the tree increment of the considered tree species; (4) Conclusion: The most intensive tree ring formation of Scots pine trees in relation to recent environmental changes indicated their high resiliencies and adaptations to a local specific condition. Reduced tree growth intensity and weak relationships between the birch tree radios increment and main meteorological parameters indicated the lowest adaptive capacity of this tree species to recent environmental changes.

Water, livelihoods and climate change adaptation in the Tonle Sap Lake area, Cambodia: learning from the past to understand the future

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Nuorteva ◽  
Marko Keskinen ◽  
Olli Varis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Tonle Sap Lake ◽  
Tonle Sap

The changing environment is expected to intensify the challenges that people in developing countries are facing, particularly among the groups whose livelihoods depend on natural resources. The adaptive capacity of livelihoods largely defines the extent to which people can cope with future environmental changes, whether caused by climate change or other factors such as land use changes and water resources development. This article analyses the resilience and adaptive capacity of rural livelihoods around Cambodia's Tonle Sap Lake, an exceptional lake-floodplain system dominated by flood pulse. The research findings demonstrate that despite the people's tradition of adapting to the remarkable seasonal variation of water and related resources, their capacity to adapt to unusual environmental changes is weak, with the poorest being clearly the most vulnerable group. Reasons for the weak resilience include villages' relatively homogenous livelihood structures, unjust governance practices, increasing inequality and the lack of opportunities for livelihood diversification. It is concluded that while climate change is likely to pose a remarkable challenge to people's livelihoods in the longer term, climate change adaptation activities should also take into account other environmental changes. Equally critical is the understanding of the broader socio-political context and its dynamics in increasing—and decreasing—livelihood resilience.

Linking transcription, RNA polymerase II elongation and alternative splicing

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (16) ◽  
pp. 3091-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana E. Giono ◽  
Alberto R. Kornblihtt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transcription Elongation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Eukaryotic Transcription

Gene expression is an intricately regulated process that is at the basis of cell differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity and the cellular responses to environmental changes. Alternative splicing, the process by which multiple functionally distinct transcripts are generated from a single gene, is one of the main mechanisms that contribute to expand the coding capacity of genomes and help explain the level of complexity achieved by higher organisms. Eukaryotic transcription is subject to multiple layers of regulation both intrinsic — such as promoter structure — and dynamic, allowing the cell to respond to internal and external signals. Similarly, alternative splicing choices are affected by all of these aspects, mainly through the regulation of transcription elongation, making it a regulatory knob on a par with the regulation of gene expression levels. This review aims to recapitulate some of the history and stepping-stones that led to the paradigms held today about transcription and splicing regulation, with major focus on transcription elongation and its effect on alternative splicing.

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